機械精度設計與檢測基礎

COMPREHENSIVECHINESE-ENGLISHDICTIONARYForMechanicalPrecisionDesignandVerificationBasic機械精度設計與檢測根底漢英綜合詞匯楊青編著西北農林科技大學機械與電子工程學院2007年3月專業(yè)英語是高等院校學生必須掌握的根本知識和技能。為了適應雙語教學的需要，使學生在學習專業(yè)知識的同時，熟悉和掌握相關專業(yè)的英語詞匯，培養(yǎng)學生較熟練地應用英語的能力，提高專業(yè)英語的水平，為今后從事相關專業(yè)的工作奠定一定根底，特編撰本“漢英綜合詞匯〞輔助教材。本教材根據(jù)“機械精度設計與檢測根底〞課程的主要章節(jié)及內容，選編、翻譯了700多條專業(yè)英語詞匯。其中包括了互換性原理、測量技術根底、機械零件幾何參數(shù)的精度設計與檢測、典型零件的精度設計與檢測，以及尺寸鏈設計、統(tǒng)計檢驗與質量控制等內容。在教材選編過程中，作者盡量選用了國家標準中定義術語的專業(yè)英語詞匯，并參考了國外同類學科教科書中相應的專業(yè)術語。本教材不僅可作為高等院校機械工程類各專業(yè)的教學參考書，對從事機械設計制造、幾何精度檢測及質量控制等方面的工程技術人員也有一定參考應用價值。由于編者水平有限，書中難免存在疏漏和不當之處，敬請讀者批評指正。編者2007年3月

第一章緒論1第二章圓柱結合的精度設計與檢測3第三章測量技術根底5第四章形狀和位置精度設計與檢測8第五章外表粗糙度與檢測10第六章滾動軸承與孔、軸結合的精度設計10第七章圓錐結合的精度設計與檢測11第八章鍵和花鍵結合的精度設計與檢測12第九章螺紋結合的精度設計與檢測13第十章圓柱齒輪精度設計與檢測14第十一章尺寸鏈17第十二章統(tǒng)計檢測與質量控制18第一章緒論Chapter1Introduction機械精度設計mechanicalprecisiondesign檢測根底verificationbasic測量技術measurementtechniques互換性interchangeability互換性原那么principleofinterchangeability互換性種類typesofinterchangeability外互換externalinterchange內互換internalinterchange完全互換completeinterchange不完全互換limitedinterchange公差tolerance幾何量公差toleranceofgeometricalquantity幾何量檢測verificationofgeometricalquantity標準standard技術標準technicalstandard國家標準〔GB〕nationalstandard標準化standardization系列化seriation通用化generalization實際幾何參數(shù)actualgeometricalparameters理論幾何參數(shù)theoreticalgeometricalparameters產(chǎn)品product組件groupware部件component零件part批量產(chǎn)品mass-products規(guī)格相同samestandard輔助加工修配裝配生產(chǎn)原那么assistantmachiningrepairingassemblingproductionprinciple滿足技術要求和使用性能meettotechnicalrequirementsanduseperformances簡化設計自動化生產(chǎn)縮短維修周期降低本錢產(chǎn)品質量標準化品種規(guī)格系列零部件通用化幾何參數(shù)使用功能相同規(guī)格國軍標〔GJB〕simplifydesignautomatedmanufacturingshortenthemaintaincyclereducethecoststandardizationofproductqualityseriationofvarietyspecificgeneralizationofcomponentsgeometricalparametersfunctionofusagesamespecificationnationalmilitarystandard推薦執(zhí)行標準〔GB／T〕nationalstandard／recommendation優(yōu)先數(shù)優(yōu)先數(shù)系十進等比數(shù)列根本系列補充系列變形系列派生系列位移系列復合系列項數(shù)選用規(guī)那么十進段常數(shù)優(yōu)先數(shù)值preferrednumberseriesofpreferrednumbersdecimalgeometricproportionnumbersbasicseriescomplementaryseriesdeformationseriesderiveseriesdisplacementseriescomplexseriesnumbersoftermselectingprincipledecimalrangeconstantpreferrednumericalvalue理論值計算值常用值化整值theoryvaluecalculatingvaluecommonvaluemodifyingvalue第二章圓柱結合的精度設計與檢測Chapter2PrecisionDesignandVerification定義forCylindricalPartsConnectiondefinitions術語terms，nomenclature孔hole軸shaft尺寸size根本尺寸basicsize實際尺寸actualsize極限尺寸limitsofsize最大極限尺寸maximumlimitsofsize最小極限尺寸minimumlimitsofsize偏差deviation實際偏差actualdeviation極限偏差limitdeviation上偏差upperdeviation下偏差lowerdeviation公差帶tolerancezone公差帶大小dimensionoftolerancezone公差帶位置positionoftolerancezone零線zeroline配合fit間隙clearance過盈interference間隙配合clearancefit過盈配合過渡配合最小間隙最大間隙平均間隙最小過盈最大過盈平均過盈配合公差基準制基孔制基軸制基準孔基準軸標準公差公差單位公差等級尺寸分段過盈配合過渡配合最小間隙最大間隙平均間隙最小過盈最大過盈平均過盈配合公差基準制基孔制基軸制基準孔基準軸標準公差公差單位公差等級尺寸分段根本偏差標準公差系列根本偏差系列軸的根本偏差孔的根本偏差通用規(guī)那么特殊規(guī)那么常用公差帶優(yōu)先公差帶一般公差帶常用配合優(yōu)先配合代號interferencefittransitionfitminimumclearancemaximumclearanceaverageclearanceminimuminterferencemaximuminterferenceaverageinterferencevariationoffitbasictolerancingsystemholebasicsystemshaftbasicsystembasicholebasicshaftstandardtolerancetoleranceunitgradesoftolerancesizestepsfundamentaldeviationseriesofstandardtoleranceseriesoffundamentaldeviationfundamentaldeviationforshaftfundamentaldeviationforholegeneralrulespecialrulecommonrecommendationfortolerancezonepreferredselectionfortolerancezonegeneralrecommendationfortolerancezonecommonrecommendationforfitpreferredselectionforfitsymbol

公差帶代號配合代號標注計算公式公差與配合的選擇配合的計算與選擇工作量規(guī)校對量規(guī)不確定性平安公差帶代號配合代號標注計算公式公差與配合的選擇配合的計算與選擇工作量規(guī)校對量規(guī)不確定性平安裕度驗收極限通規(guī)至規(guī)塞規(guī)卡規(guī)環(huán)規(guī)板規(guī)可調節(jié)量規(guī)量規(guī)公差帶量規(guī)公差磨損公差磨損極限不確定度的允許值泰勒原那么評定參數(shù)光滑極限量規(guī)notationcalculationformulateselectionoftoleranceandfitcalculationandselectionoffitworkshopgaugecheckinggaugeuncertaintysafetymarginlimitsofacceptancegogaugenotgogaugepluggauge，pingaugesnaporgapringgaugecalipergaugeadjustablecalipergaugetolerancezoneofgaugegaugetolerancewearallowancewearlimitsallowanceofuncertaintyTaylorprincipleevaluationparametersplainlimitgauge第三章測量技術根底Chapter3MeasurementTechnologyBasic測量 measurement被測幾何量 measuredgeometricalquantity測量單位測量方法測量方程測量溫度測量條件測量范圍測量基準計量器具直接測量間接測量絕對測量相對測量接觸測量非接觸測量測量誤差系統(tǒng)誤差隨機誤差粗大誤差測量單位測量方法測量方程測量溫度測量條件測量范圍測量基準計量器具直接測量間接測量絕對測量相對測量接觸測量非接觸測量測量誤差系統(tǒng)誤差隨機誤差粗大誤差unitofmeasurementmethodofmeasurementfunctionofmeasurementmeasuringtemperaturemeasuringconditionmeasuringrangemeasuringdatummeasuringinstrumentdirectmeasurementindirectmeasurementabsolutemeasurementrelativemeasurementcontactmeasurementnon-contactmeasurementerrorofmeasurementsystematicerrorrandomerrorparasiticerror剩余誤差〔剩余誤差〕residualerror準確度精密度靈敏度重復精度分度值correctnessaccuracysensitivityrepeatabilityvalueofascaledivision精密度precision修正量量值長度基準尺寸傳遞激光光波correctionvalueofaquantitylengthstandarddimensiontransferlatherlightwave波長wavelength米制metricsystem米meter毫米micrometer微米micron英制Englishsystem英尺foot英寸inch量塊gaugeblockV-形塊V-block平板planetable坐標工作臺coordinatetable旋轉工作臺rotarytable水平儀level準式水平儀framespiritlevel傾斜式水平儀tiltinglevel光學平行平晶parallelopticalflat光學平面平晶planeopticalflat游標尺venirescale游標卡尺venirecaliper游標千分尺veniremicrometer游標深度尺venire-depthgage游標高度尺venire-heightgage內徑千分尺insidemicrometer外徑千分尺outsidemicrometer指示表dialindicator比擬儀comparator機械比擬儀mechanicalcomparator光學比擬儀opticalcomparator電感比擬儀electroniccomparator干預儀interferometer工具顯微鏡toolmaker'smicroscope大型工具顯微鏡large-toolmaker'smicroscope萬能工具顯微鏡universal-toolmaker'smicroscope光切顯微鏡lightsectionmicroscope外表粗糙顯微鏡surfaceroughnessmicroscope測量機measuringmachine坐標測量機coordinatemeasuringmachine萬能測量機universalmeasuringmachine萬能輪廓投影儀universalprofileprojector目鏡eyepieceocular物鏡objectgrass放大倍數(shù)magnification第四章形狀和位置精度設計與檢測Chapter4PrecisionDesignandVerificationforGeometricalTolerances形位公差geometricaltolerances形狀公差fromtolerances定向公差orientationtolerances定位公差locationtolerances跳動公差run-outtolerances直線度公差straightnesstolerance平面度公差flatnesstolerance圓度公差circularity(roundness)tolerance圓柱度公差cylindricitytolerance線輪廓度公差profiletoleranceofanyline面輪廓度公差profiletoleranceofanysurface平行度公差parallelismtolerance垂直度公差perpendicularitytolerance傾斜度公差angularitytolerance同軸度公差coaxialitytolerance對稱度公差位置度公差圓跳動公差全跳動公差被測要素理想要素實際要素基準要素單一要素關聯(lián)要素單一基準基準體系最大實體狀態(tài)最小實體狀態(tài)實效狀態(tài)最大實體邊界實效邊界最大實體尺寸最小實體尺寸實效尺寸作用尺寸理論正確尺寸公差原對稱度公差位置度公差圓跳動公差全跳動公差被測要素理想要素實際要素基準要素單一要素關聯(lián)要素單一基準基準體系最大實體狀態(tài)最小實體狀態(tài)實效狀態(tài)最大實體邊界實效邊界最大實體尺寸最小實體尺寸實效尺寸作用尺寸理論正確尺寸公差原那么相關原那么獨立原那么最大實體原那么包容原那么最小條件最小區(qū)域檢測原理綜合量規(guī)symmetrytolerancepositiontolerancecircularrun-outtolerancetotalrun-outtolerancetolerancedfeaturetruefeaturereal(actual)featuredatumfeaturesinglefeaturerelatedfeaturesingledatumdatumsystemmaximummaterialconditionleastmaterialconditionvirtualconditionboundaryofmaximummaterialconditionboundaryvirtualconditionmaximummaterialsizeleastmaterialsizevirtualsizematingsizetheoreticallyexactdimensiontolerancingprinciplesprincipleofcorrelationprincipleofindependencemaximummaterialprincipleenvelopeprincipleminimumconditionminimumzoneprincipleofverificationfunctionalgauge

第五章外表粗糙度與檢測Chapter5外表粗糙度取樣長度SurfaceroughnessandVerificationsurfaceroughnesssamplinglength評定長度evaluationlength輪廓最小二乘中線leastsquaremeanlineoftheprofile輪廓算術平均中線arithmeticalmeanlineoftheprofile外表加工紋理surfacelay輪廓峰頂線lineofprofilepeaks輪廓谷底線lineofprofilevalleys輪廓最大峰高maximumheightofprofilepeak輪廓最大谷深maximumdepthofprofilevalleys峰頂至峰谷高peaktovalleyheight輪廓算術平均偏差arithmeticalmeandeviationoftheprofile微觀不平度的十點高度tenpointheightofirregulation輪廓不平度最大高度maximumpeak-to-valleyheightoftheprofile輪廓不平度的平均間距 meanspacingofhighspots輪廓單峰的平均間距meanspacingoftwoconjunctivepeaks輪廓支撐長度率bearingareaoftheprofile第六章滾動軸承與孔、軸結合的精度設計Chapter6PrecisionDesignforConnectionofRollingBearingwithHoleandShaft滾動軸承rollingbearing外圈outsidering內圈internalring滾動體rollingbodies保持架bearingspacer軸承內徑bearingborediameter軸承外徑bearingoutsidediameter軸向間隙axialinternalclearance徑向間隙radialinternalclearance幾何精度geometricalaccuracy旋轉精度rotationalaccuracy外殼孔holeofhousing外殼孔肩shoulderofhousing軸徑neckofshaft軸肩shoulderofshaft軸承支架bearingbridge軸承箱bearingbox向心軸承centripetalbearing止推軸承thrustbearing滾珠軸承ballbearing滾柱軸承rollerbearing滾針軸承needlebearing圓錐輥子軸承cone-rollerbearing滾柱止推軸承ballthrustbearing滑動軸承plainbearing對開軸承twopartbearing負荷〔重、一般、輕〕load〔heavy，normal，light〕當量徑向負荷dynamicequivalentradialload額定動負荷ratingdynamicload減速器decelerator,retarder第七章圓錐結合的精度設計與檢測Chapter7PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofCone根本圓錐實際圓錐實際圓錐直徑實際圓錐角basicconeactualconeactualconediameteractualconeangle極限圓錐limitcone極限圓錐直徑limitconediameter極限圓錐角limitconeangle圓錐直徑公差conediametertolerance圓錐直徑公差帶conediametertolerancezone圓錐角公差coneangletolerance圓錐角公差帶tolerancezonefortheconeangle給定截面圓錐直徑公差conesectiondiametertolerance給定截面圓錐直徑公差帶conesectiondiametertolerancezone錐度taper配合長度lengthoffit基面矩distancebetweendatumsurfaces未注公差角度的極限偏差limitdeviationofanglewithouttoleranceindication圓錐公差conetolerance第八章鍵和花鍵結合的精度設計與檢測Chapter8PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofKeyandSpline鍵key平鍵flatkey花鍵spline鍵槽keyway，keyslot鍵長keylength鍵寬keywide鍵側keyside鍵槽深depthofkeyway軸槽shaftkeyway輪槽bosskeyway軸槽公差帶tolerancezoneforshaftkeyway輪槽公差帶tolerancezoneforbosskeyway鍵寬公差帶tolerancezoneforkeywide矩形花鍵rectangularspline漸開線花鍵involutespline內花鍵internalspline外花鍵externalspline花鍵軸splineshaft花鍵孔splinehole定心直徑diameterfordeterminingcentre定心外表surfacefordeterminingcentre較松聯(lián)結looserconnection一般聯(lián)結ordinaryconnection較緊聯(lián)結closerconnection累積誤差cumulativeerror多參數(shù)配合multipleparameterfit綜合公差compositetolerance補償公差compensativetolerance單項測量monomialmeasurement綜合檢測comprehensiveverification第九章螺紋結合的精度設計與檢測Chapter9PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofScrewThread螺紋直徑threaddiameter大徑majordiameter小徑minordiameter頂徑crestdiameter底徑rootdiameter中徑pitchdiameter單一中徑singlepitchdiameter作用中徑mediumeffectivediameter螺距pitch牙型豐角flankangle旋合長度lengthofengagement內螺紋femalethreads外螺紋malethreads普通螺紋ordinarythread粗牙螺紋coarsethread細牙螺紋finethread螺紋公差screwtolerance螺母公差nuttolerance絲桿公差leadscrewtolerance外螺紋公差帶tolerancezoneofmalethreads內螺紋公差帶tolerancezoneoffemalethreads螺紋公差等級tolerancegradeofscrewthread精密級finegrade中等級mediumgrade粗糙級coarsegrade螺紋副screwthreadpart螺紋量規(guī)screwthreadgauge螺紋塞規(guī)screwpluggauge螺紋量規(guī)公差帶tolerancezoneofscrewgauge第十章圓柱齒輪精度設計與檢測Chapter10PrecisionDesignandVerificationforCylindricalgear齒輪gearwheel齒坯blank齒tooth齒頂addendum齒根dedendum齒高toothdepth齒厚toothwidth(thickness)齒間spacewidth齒數(shù)toothnumbers齒輪副gearpair嚙合matewith共軛conjugate節(jié)圓pitchcircle齒輪速比gearratio導角leadangle漸開線involute節(jié)線速度pitch-linevelocity線接觸linecontact直齒輪spurgear傘齒輪bevelgear直傘齒輪straightbevel螺旋傘齒輪spiralbevel偏軸傘齒輪hypoidgear斜齒輪helicalgear人字齒輪double-helicalgear平行軸齒輪parallel-shaftgear交叉軸齒輪crossed—xis儀表齒輪instrumentgear蝸輪蝸桿wormgears單頭蝸桿single-threadworms多頭蝸桿multiple-threadworms滾錐rollingcones齒輪箱gearbox殼體housing油封oilseal潤滑劑lubrication熱膨脹thermalexpansion傳遞效率transmittingratio承載能力load-carryingcapacity齒輪偏差gear'sdeviation運動精度motionprecision平穩(wěn)性精度smoothnessprecision接觸精度contactingprecision齒側間隙backlash切向綜合誤差tangentialcompositeerror切向-齒綜合誤差tangentialtooth-to-toothcompositeerror徑向綜合誤差radialcompositeerror徑向-齒綜合誤差radialtooth-to-toothcompositeerror周節(jié)累積誤差totalcumulativepitcherrorK個周節(jié)累積誤差cumulativecircularpitcherroroverasectorofkpitches齒圈徑向跳動radialrun-outofgear公法線長度變動variationofbasetangentlength齒形誤差totalprofileerror周節(jié)誤差circularpitchindividuallength基節(jié)誤差basepitcherror齒向誤差totalalignmenterror接觸線誤差contactlineerror軸向齒距偏差axialpitcherror螺旋線波度誤差helixwavinesserror齒厚偏差deviationofwidthofteeth公法線平均長度偏差deviationofmeanlinetangentlengthoveragivennumberofteeth齒輪副的切向綜合誤差tangentialcompositeerrorofgearpair齒輪的切向-齒綜合誤差tangentialtooth-to-toothcompositeerrorofgearpair圓周側隙circularbacklash法向側隙normalbacklash齒輪副的接觸斑點contacttracksofgearpair齒輪副的中心矩偏差centerdistanceerrorofgearpairX方向軸線的平行度誤差inclinationerrorofaxesY方向軸線的平行度誤差deviationerrorofaxes第十一章尺寸鏈Chapter11Dimensionalchain尺寸鏈dimensionalchain環(huán)link封閉環(huán)closinglink組成環(huán)componentlink增環(huán)increasinglink減環(huán)decreasinglink補償環(huán)compensatinglink傳遞系數(shù)scalingfactor，transformationratio長度尺寸鏈length-dimensionalchain角度尺寸鏈angulardimensionalchain裝配尺寸鏈assembledimensionalchain零件尺寸鏈partdimensionalchain工藝尺寸鏈technologicaldimensionalchain根本尺寸鏈basicdimensionalchain派生尺寸鏈deriveddimensionalchain標量尺寸鏈scalardimensionalchain直線尺寸鏈lineardimensionalchain平面尺寸鏈planardimensionalchain空間尺寸鏈space-wisedimensionalchain尺寸鏈圖dimensionalchaindiagram長度環(huán)lengthlink角度環(huán)angularlink環(huán)的特征characteristicsoflink計算參數(shù)parametersofcalculation計算方法methodsofcalculation互換法interchangemethod完全互換法completeinterchangemethod大數(shù)互換法large-numberinterchangemethod分組法groupingmethod調整法adjustingmethod修配法modifiedmethod平均偏差meandeviation中間偏差mediandeviation相對分布系數(shù)relativedistributioncoefficient相對不對稱系數(shù)relativenon-symmetricalcoefficient平均公差meantolerance極值公差extremetolerance統(tǒng)計公差statisticaltolerance平方公差squaretolerance當量公差equivalenttolerance封閉環(huán)的分布與系數(shù)distributionandcoefficientofclosinglink組成環(huán)的分布與系數(shù)distributionandcoefficientofcomponentlink第十二章統(tǒng)計檢測與質量控制Chapter12Statisticaltestandqualitycontrol事件隨機事件概率隨機變量隨機變量的概率分布分布函數(shù)連續(xù)隨機變量的概率密度函數(shù)eventrandomeventprobabilityrandomvariableprobabilitydistributionofarandomvariabledistributionfunctionprobabilitydensityfunctionforrandomvariableacontinuousrandomvariable離散隨機變量的概率二維分布多維分布邊緣分布條件分布概率分布的分位數(shù)probabilityforadiscreterandomvariablebivariatedistributionmultivariatedistributionmarginaldistributionconditionaldistributionfractileofaprobabilitydistribution中位數(shù)眾數(shù)隨機變量的期望〔均值〕中心隨機變量medianmodeexpectation〔mean〕ofarandomvariablecentredrandomvariable方差〔隨機變量的或概率分布的〕 variance〔ofarandomvariableorofaprobabilitydistribution標準差〔標準偏差〕變異系數(shù)，變差系數(shù)標準化隨機變量q階原點矩關于點a的q階矩q階中心矩相關〔q,s〕階聯(lián)合原點矩關于點〔a,b〕的〔q,s〕standarddeviationcoefficientofvariationstandardizedvariatemomentoforderqabouttheoriginmomentoforderqabouttheoriginacentredmomentoforderqcorrelationjointmomentofordersqandsabouttheorigin階聯(lián)合原點矩jointmomentofordersqandsabouttheorigin〔a,b〕〔q,s〕階聯(lián)合中心矩協(xié)方差相關系數(shù)回歸曲線回歸曲面均勻分布正態(tài)分布、高斯分布標準正態(tài)分布X2分布t分布,學生分布F分布對數(shù)正態(tài)分布指數(shù)分布丫分布jointcentredmomentofordersqandscovariancecoefficientofcorrelationregressioncurveregressionsurfaceuniformdistributionnormaldistributionGaussdistributionstandardizednormaldistributionchi-squareddistributiont-distribution,studentdistributionFdistributionlog-normaldistributionexponententaildistributiongamma-distribution貢貝爾分布〔?型極值分布〕Gambeldistribution〔type?extremevalues

distribution)佛萊契分布(n型極值分布) Frechetdistributen(typenextremevaluesdistribution)威布爾分布(山型極值分布)Weibulldistribution(type山extremevalues二項分布負二項分布泊松分布二項分布負二項分布泊松分布超幾何分布二維正態(tài)分布二維高斯分布標準二維正態(tài)分布標準二維高斯分布多項分布個體總體特性，特征觀測值絕對值極差極差中值組組限組中值組矩頻數(shù)，絕對頻數(shù)累積頻數(shù)，絕對累積頻數(shù)頻率，相對頻率累積頻率頻率分布binomialdistributionnegativebinomialdistributionpsissondistributionhypergeometricdistributionbivariatenormaldistributionbivariateGaussdistributionstandardizedbivariatenormaldistributionstandardizedbivariateGaussdistributionmultinomialdistributionitem，individual，unitpopulationcharacteristicobservedvalueabsolutedifferencerangemidrangeclassclasslimitsmid-pointofclassclassintervalabsolutefrequencycumulativeabsolutefrequencyrelativefrequencycumulativerelativefrequencyfrequencydistribution

一維分布直方圖條形圖折線兩種方式表聯(lián)列表算術平均加數(shù)算術平均偏差平均偏差總體參數(shù)統(tǒng)計量次序統(tǒng)計量似然估計，估計值估計量總估計誤差抽樣誤差估計量的偏倚無偏估計量標準誤差總體均值〔或概率分布期望〕univariatedistributionhistogrambardiagrampolygontwo-waytablecontingencytablearithmeticmeanweightedarithmeticaveragedeviationmeandeviationpopulationparameterstatisticorderstatisticlikelihoodestimation(ofparameter)estimate(ofparameter)estimatortotalestimationerrorsamplingerrorbiasofestimatorunbiasedestimatorstandarderror的估計estimationofthemeanofapopulation(oroftheexpectationofaprobabilitydistribution)總體(或概率分布)方差的估計 estimationofthevarianceofapopulatio(nor雙側置信區(qū)間單側置信區(qū)間置信水平，置信系數(shù)置信限統(tǒng)計容許區(qū)間統(tǒng)計容許限aprobabilitydistribution)two-sidedconfidenceintervalone-sidedconfidenceintervalconfidencelevel，confidencecoefficientconfidencelimitstatisticaltoleranceintervalstatisticaltolerancelimits分布的擬合優(yōu)度goodnessoffitofadistribution統(tǒng)計檢驗tatisticaltest原假設〔零假設〕nullhypothesis備擇假設alternativehypothesis簡單假設simplehypothesis復合假設compositehypothesis參數(shù)檢驗parametrictest-distribution非參數(shù)檢驗freetest-non-parametrictest檢驗的操作特性曲線operatingcharacteristiccurveofatest〔檢驗的OC曲線〕(OCcurveofatest)顯著性結果significantresultX2檢驗chi-squaredtestT檢驗t-test，studenttestF檢驗F-test重復repetition隨機化randomization真值truevalue均值的準確度accuracyofthemean精密度precision重復性repeatability再現(xiàn)性reproductability抽樣sampling樣本〔子樣〕sample抽樣單位samplingunit樣本大小samplesize有放回抽樣samplingwithreplacement無放回抽樣samplingwithoutreplacement簡單隨機抽樣simplerandomsampling子樣本subsample對分樣本duplicatedsample分層抽樣stratifiedsampl