名詞、代詞、動詞課件-高考英語復(fù)習(xí)

名詞、代詞、動詞GuessThisisanoutbreakofdiseasethatstartedinWuHan,oneofthecentralChinesecities.It'scausedbyanovelcoronavirusthatmeansit'sbrand-new.Sonewthatactuallyitdoesn'thaveanameyet.This

isanoutbreakofdisease

that

startedinWuHan,oneofthecentralChinesecities.It'scausedbyanovelcoronavirus

that

meansit'sbrand-new.Sonewthatactuallyitdoesn'thaveanameyet.名詞英語中詞的分類:實詞和虛詞實詞有：名詞、代詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞虛詞有：介詞、連詞、冠詞名詞：用來表示人或物的名稱的詞叫名詞名詞分類：可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞考點一

可數(shù)名詞一、名詞的數(shù)1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化一般在名詞詞尾加-sgirl—girls女孩book—books書籍以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞詞尾加-esbrush—brushes刷子bench—benches長凳以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,改y為i,再加-escity—cities城市l(wèi)ady—ladies女士部分以-f、-fe結(jié)尾的詞,將f或fe改為v,再加-esthief—thieves小偷wife—wives妻子其他以-f結(jié)尾的詞直接加-sgulf—gulfs海灣cliff—cliffs懸崖以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾的詞,一般加-sradio—radios收音機zoo—zoos動物園以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的詞,一般加-eshero—heroes英雄potato—potatoes土豆以-th結(jié)尾的名詞,加-sbath—baths洗澡month—months月份2.名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的不規(guī)則變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese中國人(其他以-ese結(jié)尾的表示某國人的名詞均類似);Swiss瑞士人;deer鹿;means手段、方式;sheep綿羊;spacecraft宇宙飛船;air-craft航空器/飛機;series—series一系列;species—species種類/物種特殊變化的復(fù)數(shù)形式analysis—analyses分析;basis—bases基礎(chǔ);child—children小孩;foot—feet腳;goose—geese鵝;man—men男人;mouse—mice老鼠;ox—oxen公牛,牛;phenomenon—phenomena現(xiàn)象;policeman—police-men警察;tooth—teeth牙;woman—women婦女有些名詞有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式penny便士—pennies(硬幣)/pence(錢數(shù));fish—fish/fishes3、不可數(shù)名詞定義：不可數(shù)名詞是不能夠用數(shù)、而是用量詞來計算的名詞watermilkfoodworkmoneyhomeworkfunweathermusichealthluckadvicebaggagechangefurniturehairknowledgeinformationprogress代詞用法考點二

代詞一、人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞的構(gòu)成人稱代詞種類第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)陽性陰性中性人稱代

詞主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey人稱代

詞賓格meusyouyouhimheritthem數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyoursyourshishers

theirs反身代詞my-selfour-selvesyour-selfyour-selveshim-selfher-selfitselfthem-

selves二、指示代詞this,that,these,those的用法this/these一般指時空上較近的人或物(近指),that/those常指時空上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物(遠(yuǎn)指),在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語等。(1)Thisbuildingwasbuiltlastyear;thatonewasbuiltmanyyearsago.這座建筑物是去年建的,那座是很多年前建的。代詞指代例句it指代前面提到的同一個事物Ican'tfindmybike.Idon'tknowwhereIhaveputit.注意：it,one,ones,theone,theones/those(指示代詞)和that(指示代詞)的區(qū)別onea/an+單數(shù)名詞Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchooseonebasedonyourowninterests.ones零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Mr.Zhanggavememanyvalu-ablepresents,onesthatIhadneverseen.theonethe+單數(shù)名詞Thebookonthedeskisbetterthantheoneunderthedesk.theones/thosethe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthantheones/thoseunderthedesk.that1.the+單數(shù)名詞2.不可數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時)Littlejoycanequalthatofasur-prisingendingwhenyoureadstories.三、相互代詞another,other、theother、others的用法相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系,它所指代的名詞或代詞必須是兩個或者兩個以上,在句中可作賓語、定語等。①Ihavetwobooks:oneisEnglish,andtheotheroneisFrench.②Medicalobservationneedsfourteendays,thenanotherfourteendays.③Amongthosewhohavedied,somesufferedfromheartdisease,otherscancel.四、不定代詞的用法不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語等。不定代詞主要有:all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no以及

some,any,no,every和-thing,-one,-body等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞不定代詞考點：形容詞的位置；定義從句關(guān)系詞詞義指代

都任何一個都不兩個人或物botheitherneither三個或三個以上的人或物;不可數(shù)名詞allanynoneboth,all,either,any,neither,none的區(qū)別五、疑問代詞定義：用來表達(dá)疑問句或構(gòu)成疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞疑問代詞有：whowhichwhatwhosewhom(1)Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheoutbreakofthedisease?(2)Whatarethesymptoms?疑問副詞(3)Wherehavecasesbeenconfirmedsofar?(4)Howseriousisthisoutbreakcomparedtoothersinthepast?動詞用法動詞的分類一、系動詞:用來連接主語和表語,與表語構(gòu)成“系表結(jié)構(gòu)”。分類例詞例句“狀態(tài)”類beHeisagoodman.他是個好人?！俺掷m(xù)”類keep,last,remain,stay,lie,standIhopeyoukeepwell.我希望你保持健康。Theworkremainsunfinished.該工作尚未完成?！八坪酢鳖恠eem,appearItappearsthathelikestheopera.

他似乎喜歡戲劇?！案泄佟鳖恖ook,smell,taste,feel,soundHelooksnervousandapologetic.

他看上去很緊張且有歉意。“變成”類become,grow,go,get,turn,come,fallHebecamefamousasateacher.

他作為一名老師而出名?！白C明”類prove,turnoutThedictionaryprovesveryuse-ful.這本詞典證明非常有用。分類功能be幫助現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(be+doing)幫助過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)(be+done)betododo,does,did幫助動詞原形構(gòu)成疑問句、否定句幫助動詞原形構(gòu)成強調(diào)句用來替代動詞have/has/had構(gòu)成完成體(have/has/haddone)或完成進(jìn)行體(have/has/hadwill,shall/would,should幫助動詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時或過去將來時二、助動詞分類用法句型、例詞及物動詞可直接加賓語及物動詞+賓語及物動詞+雙賓語及物動詞+賓語+賓補不及物動詞不可直接加賓語die,occur,happen(發(fā)生),come等延續(xù)性動詞動作可持續(xù)write,work,carry,repair,live,

study等非延續(xù)性動詞動作不可持續(xù)stop,die,arrive等三、實義動詞：具有實際行為或動作的動詞實義動詞的考點一：動詞的第三人稱形式情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加-seat→eats,rise→rises以s,sh,ch,x,o,z結(jié)尾的動詞加-esdiscuss→discussesteach→teacheswatch---watchesfix---fixesgo--goesdo--doesclose-closes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i再加-escarry→carriesfly→fliesstudy-studiesworry--worries情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加-edpack→packedpass-passed以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變y為-iedcarry→carriedtry-triedempty--emptied以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞雙寫輔音字母加-edplan→planned(見下頁說明）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加-dlike→likedprovide→provided實義動詞的考點二：動詞的過去式、過去分詞構(gòu)成詞匯表中雙寫最后一個輔音字母+ed的單詞有

admitpermitregretchatrotspotfitquitinferreferpreferoccurclapdipdropequipshipshopskipsteptapbegdraghugjogpinplanscanskinnodrobsobcontrol注意：(1)以下單詞是直接加edannoybetraydestroyemployenjoystayplay(2)以y結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則變化詞

fly--flew--flownsay--said--saidpay-paid-paid情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加-ingtry→tryinggo-going以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞雙寫輔音字母加-ingregret→regrettingban→banning以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞去掉e,加-inghate→hatingdate→dating實義動詞的考點三：動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞詞匯表中雙寫最后一個輔音字母+ing的單詞有

beginbidcutdigfitforgetgethitletputrunsetshutsitslipspitsplitswimwinshop注意：(1)以ie結(jié)尾，變ie為y再加--ingdie--dyinglie--lyingtie---tying(2)以e結(jié)尾，直接加--ingsee--seeingflee---fleeing(3)沒有進(jìn)行時的動詞

hatelovenoticepleaselikedare4.情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞的類型(1)只作情態(tài)動詞的有:must,can(could),may(might),oughtto(2)可作情態(tài)動詞也可作實義動詞的有:need,dare(3)可作情態(tài)動詞也可作助動詞的有:shall(should),will(would)(4)具有情態(tài)動詞的某些特征的有:have(had)to,usedto情態(tài)動詞的特征(1)有一定的詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,它們要和行為動詞或連系動詞連用,構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形(2)適用于主語的各種人稱和數(shù)(haveto例外,主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,要用hasto)。直擊高考ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61（be）Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，62sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63（final）beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene64（declare）shehadnoplans65（retire