河北省衡水市2018屆高三英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí)專題五完形填空議論+說明類專練

專題五《完形填空議論+說明類專練》學(xué)校:考試范圍：xxx;考試時(shí)間：100分鐘；命題人：xxx

姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：學(xué)校:題號(hào)一二總分得分注意事項(xiàng)：1、答題前填寫好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息2、請(qǐng)將答案正確填寫在答題卡上評(píng)卷人得分Inourmodemworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The 1 isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof 2 becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.Howdidwe3athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto4anobjectthantospendlimeandmoneytorepairit.5modemmanufacturing（制造業(yè)）andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsarcplentifuland6 .Anothercauseisour7ofdisposable（——次性的）products.As 8people,wearealwayslooking for 9tosavelime andmakeour liveseasier.Companies10thousands ofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.Ourappetitefornewproductsalso 11totheproblem.Weare 12 buyingnewthings.Advertisements persuade usthat13isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe14usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe 15ofthisthrowawaylifestyle. Mountainsofrubbishjust keepgetting bigger. To 16 theamountof rubbishandtoprotect the17, moregovernments arerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials. 18tthisisnotenoughtosolve（解決）ourproblem.Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions19throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkour

attitudesabout 20 .Repairingourpossessionsandchangingour18.A.However19Aby20.A.spendingB.OtherwiseC.consumers D.brands18.A.However19Aby20.A.spendingB.OtherwiseC.consumers D.brandsC.Therefore D.MeanwhileC.after D.insteadofC.repairing D.advertising1.A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem2.A.giftsB.rubbishC.debtD.products3.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change4.A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw5.A.ThankstoB.AstoC.ExceptforD.Regardlessof6.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful7.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy9.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends10.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve11.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes12.A.tiredofB.addictedto C.worriedabout D.ashamedfor13.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger14.A.pickupB.payforC.holdontoD.throwaway15.A.advantagesB.purposes C.functions D.consequences16.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure17AtechnologyB.environmentB.infavourofB.collectingHowlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive ifheorsheis 2 healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce_3 .Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand 4 die.Eventhoughwecan'tliveforever,wearelivinga 5 lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan（壽命）wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-five maybeout-of-dateasthe6linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledontbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental 7untilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople8childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood9 .Nowthatthechancesofdying10aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The11inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeople

notdisaster,

andyounginfearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomeseemanymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears13ifnotinage.Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthecitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedtoanddevoted.1.A.designed2.A.completely3.A.rapidly4.A.eventually5.A.busierB.selected12arehealthy,stillactive,14ofourolder15 active6.A.finishing7.A.stress8.A.survive9.A.problems10.A.poor11.A.changes12.A.dreamsB.generallyB.harmlesslyB.hopelesslyB.longerB.guidingB.damageB.enjoyB.fearsC.improvedC.apparentlyC.endlesslyC.automaticallyD.discoveredD.extremelyD.separatelyD.desperatelyC.richerC.waitingC.declineD.happierD.dividingD.failure13.A.mindSomepeople

notdisaster,

andyounginfearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomeseemanymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears13ifnotinage.Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthecitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedtoanddevoted.1.A.designed2.A.completely3.A.rapidly4.A.eventually5.A.busierB.selected12arehealthy,stillactive,14ofourolder15 active6.A.finishing7.A.stress8.A.survive9.A.problems10.A.poor11.A.changes12.A.dreamsB.generallyB.harmlesslyB.hopelesslyB.longerB.guidingB.damageB.enjoyB.fearsC.improvedC.apparentlyC.endlesslyC.automaticallyD.discoveredD.extremelyD.separatelyD.desperatelyC.richerC.waitingC.declineD.happierD.dividingD.failure13.A.mind14.A.protection15.A.soundB.youngB.recoveryB.chancesC.rememberC.worriesC.sickD.valueD.diseasesB.appearanceB.suggestionsC.safetyC.strengths

C.voiceD.quietD.increasesD.choicesD.movementC.contributionsD.permissionB.appearC.turnD.stay3、performedthisonaroutine（常規(guī)）basis.atworkinpeopleofallAsamatteroffact,wecansee2 .Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedaboutwiththeirButtheirsoonwearsoffandbynewtoys.

JanuaryAsageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyarethosefullofmonumenttosomeonespet,theirchild time,however,the parents.Adolescentsenterlookingforwardto interest.Whenparentsbringbathesitandbrushesitsfur.Withinashortofcaringfortheanimalishandedovertothehighschoolwithgreat1011homeabutaresoon.Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtocollege.drivesfirstAndthen,howmanytowork,141312,whonowcomplain（抱怨）aboutthedroveforhoursatatimewhenlongtheyusuallyhad15theirdrivertodoalotoflicenses（thosefullofmonumenttosomeonespet,theirchild time,however,the parents.Adolescentsenterlookingforwardto interest.Whenparentsbringbathesitandbrushesitsfur.Withinashortofcaringfortheanimalishandedovertothehighschoolwithgreat1011homeabutaresoon.Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtocollege.drivesfirstAndthen,howmanytowork,141312,whonowcomplain（抱怨）aboutthedroveforhoursatatimewhenlongtheyusuallyhad15theirdrivertodoalotoflicenses（執(zhí)照）？Beforepeopleretire,they1617todowhileworking.Butthings,whichtheynever18afterretirement,thetoyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement.Theworldisstampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasagolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobstheyfornew1920.And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearching1.A.principle2.A.partiesB.habitB.racesthejobstheyfornew1920.And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearching1.A.principle2.A.partiesB.habitB.racesC.wayC.countriesD.powerD.ages3.A.workingB.livingC.playingD.going4.A.confidenceB.interestC.anxiety D.sorrow5.A.sameB.extraC.funnyD.expensive6.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printedC.newly-collectedD.half-filled7.A.broadB.passingC.differentD.main8.A.silentlyB.impatientlyC.gladly D.worriedly9.A.promiseB.burdenC.rightD.game10.A.courageB.calmnessC.confusion D.excitement11.A.graduationB.independenceC.responsibility12.A.childrenB.studentsC.adults D.retirees13.A.carefullyB.eagerlyC.nervously D.bravely14.A.requiredB.obtainedC.noticed D.discovered15.A.needB.learnC.startD.plan16.A.greatB.strangeC.difficultD.correct17.A.timeB.moneyC.skillsD.knowledge18.A.onlyB.wellC.evenD.soon19.A.lostB.choseC.leftD.quit20.A.petsB.toysC.friendsD.colleaguesD.success評(píng)卷人得分4、 InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called"ricebowl"culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,①Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight②(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal③(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,④(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,⑤thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich⑥(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,⑦livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe⑧(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand⑨(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.5、ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat⑩5、Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識(shí)別)thoseof① (great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof②(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow③(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused④ ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive⑤possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent⑥(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks⑦(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor⑧while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice, you'llbelesslikely⑨(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,⑩(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.、 Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuildings,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop①(attract).Soitwasagreathonortobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch, ②(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe③(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback④mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,⑤IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter⑥(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude⑦(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby⑧(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew⑨(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,⑩otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.、Sometimeswehavedisagreementswithpeople.Whenthis①(happen),theimportantthingistotrynottoletacalmdiscussionturnintoaheatedargument.Here②mytipsforyou.The③(one)thingIwouldsayisthatthewayyoubegintheconversationisveryimportant.Imagineyouareastudentandyoushareaflat④anotherstudentwhoyouthinkisn'tdoinghershareofthehousework.Ifyousay,“Look,youneverdoyourshareofthehousework.⑤areyougoingtodoaboutit?”,thediscussionwillverysoonturnintoanargument.It'smuchmore⑥(help)tosaysomethinglike,“Ithinkwehad⑦ haveanotherlookabouthowwedivideupthehousework.Maybethereisabetterwayofdealingwithit. "Mysecondpieceofissimple.Ifyou'rethepersonwhoisinthewrong,justadmitit! Thisistheeasiestandbestwaytoavoidanargument.Justmakeanandmoveon.Theotherpersonwillhavemorerespectforyouthefutureifyoudothat.參考答案：一、完形填空1.答案:1.D;2.B;3.B;4.C;5A6.C;7A8.D;9.A;10.C;11.D;12.B;13.A;14.D;15.D;16.C;17.B;18.A;19.D;20.A解析：1.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】我們不斷丟棄東西 ，然后購買新東西，導(dǎo)致被我們丟棄的垃圾堆積成山。由于受到各種因素的影響我們已處于一個(gè)用完就扔、 一次性的社會(huì)。本文分析了我們成為這樣的一個(gè)社會(huì)的原因，并指出了解決這一問題的措施。后面的表語從句說明的是世界上許多國家所面臨的問題 （problem）,故選D項(xiàng)。.考查名詞辨析。A禮物；B垃圾；C債務(wù)；D產(chǎn)品。句意：因?yàn)槿藗儸F(xiàn)在扔掉很多垃圾，因此,垃圾堆積成了山，故選B。.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:A面對(duì);B變得;C觀察，慶祝;D改變。根據(jù)“firstofall...”可知，這里講的是亂扔垃圾的原因，故選Bo.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A躲藏;B控制;C代替;D撤退，收回。句意：與花時(shí)間和錢修理相比，現(xiàn)在更容易更換物品，故選Co.考查短語辨析。A多虧；B至于；C除了;D不管。句意：多虧了當(dāng)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù)，公司能夠更快地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，成本也降低很多，故選A。.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A顯示，展示;B記錄；C減少;D測量。句意：越來越多的政府要求人們循環(huán)使用物品，這樣做是為了減少垃圾，故選Co.名詞辨析。A技術(shù)；B環(huán)境；C消費(fèi)者；D品牌。要求人們循環(huán)利用也是為了保護(hù)環(huán)境 ，故選B。.考查副詞辨析。A然而；B要不然；C因此；D同時(shí)。句意：然而，只是要求人們循環(huán)利用是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，故選A。.考查介詞辨析。A通過；B支持；C在......之后；D代替，而不是。句意：我們需要修理我們的財(cái)物，而不是扔掉它們，故選Q.由下文中的changingourspendinghabits可知選A。2.答案:1.A;2.D;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.D;7.C;8.A;9.D;10.B;11.A;12.B;13.A;14.C;15.D解析：這篇短文講述的是人的壽命是有限的,但是隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展 ,生活水平的提高,人們的壽命比以前更長了,而且老齡化已經(jīng)成為了社會(huì)的一個(gè)趨勢。我們的社會(huì)需要這些老年人們繼續(xù)保持積極的心態(tài) ,為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。A考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。句意 :大多數(shù)研究年齡的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體被設(shè)計(jì)的不會(huì)活過120歲。designed設(shè)計(jì);selected選擇,挑選;improved提高,改善;discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z句意可知,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)決定了人類最多不會(huì)活過120歲,故應(yīng)選 A。D考查副詞及語境的理解。句意 :然而110歲可能是人們希望能活的最長的壽命 -如果他非常的健康和幸運(yùn)。completely完全地;generally一般地;apparently顯然地;extremely極其,非常。根據(jù)句意可知,如果一個(gè)人非常的健康而且很幸運(yùn) ,人們希望能活到110歲。故選 D。3、C考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：然而我們的細(xì)胞不會(huì)一直無止境的再生。 rapidly快速地;harmlessly無害地；endlessly無止境的separately分離地,分開地。根據(jù)文意可知,因?yàn)槿梭w的細(xì)胞不會(huì)無止境的再生 ,因此人的壽命是有限的。因此應(yīng)選 C。A考查副詞及語境的理解。句意 ：他們（細(xì)胞）慢慢消耗盡 ,結(jié)果我們就會(huì)變老最終死亡。eventually最終;hopelessly沒有希望地 ;automatically自動(dòng)地;desperately絕望地,自暴自棄地。根據(jù)句意可知選 A。B考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意 ：盡管我們不能永久的活著 ,我們的壽命比以前是更長了。busier更忙的;longer更長的;richer更富有的;happier更開心的。根據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容可知,現(xiàn)在人的壽命比以前更長了。故選 B。D考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意 ：作為中年和老年的分界線,65歲可能已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。finishing完成;guiding指導(dǎo),指引;waiting等待;dividing劃分。根據(jù)文意可知,把65歲當(dāng)做中年和老年的分界線 ,這已經(jīng)不適合現(xiàn)在的形勢了。dividingline分界線,故選 D。7、C考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：畢竟，很多老年人直到75歲之后才開始經(jīng)歷身體和精神的衰落。stress壓力,壓迫;damage損壞;decline衰落,衰弱;failure失敗。根據(jù)句意可知,現(xiàn)在很多老年人是在 75歲之后身體和精神才開始衰弱的,故選 C。、A考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。句意 ：現(xiàn)在人們活得更長因?yàn)楦嗟娜藦耐曛行掖嫦聛?。survive幸存;enjoy喜歡,欣賞;remember記得;value價(jià)值,估價(jià)。根據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容和thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetoabetterdietsandhealthcare可知,現(xiàn)在的人平均壽命比以前更長的一個(gè)原因是人們從童年的疾病中幸存了下來 ,故選 A。、D考查名詞及語境的理解。句意 ：在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)改變了自然的法則之前 ,很多孩子死于常見的兒童疾病。problems問題;fears恐懼,害怕;worries擔(dān)心;diseases疾病。根據(jù)句意可知,以前的人們因?yàn)楹芏嗥毡榈膬和膊《?,所以導(dǎo)致平均壽命比較低。故選 D。10、B考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意 ：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了 ，那么活得更長的機(jī)會(huì)就更高了,因?yàn)橛辛烁玫娘嬍澈歪t(yī)學(xué)護(hù)理。poor窮的;young年輕的;sick病的;quiet安靜的。根據(jù)這一段的意思可知,以前人們?cè)谛〉臅r(shí)候就因?yàn)樯∷廊チ?dyingyoung就是年少死去。故選 B。11、A考查名詞及語境的理解。句意 ：人口結(jié)構(gòu)的改變會(huì)對(duì)我們社會(huì)的發(fā)展和我們的生活方式有持續(xù)的影響。changes改變;recovery恢復(fù);safety安全;increases增長,增加。根據(jù)下文中Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswill…可知，我們現(xiàn)在的人口結(jié)構(gòu)改變了 ，故選A。12、B考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：一些人擔(dān)心這個(gè)改變將會(huì)帶來一些壞處 ，然而還有一些人看到的是機(jī)會(huì),而不是災(zāi)難。dreams夢(mèng)想;chances機(jī)會(huì);strengths力量;choices選擇。根據(jù)句意可知,這句話中的while表示對(duì)比,即跟前一種人不一樣的看法 ,故選B。13、A考查名詞及語境的理解。句意 ：現(xiàn)在,很多處在“黃金年齡”的男士和女士,身體都非常健康,仍然積極,心態(tài)也很年輕。mind心態(tài);appearance外表;voice聲音;movement移動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)該是說雖然年齡老了,但是心態(tài)依然年輕 ,故選 A。14、C考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：隨著我們的社會(huì)老齡化，我們需要這些老年公民們的貢獻(xiàn)。protection保護(hù);suggestions建議;contributions貢獻(xiàn);permission允許。根據(jù)文意可知,現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)逐漸老齡化,因此老年人也要繼續(xù)給我們的社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn),故選C。15、D考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。句意：前面還有很長的壽命，他們需要保持積極的心態(tài)和奉獻(xiàn)的精神。sound聽起來;appear好像;出現(xiàn);turn轉(zhuǎn),變成;stay保持。根據(jù)文意可知,現(xiàn)在人們的壽命更長了,因此老年人也要繼續(xù)保持積極心態(tài) ,為我們的社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。故應(yīng)選 D?？键c(diǎn)：社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類短文。答案：1.A;2.D;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.D;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.D;11.A;12.C;13.B;14.B;15.D;16.A;17.A;18.D;19.C;20.B、語法填空答案：and;bemade;tocreate;using;as/when;gradually;who;development;were;with解析：本題主要考查詞法和句法知識(shí) ,集中考查了詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 ,并列句,定語從句