全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考英語(yǔ)試卷（新課標(biāo)Ⅰ）（解析版）

2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)卷D

英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍O例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。Wherearethespeakers?A.Ataswimmingpool. B.Inaclothingshop. C.Ataschoollab.【答案】B【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。.WhatwillTomdonext?A.Turndownthemusic. B.Postponetheshow. C.Stoppracticing.【答案】C【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。.Whatisthewomanbusydoing?AWorkingonapaper.Tidyinguptheoffice.Organizingaparty.【答案】C【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略.WhenwillHenrystarthisvacation?A.Thisweekend. B.Nextweek. C.AttheendofAugust.【答案】A【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。WhatdoesDonnaoffertodoforBill?A.Bookaflightforhim. B.Drivehimtotheairport. C.Helphimparkthecar.【答案】B【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題L5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。WhydocsPetecallLucy?A.Tosaythathe'llbelate. B.Totellherabouthiswork. C.Toinvitehertodinner.WhenisPetegoingtoseeLucy?A.Al6:00pm. B.At6:45pm. C.At8:00pm.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。WhydoesCathywanttoquitherjob?She'lljoinanotherfirm.She'llrunherownbusiness.

She'sfedupwithit.WhatisMark'sattitudetowardsCathy'sdecision?C.Supportive.C.Recommendanengineer.A.Forgiving. C.Supportive.C.Recommendanengineer.WhatmightCathydoforthepresentcompany?A.Applyforaproject. B.Trainanewperson.【答案】8.A9,C10.B【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)卜面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以卜.小題。Howdidthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?Greatlyencouraged.Abitdissatisfied.Terriblydisappointed.Whatdidthemansayhelpedhimovercometheproblem?Patience.Luck.Determination.Whatisthewomandoing?Conductinganinterview.Holdingapressconference.Hostingaceremony.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。Whatisnexttotheapartmentbuilding?Arestaurant.Alaundry.Agrocerystore.Whichisincludedintherent?Electricity.TheInternet.SatelliteTV.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheapartment?It'squitelarge.It'swellfurnished.It'sworththemoney.【答案】14.C15.A16.C【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略C聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。WhereisJefffrom?Liverpool.Coventry.Newcastle.WheredoyoungmengotowatchbiggamesaccordingtoJeff?Pubs.Stadiums.Friends'homes.WhydoesJeffhavetopickateamtosupport?Toavoidbeingbothered.Toopenaconversation.Toearnrespcclfromothers.WhatdoesJeffmainlytalkabout?England'smomentofsuccess.Englishflagasasymbolofhope.England'sall-timefavouritesport.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.C【解析】【原文】本題為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty(失物招領(lǐng))CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.TliclostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocatcd({iT)atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable,B.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleaseQueenslandRailon131617.Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22amWhatwouldyoudogettickerinformation?

A.Call1A.Call131617.C.Askatthelocalstation. D.Checkthetrainschedule.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A. Altandi. B.RomaStreet. C.VarsityLakes. D. FortitudeValley.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A. 6:42pm. B.7:29pm. C.8:57pm. D. 11:02pm.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些火車(chē)信息，包括失物招領(lǐng)、公共假期安排以及列車(chē)出發(fā)時(shí)間等信息【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Forticketinformation,pleaseaskyourlocalstationorcall131230.可知查詢(xún)車(chē)票信息，請(qǐng)向您當(dāng)?shù)氐能?chē)站詢(xún)問(wèn)或撥打131230。由此可知，你可以詢(xún)問(wèn)當(dāng)?shù)剀?chē)站或撥打131230來(lái)獲得車(chē)票信息。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解即。根據(jù)Losiproperty部分中ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandis located at Roma Streetslalion.可知失物招領(lǐng)處周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:0()營(yíng)業(yè)，位于羅馬街車(chē)站。由此可知，在RomaStreet你可以找到失物招領(lǐng)辦公室。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Guardian trans部分中信息，可知從起始地Centra咄發(fā)，開(kāi)往目的地VarsityLakes的火車(chē)是下午7:29開(kāi)車(chē)。由此可知，如果你要從Ccnlral去往VarsilyLakes,你應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐下午7:29的火車(chē)。故選B。BReturningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There'sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Tlicbeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It*strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.It'saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow.becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisErnestHemningway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileIlendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtoihemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor^workisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksarctheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.Whydocstheauthorlikerereading?Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.It'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?It'sabriefaccountofatrip.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.I）.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.Whaldoestheunderlinedword"currency"inparagraph4referto?DebtReward.Allowance.Facevalue.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?Helovespoetry.He'saneditor.He'sveryambitious.Heteachesreading.【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書(shū)。作者鼓勵(lì)讀者去重新閱讀書(shū)籍?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題根據(jù)第一段最后兩句"Buibooksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereading so rich andtransformative（但是書(shū)沒(méi)變，人變了°那就是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處）”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themore I feel time haswings.（重新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀(jì)越大，就越覺(jué)得時(shí)光飛逝。廠可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因?yàn)橹匦麻喿x可以擴(kuò)展對(duì)自己的理解，故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParisJ及“anagingwriterlooking back on an ambitious yet simplertime”可知，這本書(shū)出版于1964年，這是他關(guān)于20世紀(jì)20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時(shí)對(duì)那些野心勃勃卻更簡(jiǎn)單的日子的回顧°由此可判斷出AMovableFeast是關(guān)于海明威年輕時(shí)的生活。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“while moneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,（雖然金錢(qián)確實(shí)是美妙而必要的）”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境可推知，"rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意為“但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報(bào)”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報(bào)工故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.（第三本書(shū)是胡里奧?科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城：詩(shī)歌精選》，因?yàn)樵?shī)歌戶可知，作者是由于喜歡詩(shī)歌而喜歡這本書(shū)。故選A項(xiàng)。CRacewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithninning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdocs,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilomctcrracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker,skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸）withthegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likeninning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldbumabout800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldbumwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablybumabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes.Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,arcuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangefbnndoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?Theymustrunlongdistances.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?It'smorepopularattheOlympics.Il'slesschallengingphysically.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?Gettingexperts'opinions.Havingamedicalcheckup.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.Doingregularexercises.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.C.Tolerant.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了競(jìng)走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是之前受過(guò)傷的人，要想從事這樣運(yùn)動(dòng)要謹(jǐn)慎，最好咨詢(xún)專(zhuān)家的建議?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段0Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostoftheleg swingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)則要求競(jìng)走者的膝蓋在擺動(dòng)腿的大部分時(shí)間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員是需要具備某些條件的運(yùn)動(dòng)員是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)員需要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選C項(xiàng)【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasmnner'sknee, are uncommon among racewalkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競(jìng)走者中并不常見(jiàn)。由此可知，競(jìng)走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢(shì)是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr.Norberg說(shuō)的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique（事實(shí)上，任何想嘗試競(jìng)走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢(xún)教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记伞艨芍?，Dr.Norberg建議想會(huì)試競(jìng)走的人征詢(xún)專(zhuān)家的建議。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題,根據(jù)第?段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithninning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem”可知，研究表明，競(jìng)走和跑步樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過(guò)，它也有自己的問(wèn)題°由此判斷出作者對(duì)于競(jìng)走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。DTlicconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenihcsubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefbundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown?Ohio?forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother*employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,MexplainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightf（）rthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight*aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,hefuture?theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersourcc（電源）?suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?Anewstudyofdiflercntplants.Abigtallincrimerates.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.Benefitsfromgreenplants.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?Todetectplants'lackofwaterTochangecompositionsofplantsTomakethelifeofplantslonger.Totestchemicalsinplants.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Canwcgrowmoreglowingplants?Howdowelivewithglowingplants?Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了綠色植物對(duì)人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開(kāi)發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過(guò)程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來(lái)發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,fbrexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces were decorated withhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城南綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)員工的工作場(chǎng)所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時(shí)，他們的工作效率會(huì)提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetect harmfill chemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來(lái)顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有種植物可以檢測(cè)到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測(cè)植物缺水的情況。故選A。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy,可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離,從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在未來(lái)可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后?段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersourcc-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelp saveenergy,可知照明約占美國(guó)總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)高電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離.在傳輸過(guò)程中會(huì)損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了綠色植物對(duì)人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開(kāi)發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過(guò)程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來(lái)發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantittoacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.Forgiveyourselffbrmistakesthatyouhavemade.Wcarcoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.38Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate（行同情心）response?”Thatdidn'tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.0?Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Write（hemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookalstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39Nowthatyou'velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Tumthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfecigoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself40Tumtoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?Feelingupsetagain?Wheredoyoustart?Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.Remember,youareonlyhuman.Setanintentionfbrsciracccptancc.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【答案】36.B37.F38.D39.C40.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文.文章介紹了幾個(gè)自我接納的小技巧?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)題目AFewTipstorSelf-acceptance（自我接納的幾點(diǎn)建議）及卜文的Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection」這有很多可以幫你找到正確方向的方法。）可知,選項(xiàng)B.Wheredoyoustart?（從哪里開(kāi)始那？）最合下文語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyoneinthisworld.（你是否希望最終你會(huì)因?yàn)樽约旱纳畋人麄兊暮枚械接辛α浚恳?，你的生活是你自己的：你在這個(gè)世界上是獨(dú)無(wú)二的。）可知，本段主要講述不要把自己和別人作比較，因?yàn)樯钍俏覀冏约旱?，我們也是世界上?dú)一無(wú)二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself withothers.（停止把自己和別人進(jìn)行比較。）可以作為本段中心句，故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本文的中心句Forgiveyourselffbrmistakesthatyouhavemade.（原諒自己所犯的錯(cuò)誤。）及下文的Youwill make mistakes. time and time again.（你會(huì)一次又一次地犯錯(cuò)誤。）可知，本句是在說(shuō)明要講自己看作一個(gè)普通人，普通人是會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的。選項(xiàng)D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.（記住，你只是個(gè)人。）與上下文銜接最好，故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutof bedtoday.（列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位，今天你拜托了困境。）可知，這些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得慶祝，即沒(méi)有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】結(jié)合上文Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.（用語(yǔ)言來(lái)解釋為什么你覺(jué)得自己不值得，為什么你覺(jué)得自己不夠好。現(xiàn)在，自己讀一下這些話。）和下文的Tumtoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouarc?（翻到你日記本上記下你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和成就的那頁(yè)。看到你有多棒了嗎？）可推知本句是在說(shuō)明“再次感到心煩意亂”的情況。選項(xiàng)A.Feelingupsetagain?（再次感覺(jué)心煩意亂了嗎？）最合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題：每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.The41 isobvious.Ifwe 42itisadoor,they'llwanttogooutside43 .Itwilldriveuscrazy.Thekidsapparentlyknowthe44 .Butourinsistingit's45awindowhaskeptthemfrom46millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.Ihatelyingtothekids.Onedaythey'll47anddiscoverthateverythingthey'vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48 .1wonderif49shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.Ihaveaverystrong51thattheliewe'retellingisdoing52damagetoourchildren.Windowsanddoorshave53mclaphoricaK比喻）meanings.I'mtellingthemtheycan'topenwhattheyabsolutelyknowisadoor.Whatiflaterin54theycometoametaphoricaldoor,likeanopportunity（機(jī)會(huì)）ofsomesort,and55openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity,theyjust56itandwonder,"Whatifitisn'tadoor?HThatis,"Whatifitisn'ta57opportunity?MMaybeit'sanunreasonablefear.Butthe58isthatIshouldn'tlietomykids.Ishouldjust59repeatedlyhavingtosay,"No.Wecan'tgooutsidenow.**Thenwhentheycometootherdoorsinlife,betheyrealormetaphorical,theywon't60toopenthemandwalkthrough.41.A.reliefB.targetC.reasonD.case42.A.admitB.believeC.meanD.realize43.A.graduallyB.constantlyC.temporarilyD.casually44.A.resultB.dangerC.methodD.truth45.A,merelyB.slightlyC.hardlyD.partly46.A.reviewingB.approvingC.receivingD.attempting47.A.winoutB.giveupC.wakeupD.standout48.A.dreamB.lieC.fantasyD.fact49.A.parentsB.twinsC.colleaguesD.teachers50.A.restrictionsB.explanationsC.differencesD.consequences51.A.demandB.fearC.desireD.doubt52.A.physicalB.biologicalC.spiritualD.behavioral53.A.traditionalB.importantC.doubleD.original54.A.lifeB.timeC.replyD.history55.A.bycomparisonwithB.inadditiontoC.regardlessofD.insteadof56.A.getholdofB.stareatC.knockonD.makeuseof57.A.realB.TypicalC.similarD.limited58.A.safetyruleB.comfbrtzoneC.bottomlineD.topsecret59.A.delayB.regretC.enjoyD.accept60.A.hurryB.decideC.hesitateD.intend【答案】41.C42.A43.B44.D45.A46.D47.C48.B49.A50.D51.B52.C53.B54.A55.D56.B57.A58.C59.D60.C【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者以現(xiàn)實(shí)中的門(mén)，引申出生活中的“門(mén)”，從而探討了一種教育理念。作者認(rèn)為家長(zhǎng)們不要害怕告訴孩子們真相，這樣，孩子們才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各種“進(jìn)退兩難”所困擾，從而抓住機(jī)遇，勇往直前?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：原因是明顯的。A.relie修慰： B.target目標(biāo)：C.reason原因：D.case情況。根據(jù)下文If we42itisadoor,they'llwanttogooutside用.可知這里作者在解祥把門(mén)說(shuō)成窗戶的原因。所以這里意思是“原因是明顯的”。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們承認(rèn)它是?扇門(mén)，他們就會(huì)不斷地想出去。A.admit承認(rèn)；B.believe相信：C. mean意味著；D. realize意識(shí)到。下文lhey'11 wanttogooutside且.說(shuō)他們就會(huì)經(jīng)常想出去，那必然是作者承認(rèn)了它是一扇門(mén)。故選A.【43題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們承認(rèn)它是扇門(mén)，他們就會(huì)不斷地想出去.A.gradually逐步地：B.constantly不斷地:Ctemporarily臨時(shí)地:Dcasually隨便地。根據(jù)下文Ishouldjust59repeatedlyhavingtosay,"No.Wecan'tgooutsidenow."可推測(cè)出，孩子們會(huì)不斷地想出去。故選B。【44題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們顯然知道這個(gè)真相。A.result結(jié)果；B.danger危險(xiǎn)；C.method方法；D.truth真相。下文Butourinsistingit's45awindowhaskeptthemfrom46millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.說(shuō)阻止了他們無(wú)數(shù)次要求打開(kāi)這扇門(mén)的嘗試，和下文的1 hatelyingtothekids.可知孩子們是知道真相的。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我們堅(jiān)持說(shuō)它只不過(guò)是扇窗戶，阻止了他們無(wú)數(shù)次要求打開(kāi)這扇門(mén)的嘗試。A. merely只不過(guò)：B. slightly輕微地；C. hardly幾乎不；D.partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子們，所以輕描淡寫(xiě)地說(shuō)，它不過(guò)是一扇窗戶而已.故選A。【46題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我們堅(jiān)持說(shuō)它只是一扇窗戶，阻止了他們無(wú)數(shù)次要求打開(kāi)這扇門(mén)的嘗試。A.reviewing回顧:B.approving贊成：C.receiving收到:D.attempting嘗試。根據(jù)millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor可知孩子們是想嘗試打開(kāi)門(mén)。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有一天，他們會(huì)開(kāi)始了解真相，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)，一直以來(lái)，他們所知道的關(guān)于窗戶的一切，是一個(gè)謊言。A.winout最后獲得成功：B.giveup放棄：C.wakeup開(kāi)始了解真相：D.standout站出來(lái)。根據(jù)anddiscoverthateverythingthey'vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa駕可知有一天，孩子們會(huì)開(kāi)始了解真相。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，他們會(huì)開(kāi)始了解真相，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)，一直以來(lái)，他們所知道的關(guān)于窗戶的一切，是一個(gè)謊言。A.drcam夢(mèng)想：B.lie謊言：Cfantasy幻想；D.fhet事實(shí)。根據(jù)Ihatelyingtothekids.以及結(jié)合前文作者把門(mén)說(shuō)成窗戶，可知這里意思是他們所知道的關(guān)于窗戶的?切，是?個(gè)謊言.故選B=【49題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否應(yīng)該說(shuō)出真相，無(wú)論結(jié)果如何。A. parents父母：B.twins雙胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老師。根據(jù)下文to ourchildren,可知這里意思是作者想知道父母是否應(yīng)該說(shuō)出真相。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否應(yīng)該說(shuō)出真相，無(wú)論結(jié)果如何。A. restrictions限制；B.explanations解釋?zhuān)籆. differences差異；D. consequences結(jié)果。根據(jù)lhey'11 wanttogooutsider.可知一旦我說(shuō)出真相，孩子們就總想著打開(kāi)門(mén)出去，這是一種說(shuō)出真相的“后果”。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我有一種強(qiáng)烈的害怕，害怕我們正在說(shuō)的謊言會(huì)對(duì)孩子們?cè)斐尚撵`上的傷害。A.demand要求：B.fear害怕：C.desire欲望:D.doubt懷疑。根據(jù)thattheliewe'retellingisdoing52damagetoourchildren.-fflMaybeit'sanunreasonablefear.可知這是讓我強(qiáng)烈害怕的事情。故選B?！?2題詳解】考杳形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我有一種強(qiáng)烈的害怕，害怕我們正在說(shuō)的謊言會(huì)對(duì)孩子們?cè)斐尚撵`上的傷害oA. physical身體的：B biological生物的：C. spiritual心靈的；D.behavioral行為的。下文說(shuō)家長(zhǎng)們的撒謊行為會(huì)讓孩子們面對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)，猶償不前。由此可知，這是對(duì)孩子們心靈上造成了傷害。故選C。【53題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：窗戶和門(mén)有理要的比喻意義。A.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；B.important重要的；C.double雙重的:D.original原來(lái)的。下文說(shuō)假如他們將來(lái)在生活中遇到比喻的門(mén)，將會(huì)怎么樣，就像某種機(jī)會(huì)，他們不是打開(kāi)門(mén)，抓住機(jī)會(huì)，而是凝視著它，想知道“假如它不是一扇門(mén)，將會(huì)怎么樣”。由此可知，窗戶和門(mén)的比喻意義是非常重要的。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：假如他們將來(lái)在生活中遇到比喻的門(mén)，將會(huì)怎么樣，就像某種機(jī)會(huì)，他們不是打開(kāi)門(mén)，抓住機(jī)會(huì)，而是凝視著它，想知道“假如它不是一扇|,],將會(huì)怎么樣”。A.li佗生活：B.time時(shí)間：C.reply回答：D.history歷史。根據(jù)Thenwhentheycometootherdoorsinli命可知這里:苣思是在生活中遇到比喻的門(mén)。故選A。【55題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：假如他們將來(lái)在生活中遇到比喻的門(mén)，將會(huì)怎么樣，就像某種機(jī)會(huì)，他們不是打開(kāi)門(mén)，抓住機(jī)會(huì)，而是凝視著它，想知道“假如它不是一扇門(mén)，將會(huì)怎么樣”。A.bycomparisonwith與 相比；B.inadditionto除 之外；C.regardlesso壞管:D.insteadof而不是。對(duì)孩子們?nèi)鲋e，今后，孩子們面對(duì)生活中的“門(mén)”時(shí)，會(huì)觀望，而不是打開(kāi)“門(mén)”。故選D。【56題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：假如他們將來(lái)在生活中遇到比喻的門(mén)，將會(huì)怎么樣，就像某種機(jī)會(huì)，他們不是打開(kāi)門(mén)，抓住機(jī)會(huì)，而是凝視著它，想知道“假如它不是一扇門(mén)，將會(huì)怎么樣”.A.gethold。制?。築.stareat凝視：C.knockon敲擊（門(mén)、窗）：D.makeuseof利用。孩子們遇到機(jī)會(huì)，不是馬上抓住它，而是在考慮很多問(wèn)題。由此可知，孩子們?cè)谀曋皺C(jī)會(huì)”。故選B。【57題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：也就是說(shuō)，假如它不是一個(gè)真的機(jī)會(huì)，將會(huì)怎么樣？A.real真的：B.typical典型的：C.similar相似的：D.limited有限的。孩子們面對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)，猶像不前，是在質(zhì)疑機(jī)會(huì)的真實(shí)性.故選A.【58題詳解】考查名詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：但是，底線是我不應(yīng)該對(duì)我的孩子們?nèi)鲋e。Asa佗“rule安全守則；B.comfortzone舒適帶;C.bottomline底線：D.topsecret絕密的。根據(jù)Ishouldntlietomykids.可知這是我的底線。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我應(yīng)該只是接受重復(fù)的說(shuō)：“不，我們現(xiàn)在不能去外面。"A.delay推遲：B.regret后悔］C.enjoy享受；D.accept接受。當(dāng)我告知孩子們真相時(shí)，我也不得不重且的說(shuō)：“不，我們現(xiàn)在不能去外面?！边@是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)，我只能接受。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，當(dāng)他們遇到生活中的其他“門(mén)”時(shí)，或真實(shí)或比喻，他們將亳不猶像的打開(kāi)它們,然后走過(guò)去。A.hurry匆忙;B.decide決定：C.hesitate猶豫;D.intend打算。根據(jù)andwalkthrough.可知當(dāng)告知孩子們真相時(shí)，孩子們將不再猶像，大踏步向前走。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'c-4probe(探測(cè)器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot 63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形ill),moreso65 thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-4 66(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPolc-Aitkenbasin.”Thisreallyexcitesscientists.°CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct)nDataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.【答案】61.erest65.than66.tofind67.means68.isconstructed69.much70.its【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。中國(guó)成為第個(gè)將航天器降落在月球背面的國(guó)家，文章主要介紹了中國(guó)無(wú)人月球探測(cè)器嫦娥四號(hào)發(fā)射的意義。【61題詳解】.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：無(wú)人月球探測(cè)器嫦娥四號(hào)——名字的靈感來(lái)源于古代的中國(guó)月亮女神——上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastweeknJ■知應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填touched?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：登錄月球的背面是極其有挑戰(zhàn)性的?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~challenging,應(yīng)使用extreme的副詞形式，故填extremely?！?3題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：中國(guó)首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個(gè)點(diǎn)，人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個(gè)點(diǎn)向航天器和地球發(fā)射信號(hào)。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是aspot,關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故鎮(zhèn)where?！?4題詳解】考置名詞。句意：月球背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞，inter?st是不可數(shù)名詞，beofinterest。sb.意為“（某物）使某人感興趣”。故填interest?！?5題詳解】考置介詞。句意：因?yàn)樗仁煜さ囊幻嬗懈嗟纳瞽h(huán)形山。根