考研英語(yǔ)大綱附錄1、2后綴常用詞匯精品資料

常用的前綴和后綴，部分國(guó)家(或地區(qū)) 、語(yǔ)言、國(guó)民及國(guó)籍表，洲名及常見縮寫詞一、常用的前綴和后綴1、常用前綴aero-:concerningtheairofaircraftplane-aeroplane飛機(jī)space-aerospace航空空間anti-:against;oppositeofnuclear-antinuclear反對(duì)核武器的matter-antimatter反物質(zhì)war-antiwar反戰(zhàn)的auto-:oforbyoneselfbiography傳記-autobiography自傳criticism批評(píng)-autocriticism自我反省be-：totreatasthestatedthingfriend-befriend以朋友的方式對(duì)待；照顧little-belittle使顯得微小，輕視、貶低bi-：two;twice;doublelingual-bilingual雙語(yǔ)的；人cycle-bicyclebio-:concerninglivingthingschemistry-biochemistry生化sphere-biosphere生物圈by-,bye-：lessimportantproduce-by-produceway-byway偏僻小路；學(xué)科的次要領(lǐng)域，冷門centi-:hundredthpartgrade-centigrade砥氏meter-centimeter厘米co-：together,withauthor-coauthor合著者，合著exist-coexist同時(shí)共存、和平共處col-：(usedbeforel)together,withlocation-collocation排列，配置，詞的搭配com-：(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,withpassion-compassion憐憫、同情con-：together,withcentric-concentric同一中心的、同軸federation-confederation結(jié)盟同盟，聯(lián)邦contra-:oppositediction-contradiction矛盾、否定反駁natural-contranatural違背自然的cor-：(usedbeforer)together,withrelate-correlate有相關(guān)性respond-correspond相符合相一致，相當(dāng)類似通信counter-：oppositeact-counteract對(duì)抗、抵消attack-counterattack反攻、反擊cross-：across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthemcountry-crosscountry越里予的breed-crossbreed雜種，使雜交de-：showinganopposite;toremove;toreducecode-decode譯碼、解碼、分析電子信號(hào)value-devalue貶值，貶低dis-：not;theoppositeofadvantage-disadvantage不禾1、劣勢(shì)、短處agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不適合honest-dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)、不老實(shí)em-：(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecomebody-embody表現(xiàn)、象征；包括、包含power-empower授權(quán)、準(zhǔn)許en-:tocausetobecometomakedanger-endanger危及、使遭受危險(xiǎn)large-enlarge擴(kuò)大、擴(kuò)充放大ex-:former(andstillliving)minister-ex-ministerv輔助；服侍，部長(zhǎng)wife-ex-wife前妻extra-:outside;beyondcurricular-extracurricular學(xué)校課程以夕卜的ordinary-extraordinary奇怪；特別；額外，臨時(shí)fore-：inadvance,before;inoratthefrontarm-forearm前臂，預(yù)先武裝warn-forewarn預(yù)先警告；事先告知il-:(usedbeforel)notlegal-illegal非法literate-illiterate目不識(shí)丁、文盲的im-：(usedbeforeb,m,p)notmoral-immoral不道德、邪惡；放蕩的possible-impossible不可能、辦不到的；很難接受in-：notdirect-indirect間接地，婉轉(zhuǎn)的sensitive-insensitive感覺遲鈍，不友好的；麻木infra-：belowinarange;beyondred-infrared紅外線的structure—infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)inter-：between；amongchange—interchange互換、互易；交替變換national—international國(guó)際的intra-:inside,within;intocity—intracity市內(nèi)的department--intra-departmentir-:(usedbeforer)notregular—irregular不對(duì)稱、不規(guī)則的；不定期的responsible—irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)kilo-:thousandgram—kilogram千克meter--kilometer千米macro-：large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsofeconomics—macroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)structure—macrostructure宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)mal-:badorbadlyfunction—malfunction故障，障礙treat—maltreat虐待、濫用micro-:extremelysmallcomputer—microcomputer微機(jī)electronics-microelectronics微電子學(xué)mid-：middleday—midday中午night—midnight午夜mini-：small;shortbus—minibus小汽車skirt—miniskirt超短裙mis-:badorbadly;wrongorwronglyfortune—misfortune不幸，厄運(yùn)；災(zāi)難、災(zāi)禍understand—misunderstand誤會(huì)誤解mono-:one;singleplane—monoplane單翼機(jī)tone—monotone單調(diào)的multi-:morethanone;manypurpose—multipurpose多種用途的，多目標(biāo)national—multinational多國(guó)的，跨國(guó)公司non-:notresident--non（-）resident>①不住在某地的②（指工作）不要求任職者住在工作地點(diǎn)的；不住在旅館等中的sense—nonsense胡說(shuō)，無(wú)聊的事物out-:outside;beyondlive--outlive比（某人）長(zhǎng)壽；活到（某事）已被遺忘door—outdoor戶夕卜的露天over-：toomuch；above;additionalhead-overhead離地面的；頭頂上的；上空的，架空的time-overtime超出的時(shí)間；額外的時(shí)間費(fèi)poly-:manycentric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic多音節(jié)的post-：laterthan；aftergraduate—postgraduate研究生的，生war—postwar戰(zhàn)后的pre-：before;inadvancepay—prepay預(yù)付war—prewar戰(zhàn)前的，在戰(zhàn)前pro-:infavorof,supportingAmerica--pro-Americaabortion--pro-abortion早產(chǎn)pseudo-：notreal;falsename—pseudonym假名，化名；筆名science—pseudoscience偽科學(xué)re-:again；backtotheformerstateunite-reunite重聚，再聯(lián)合use—reuse再用self-：bymeansofoneselforitself；of,to,with,for,orinoneselforitselfsemi-：half;partlycircle—semicircle半圓形final—semifinal半決賽step-:notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarriedmother—stepmother繼母children—stepchildren養(yǎng)子sub-：under,below;lessimportant;partofthestatedbiggerwholedivide—subdivide再分，名田分section--subsection分部，分段，小部分，小單位，細(xì)分super-：more,larger,greaterthanusualmarket—supermarket超市natural-supernatural超自然的，超自然的現(xiàn)象tele-：atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevisioncommunication—telecommunication電信screen--telescreentherm（o）-:concerningheatchemistry--thermochemistrymeter—thermometer溫度計(jì)trans-:across,onortotheothersideof;betweenAtlantic-transatlantic電視屏幕，熒光屏plant-transplant移植tri-:three;threetimesangular-triangular三角cycle-tricycle三輪車，機(jī)器三輪車ultra-:beyond;very,extremelymodern-ultramodern超現(xiàn)代化的sound-ultrasound超聲，超聲波un-:notcertain-uncertain不確定的fortunate-unfortunate不幸的，不幸的人under-:toolittle;belowdevelop-underdevelop（使）發(fā)展不完全，（使）顯影不足sea-undersea海面下的uni-:one,singerform-uniform制服，相同的，清一色的directional-unidirectional單向的，單向性的vice-:nextintherank;belowchairman-vice-chairman副委員長(zhǎng)president-vice-president副總統(tǒng)，副校長(zhǎng)employed--self-employedtaught--self-taught2.常用后綴(1)名詞后綴-ability,-ibility能力able-abilityflexible-flexibility 彈性，適應(yīng)性，機(jī)動(dòng)性，撓性-age時(shí)期post-postage由B費(fèi)，由B資short-shortage不足-alarrive-arrival至U達(dá),抵達(dá)；物refuse-refusal拒絕-an,-ian,-arian員；人library-librarianmusic-musician-ance,-enceappear-appearancerefer-reference人-ancy,-encyemerge-emergency緊急情況expect-expectancy期望-ant,-ent人apply-applicant申請(qǐng)求職人correspond-correspondent通信員記者-cyaccurate-accuratcy精確的,準(zhǔn)確private-praivit]privacy?隱居，獨(dú)處私事，隱私-domking-kingdom國(guó)王，界，領(lǐng)域free-freedom自由，自主權(quán)-ee人employ-employee雇工interview-interviewee接受面談?wù)?被接見者-er,-or,-ar人paint-painterbeg-beggar乞丐-ery行為；身份、制度brave-braveryslave-slavery奴隸身份制度-ese人China-ChinaeseJapan-Japanese-ess人actor-actresswaiter-waitress-ful量hand-handful一把少數(shù)spoon-spoonful——匙的量-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood成年,成年期;男子氣概-ics學(xué)科electron-electronicslinguist言學(xué)家-linguistics語(yǔ)言學(xué)-ion,-ition,-ation物collect-collectionobserve-observation-ism主義Marx-Marxismsocialist-socialism-ist人psychiatry-psychiatristviolin-violinist-ity,-tycruel-cruelty殘忍，殘酷pure-purity%,純潔，純正，潔凈-mentmove-movementretire--retirement增加；發(fā)展，擴(kuò)大-nessdark--darknesshappy--happiness-ologyclimate—climatology氣候?qū)Wfuture—futurology未來(lái)學(xué)-ship關(guān)系friend—friendship友情、友誼scholar學(xué)者一scholarship學(xué)問學(xué)識(shí)，獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金-sion,-ssion物decide--decisionexpand--expansion-thgrow--growth增加；發(fā)展，擴(kuò)大wide--width寬度，闊度，廣度-ure狀態(tài)close—closure停業(yè)、關(guān)閉expose—exposure暴露曝光(2)動(dòng)詞前綴-endeep--deepen變深,力口深fast--fasten系緊，拴牢-ifyclass--classify分類;歸類simple—simplify簡(jiǎn)化-ize,-ise使???怎么樣modern--modernize/modernizepopular--popularize/popularize(3)形容詞后綴-able,-ible的suit-suitablequestion-questionable可疑的;有疑問的-alnature-naturalstructure-structural-an,-arian,-iansuburb-suburbanCanada—Canadian人的-ant,-ent的differ--differentplease--pleasant-ary,-ory的advise--advisorycustom--customary-ateconsider--consideratefortune--fortunate-en的gold--goldenwood--wooden-ese的,人China-ChineseJapan-Japanese-free無(wú)..的care--carefreeduty-duty-free-fulcare--carefulpain--painful-ic,-ical的atom—atomic原子的psychology—psychological心理學(xué)的-ish的girl--girlish女孩子(似)的，少女的child--childish孩子的，孩子氣的，孩子所特有的-ivecreate--creative創(chuàng)造性的，有創(chuàng)造力的support--supportive支持的，擁護(hù)的；贊助的-less無(wú)???的hope--hopeless不抱希望的，絕望的pain--painless-likechild--childlike孩子似的，天真爛漫的lady--ladylike風(fēng)度雍容如貴婦的，溫雅的-ly的man—manly剛強(qiáng)的month-monthly一月的月刊-ous,-ious的danger--dangerouspoison--poisonous-sometire--tiresome令人生厭的trouble--troublesome引起麻煩的，令人討厭的，令人煩惱的-ward向…的down-downward向下的,往下的up--upwardy的guilt-guilty內(nèi)疚的；有罪的noise-noisy嘈雜的；喧鬧的(4)副詞后綴lyeasy-easily容易地，不費(fèi)力地heavy-heavily嚴(yán)重地；大量地ward,-wardseast-eastward(s)向東north-northward(s)-wiseclock-clockwise順時(shí)針方向的other-otherwise除此之外，否貝U、部分國(guó)家(或地區(qū))、語(yǔ)言、國(guó)名及國(guó)籍表國(guó)家(或地區(qū))語(yǔ)百國(guó)民 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beforeChrist 公元前BS, BScBachelorofScience理科學(xué)士C°Centigrade攝氏度cccubiccentimeter立方厘米CDcompactdisk光盤，激光唱片cf.confer(=compare)試比較；參看cmcentimeterCocompany公司c/ocareof由?一轉(zhuǎn)交pare比較dept.,Dept.Depar