各個(gè)地方的年俗

各個(gè)地方的年俗京津北京：除夕老理兒一箜筐除夕，我們一群晚輩要叩拜尊長，也叫"辭歲”。OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,weyoungergenerations"kowtowed"totheseniorsshowingrespect.除夕最甜美的記憶與已去世的奶奶有關(guān)。Mylategrandmaremainspartofmybestmemoryforthelastdayofeachlastlunarmonth.小時(shí)候，她總讓我將芝麻秸從院內(nèi)屋門口一直鋪到大門，家人出入，踩踏上面，嗅嗅作響，這叫"踩歲"，寓踩去舊歲迎新歲。Sheaskedmetoputonthegrounddriedsesamestraw,whichwouldstretchacrossthecourtyardfromthehousedoortotheinnergate.Thewholefamilycouldthussteponthecrispystraw,asymbolthatweweresayinggoodbyetotheoldyearandwelcomingintheNewYear.當(dāng)然，除夕的高潮是年夜飯后長輩發(fā)“壓歲錢”！Themostexcitingmomentoftheannualeveningswaswhentheseniorspresented"luckmoney"tothechildrenafterthemidnightsupper.天津：年二十九貼吊錢兒我對于年的記憶，是從年二十九貼“吊錢兒”開始的。Ididn'thaveanyideaoftheSpringFestivalasachilduntilIwasstruckbytheTianjin-stylepaper-cuttingartwork."吊錢兒"貼在窗玻璃或橫棱上，風(fēng)一吹，下面的流蘇就會隨風(fēng)飄舞，意在把祝福、金錢一起吹進(jìn)門窗里。On29thofthelastlunarmonth,myfamilymemberspastedonwindowsorwindowframesthepaper-cuts,thelowerpartsofwhich-liketassels-wouldwaveinthewindandthussendoutthemessagethatthewindwasblowingingoodwishesaswellasmoney.初五之前，每天睜開雙眼，最先看到的就是這些花花綠綠的吊錢兒，這就是年的感覺！Overthenextfewdaysuntilthe5thdayofthefirstlunarmonth,thesecolorfulpaper-cutswouldalwaysbethefirstthingIsawasIwokeupinthemorning,remindingmetoenjoythehappyfestival.民俗津味民俗的首個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞就是吊錢兒。吊錢兒，源于剪紙藝術(shù)，用一張長方形的紅紙剪成花紋圖案，并寫有"恭喜發(fā)財(cái)”之類的吉祥語，其下部形似流蘇。吊錢兒與"掉錢"諧音，寄托了人們希望來年財(cái)源滾滾的愿望。山東煙臺：供奉豬頭祭祀海神姥姥的娘家是漁民，在煙臺。MygrandmagrewupinafishingvillageinYantai.去年正月十三回去剛好趕上漁燈節(jié)祭海神，每家都開著小皮卡前往海邊，車頭放著豬頭或是自家打的最大的魚，車上還載著用紅木食盒裝好的各色祭品及鞭炮。IhappenedtowitnessthelocalFishingLanternFestival—aritualforseagods—whenIvisitedthevillagelastSpringFestival.Onthe13thdayofthe1stlunarmonth,eachfamilydroveacompactpickuploadedwithsacrificesandfirecrackerstowardtheseaside.Themajorsacrificialoffering,usuallyapig'sheadorthelargestfishtheyhadeverfished,wasplacedonthefrontofthetruck.Othersacrificeswereputinsidearedwoodenbox.到了海邊，各家敲鑼打鼓，把祭品抬上船頭，放起鞭炮，向海神祈禱來年風(fēng)調(diào)雨順。Attheseaside,eachfamilywouldcarrythesacrificestothebowoftheirboatwhilebeatingdrumsandgongs.Withthefirecrackersexploding,fishermenprayedtotheseagodsforgoodluckintheyearahead.民俗“漁燈節(jié)”是山東沿海漁民特有的海神祭祀活動，距今已有500多年的歷史，流傳于初旺、產(chǎn)洋、八角等十幾個(gè)漁村，現(xiàn)為國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)?！皾O燈節(jié)”期間，漁民除了祭祀海神外，還會在廟前搭臺唱戲，在港口碼頭舉行扭秧歌、舞龍等活動。新泰：提前攤煎餅備年味我家在泰安新泰，農(nóng)歷11月份就開始攤煎餅備年了。MyhometownwaslocatedinXintai,Tai'an,inShandong.Itwas2monthsbeforetheLunarNewYearthatpeopletherebeganpreparingfoodforthefestivalbymakingpancakes,alocalstaple.煎餅是我們那里的主食，它真是神奇的食品，保存一兩個(gè)月也照樣好吃。Ihavetosaythepancakeswerequiteamazing,becausetheyremainedtastyeveniftheyhadbeenkeptfor1or2months.進(jìn)入臘月，各家開始磨面磨米蒸饅頭。Inthelastlunarmonth,thelocalhouseholdsbeganmakingsteamedbreadaftermillingflourandrice.家里養(yǎng)牲畜的，還會殺豬宰羊，然后給親戚朋友分一分。Somefamilieswouldbutchertheirlivestockandthenpresenttheporkorlambtotheirfriendsandrelativesasagift.山西大鎮(zhèn)：生旺火預(yù)旺氣沖天生旺火是最具我們雁北特色的春節(jié)習(xí)俗。Makinga"flourishingfire"isaSpringFestivalcustomtypicallyrepresentingthoselivinginnorthoftheYanmenguaninShanxi.每逢春節(jié)，每家都要在院里用煤炭壘一個(gè)中空塔狀結(jié)構(gòu)的“旺火"，碳量至少要保證從三十晚上燃到初一，當(dāng)然誰家旺火壘得結(jié)構(gòu)越好，就會燒得越久越旺，便預(yù)示著來年運(yùn)氣越好。Eachfamilywouldpileupahollowtowermadeofcoalintheyard,daysbeforetheannualSpringFestival.TheamountofcoalwassupposedtoguaranteethefirewouldlastfromtheLunarNewYear'sEvetothefirstdayoftheLunarNewYear.Thelongerthefirelasted,theluckieritwaspredictedthatthefamilywouldbeinthecomingyear.冬夜，全家老小圍著烤旺火，說說當(dāng)年的趣事和來年的愿望，扔一些糖果到旺火里，給旺氣加些甜蜜，或者就著旺火烤個(gè)饃烤個(gè)山藥蛋，哈哈，幸福之極！Itwashappyenoughonacoldnighttohavethewholefamilysittingtogetherarounda"flourishingfire",recallingfunnyanecdotesfromthepastyearandmakingwishesfortheyearahead.Andweoccasionallyflungsomecandiesontothefire-inthehopeofmakingthefiresweeter-orroastedonthefiresomesteamedbreadandyams.Itwasthehappiestlifeimaginable.民俗山西盛產(chǎn)煤，煤的作用遠(yuǎn)在古代就已滲透到風(fēng)俗民情之中，其中生旺火就是山西北部地區(qū)的一種風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。如今，當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬粌H過年生旺火，遇到婚喪或重大節(jié)日時(shí)都會生旺火。據(jù)稱，為了達(dá)到一年勝似一年的寓意，壘砌旺火要求逐年增高。黑龍江齊齊哈爾：吃餃子找硬幣記憶中，每個(gè)除夕我都會和爺爺奶奶及爸媽一起守歲，爸爸說，晚輩堅(jiān)持這一傳統(tǒng)，可以延長爺爺奶奶的壽命。Ididn'tspendaSpringFestivalEvewithoutstayingupwithbothmyparentsandgrandparents.FathersaidmygrandparentswouldlivealonglifeiftheyoungergenerationsinsistedonthepracticeofsittingupfortheLunarNewYear.零點(diǎn)時(shí)分，我們?nèi)視黄鸪燥溩?，其中一個(gè)餃子里包裹了硬幣，寓來年鴻運(yùn)當(dāng)頭，不管誰吃到它，全家人都會很高興！Atmidnight,thewholefamilywouldeatdumplings,oneofwhichalwayshadawrappedcoininside,thussymbolizinggoodluckinthecomingyear.Thewholefamilymemberswouldrejoiceinthehappiness,nomatterwhogottheonlymoney-dumpling.民俗

在北方，家家戶戶過年都要吃餃子，不過，餃子里有關(guān)寓意幸福的學(xué)問大著呢！比如，有的地方會在餃子里放硬幣，寓財(cái)源滾滾；有的地方放花生米，寓一生幸福；有的地方放魚肉，寓年年有余；有的地方放面條，寓長命百歲。牡丹江：粘豆包包裹幸福我家在東北農(nóng)村，臘八節(jié)媽媽通常做粘豆包。Iwasborninanortheasternvillage.MymotherwasalwaysmakingglutinoussteamedbunsstuffedwithsweetenedredbeansduringtheLabaFestival,whichfallsonthe8thdayofthelastlunarmonth.白的粘玉米粉，黃的大黃米粉，紅豆沙餡，香濃的玫瑰醬(用野玫瑰花的花瓣和白砂糖腌制)。Thewhitebunsweremadefromwhiteglutinousmilledcorn,whiletheyellowbunsweremadefrommilledmillet.Thestuffinginsideconsistedofredbeansandwildrosemixedwithwhitesugar.媽媽將豆包包好、碼放在案板上，放到室外凍得杠杠的，一個(gè)個(gè)敲下來包裝好，放進(jìn)院子里面的儲物缸，要吃時(shí)拿出來一蒸，哈哈，想想都流口水。Motherputtheuncookedstuffedbunsontothechoppingboard,andthenplacedthemoutsidetofreeze.Thefrozenbunswouldbewrappedupandputintoajarintheyard.Westeamedthefrozenbunswheneverwewantedtoeatthemhot.MymouthstillwaterswhenIthinkofthis.陜甘寶雞：供糖瓜粘祭灶君爺我的家鄉(xiāng)在陜西寶雞，俗話說”過了臘八就是年"，所以臘八吃過臘八粥后，我們就開始打掃屋子。MyhometownwaslocatedinBaoji,Shaanxi.MyfamilymembersbegancleaningthehouseaftereatingthetraditionalporridgeontheLabaFestival(the8thdayofthelastlunarmonth),astheoldsayinggoesthattheSpringFestivalessentiallycomesafterLaba.農(nóng)村也要在臘月二十三備糖瓜粘等祭品,子的饃饃，祭拜祖先。恭送灶王爺上天；年二十九前蒸老鼠樣農(nóng)村也要在臘月二十三備糖瓜粘等祭品,子的饃饃，祭拜祖先。恭送灶王爺上天；年二十九前蒸老鼠樣Inruralareas,peoplewouldpreparesacrificesincludingsweetstickysnacksonthe23rddayofthelastlunarmonth,thedaytheybelievedtheKitchenGodwouldreportonworldlyissuestotheHeavenlyGodfather.Andpriortothe29thday,eachhouseholdwouldmakesteamedbunsintheformofrats,whichwereusedtoworshipancestors.蘭州：社火鬧春鼓舞太平我們有鬧社火的習(xí)俗，如太平鼓、跑旱船、花擔(dān)子等都是極具特色的社火節(jié)目。WehadtraditionallocalSpringFestivalcelebrationscalledShehuoshows,whichincludedtheTaiping(Peace)DrumDancing,boatdancesandbridalsedanchairlifting.我想著重講下太平鼓，它如今已成為蘭州的一張文化名片。I'dliketodwellontheTaipingDrumDancing,andithasalreadybecomeaculturaliconembodyingLanzhou.春節(jié)期間，蘭州市各縣區(qū)的太平鼓代表隊(duì)都會齊聚省城，盛裝演出。鼓手們整齊劃一地?fù)]動著鼓鞭擊打鼓面，鼓聲驚天動地。DuringtheSpringFestival,drumdancersrepresentingdifferingcountieswouldassembleinLanzhou.DressedinSundayclothes,theybeatthedrumsinperfectunison.老人們說，太平鼓能驅(qū)邪并保天下太平。Theelderssaidthedrumswerebeatenloudlyenoughtowardoffevilandprotecttheworldinpeace.浙江紹興：初一乘船去拜年在我印象中，過年最特別的有兩件事：一是每年除夕晚上，我們都要準(zhǔn)備一桌菜，點(diǎn)燃紅蠟燭來祭拜祖先。AsfarasIremember,itiscustomaryforustoworshipourancestorsonLunarNewYear'sEvebyofferingamulti-dishdinnerandburningredcandles.還有一件特別的事是大年初一那天，我們乘船去舅爺家拜年。紹興是一座水鄉(xiāng)，船是很重要的交通工具，乘著叔叔的船，看著沿途的風(fēng)景，別有一番風(fēng)味。Onthenextday,wewouldvisitourgrandunclebyboat,sinceShaoxing,theCityofBoats,isknownforitsnumerouswaterways.Floatingonmyuncle'sboatdownthescenicriverwassimplywonderful.民俗在浙江，最有特色的民俗活動之一，要數(shù)紹興的“祝?！绷恕Ｗ８?，俗稱”請大菩薩”,起源于宋元時(shí)期。每年農(nóng)歷廿三到廿八之間，人們會選擇“宜祭祀”的日子，舉行年終最隆重的祝福大典，祈求來年風(fēng)調(diào)雨順、國泰民安。祝福之前，必須把廳堂、祭桌、祭器等憚掃、洗刷得干干凈凈?！拔迳６Y”煮好后，盛放在木制的朱漆大盤里。男丁按輩份行三跪九叩大禮，婦女和個(gè)別忌生肖的男丁都要回避。當(dāng)然，江南的春節(jié)也少不了溫婉的粼粼水聲。東湖的"烏篷社戲”一直被視為最具江南味的亮點(diǎn)。正月里，坐在悠然漂浮于東湖之上的烏篷里，觀一眼水石盛景，聽一曲水鄉(xiāng)社戲，品一口黃酒，最能體驗(yàn)地道的水鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)情。臺州：美味粽子待賓客我的家鄉(xiāng)在浙江臺州的一個(gè)小鄉(xiāng)村，每年過年前，村里的婦女們都要洗粽葉，包粽子。到了過年走親戚的時(shí)候，我們都把粽子拿出來招待客人。大年初一的早飯總是家里的男人熬制美味的五味粥。MyhometownisasmallvillageinTaizhou,Zhejiang.BeforetheSpringFestival,womeninourvillagewouldwashreedleavestomakezongzi,apyramid-shapeddumplingoftenservedtoguestsduringtheholidayperiod.ThebreakfastonLunarNewYear'sDaywouldusuallybe"wuwei"porridge,madebythemeninthefamilyusingschizandraberries.福建閩南：芥菜面線寓福壽在閩南老家，除夕夜，家家戶戶都會做道菜一一“長命菜”。Inmybirthplace-southofFujian-nearlyeveryhouseholdmakesaspecialdishonLunarNewYear'sEveusingmustardleavesasanindicatoroflongevity.長命菜由芥菜做成，切得很長很長，用以祈求健康長壽。Therawvegetableisslicedaslongaspossibletoindicatealong,healthylife.正月初一早晨，每個(gè)人吃一碗面線糊加2個(gè)雞蛋。面線是一種細(xì)長的面食，寓意為“福壽延年”。2個(gè)蛋代表好事成雙，寓意好運(yùn)。OnthemorningofLunarNewYear'sDay,everyoneeatsabowlofnoodles(whoselongthinstripssuggestahappy,longlife)withtwoeggs("goodthingscomeinpairs").然后親友互訪，在其家門口，要先放一串鞭炮，再進(jìn)門，代表開門紅！Eachvisitbyrelativesandfriendsismarkedbyanoutdoorfireworksdisplaythoughttobringgoodluckfortheyearahead.民俗對于不少福建人來說，"長命菜”是過年必不可少的一道菜。年三十那天，人們會把雞和豬肉整只、整塊地放進(jìn)鍋中煮。煮熟后，在滾燙的湯中投入洗凈的、經(jīng)霜的又嫩又大的芥菜，芥菜不能切碎，要用文火慢慢煮。當(dāng)芥菜飄香、熱氣騰騰時(shí)就可起鍋。芥菜易活、個(gè)大、粗放。與肉食同煮可盡吸油膩，食之細(xì)嫩滑爽，芳香滋潤?；蛟S"辛苦一年，指望過年”的福建鄉(xiāng)民們，咀嚼甜滑可口的“長命菜"，也就聞到了濃濃的年味，感受到了生活的溫馨，看到了新年的希望。福州：■&國不賺卅暝晡II福州有句老話：”好國不賺卅暝晡”(好孩子不賺大年三十晚上的錢)。ThereisanoldsayinginFuzhou,"AgoodladdoesnobusinessonLunarNewYear'sEve."意指即使遠(yuǎn)行經(jīng)商、打工的福州人，在除夕(卅暝晡)前一定會返家過年，闔家團(tuán)圓。Itmeansthatmigrantbusinessmenandworkers,nomatterhowfarawaytheymayhavetraveled,areexpectedtoreturnhomeandreaffirmthelovethatbindsthemtogetherasafamily.福州人相當(dāng)重視"年飯"，除夕晚不能走家串門，要全家聚在一起，"人不齊不開飯”。FuzhoupeoplevaluethereuniondinnersomuchthattheyrequireallfamilymemberstostayathomeonLunarNewYear'sEve,andthedinnerisnotserveduntileveryoneispresent.兩湖兩湖：豬頭湯澆水果樹小時(shí)候生活在湖南湖北交界地方，過年時(shí)要燉整個(gè)豬頭，還要用燉的湯澆水果樹，口中念念有詞，明年多長大水果。InmyearlyyearslivingneartheborderbetweenHunanandHubei,wewouldmakeNewYear'sstewsusingawholepig'shead.Theliquidfromthestewswasusedtowaterfruittreesandwewouldsayaprayer:"Growlotsofbigfruitsnextyear!"團(tuán)年飯一定要十大碗菜以上，吃不完的留到正月吃。Thereuniondinnerconsistedofmorethan10coursesandcouldlastusfordays.吃完年飯就是小朋友放鞭炮、串門時(shí)間了，還有蓮花鬧、魚骨筒，現(xiàn)在想起來那才真正有年味！Afterthedinner,childrenwouldenjoyfireworksandrunfromdoortodoortovisitneighbors.TherewerealsoperformancesofLianhuanaooperaandYugutongstorytelling.HowinterestingtheNewYearcelebrationsusedtobe!邵陽：舞龍燈迎新年我老家是湖南邵陽的，以前過年正月的時(shí)候，大家會齊聚一起，拿條長龍到附近村子每戶開門的人家前去舞弄，道個(gè)好，祝個(gè)福，而主人家就會回一些餅啊核耙啊什么的禮物，特別熱鬧，很有過年的氣氛。IwasborninShaoyang,Hunan.Inmymemory,peopleinourvillageusedtoperformthedragondanceduringthefirstlunarmonthoftheNewYear.Happydancersspuntheirwayintohouseholdsinnearbyvillages,extendinggreetingsandwellwishes.Houseownerswouldexpresstheirappreciationbygivingdancersflourorglutinousricecakesinawarmandlivelycelebratorymood.民俗按舊俗，在湖南湘潭一帶，從正月初一到十五，人們會舞龍燈迎接新年。舞龍燈先要"接龍"。即挨家挨戶發(fā)請?zhí)?，凡是接了請?zhí)娜思遥枵呔鸵来芜M(jìn)屋去舞燈以示祝福。起舞時(shí)，鼓起龍隨，燈游龍卷，令人目不暇接。廣東汕頭：歌舞祭祀過大年在我的家鄉(xiāng)一一廣東汕頭農(nóng)村地區(qū)，年節(jié)方式跟北方大相徑庭。ThewaywewelcometheSpringFestivalinruralareasinShantou,Guangdong,isquitedifferentfromNorthChina.每個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村幾乎都有自己的特色：鸚哥舞，獅頭鵝舞，蝶蚣舞，賽大豬等等精彩紛呈。Almosteveryvillagehasitsowninterestingcustoms,suchasaparrotdance,lion-headedgoosedance,centipededanceandpigrace.最令人印象深刻的是“拜老爺”（拜神），幾乎從初一到十五，家鄉(xiāng)都彌漫著燒香祭祀淡淡的檀香味。那時(shí)的回憶幸福、充實(shí)、悠遠(yuǎn)。WhatismostimpressiveistheBuddhaworshipthatlastsfromthefirstdayoftheLunarNewYeartoLanternFestival.Thecelebrationsuffusesmyhometownwiththesmellofsandalwood,creatingahappyandfulfillingmemory.民俗據(jù)資料記載，潮汕地區(qū)極具特色的蝶蚣舞，首創(chuàng)于清光緒年間。藝人們用硬、軟28節(jié)布框制作出可供舞蹈的蝶蚣軀殼，尾部呈剪刀形。表演時(shí)，可登場人數(shù)逾200人。偌大的蝶蚣俯仰穿梭，搖擺自如，氣勢磅礴。"賽大豬”則是一種民間慶豐年的儀式。數(shù)百頭被當(dāng)作供品的肥豬被擺在木架上，一式高昂著頭部，嘴里塞著大桔，張口，作奔躍狀，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去一片雪白，蔚為壯觀。每年賽大豬都會決出最大的一頭，一般都有上千斤左右。清遠(yuǎn)：別致風(fēng)趣‘耕作戲'清遠(yuǎn)的瑤族人過春節(jié)，有一項(xiàng)別致風(fēng)趣的活動"耕作戲"，由一人扮牛，一人扮扶犁的農(nóng)夫，一人扮荷鋤農(nóng)夫，三人載歌載舞。表演完后，青年男女縱情歌舞。TheYaoethnicgrouplivinginQingyuanhasaunique,funnyactivityduringtheSpringFestivalcalled"farmingopera"performedbythreepeople.Onepersonpretendstobeanox,thesecondplaysaploughmanandtheotherplaysafarmerwithahoe.Thethreesinganddance,attractingmoreyoungpeopletojointhem.歌舞中姑娘們?nèi)绻粗幸庵腥耍桶炎约壕睦C制的花帶或自己戴的銀飾，掛在小伙子腰間以示愛慕。Duringtheprocess,ifagirlfallsinlovewithaman,shewouldattachaself-embroideredbeltorasilverornamenttohiswaist.江西贛州：客家美食引垂涎我是客家人，家居客家搖籃一一贛州。IamaHakkapersonlivinginGanzhou,theCradleofHakka.每冬至一過，家家戶戶就開始忙著自制年貨，灌香腸，曬板鴨，蒸魚絲，打年糕，凍米糖，炸印花米果等年味十足的客家風(fēng)味。Soonafterthewintersolsticepasses,householdswouldstartpreparingourspecialcuisinefortheSpringFestival,whichincludessausages,saltedducks,steamedfishslices,glutinousricecakes,candiedricepuffs,anddeep-friedri