2020屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三一模英語試題(解析版)

北京市朝陽區(qū)高三年級高考練習(xí)一英語試題(考試時(shí)間100分鐘滿分120分)本試卷共11頁?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，45分)第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~， 在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Withourgraduationdayaroundthecorner,Iwasbusypreparingpresentsformyfriends.Asusual,Iwalkedintotheclassroom,only1(find)abigboxstandingthere.Approaching,Isawmyname2(write)onit.Iwasquiteshockedwhenthebox3(open)andIsaw“myself”,avividstatue,sittinginsidesmilingupatme.Iwasatacompletelossforwords.Itwasthemostunique,unconventionalpresentinmylife.【答案】1.tofindwritten/waswrittenwasopened/opened【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了即將畢業(yè)，“我”在給朋友們準(zhǔn)備禮物，當(dāng)“我”走進(jìn)教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)大箱子站在那里，里面是自己的雕像，這是對“我”來說最特別最珍貴的禮物了?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：像往常一樣，我走進(jìn)教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)大箱子站在那里。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語； onlytodosth.是一個(gè)比較特殊的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于表示一種意想不到的結(jié)果。故填tofind。【2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)/非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處動(dòng)詞 write與其邏輯主語“name”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以可以用過去分詞作后置定語；動(dòng)詞 saw后可以加句子，根據(jù)全文的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)可知，此處也用一般過去時(shí)，所以此處也可以用waswritteno故填written/waswritten?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處動(dòng)詞open與其邏輯主語“thebox”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)全文的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)可知，此處也用一般過去時(shí)，所以此處可以用 wasopened,表示箱子被打開了；也可以理解為箱子主動(dòng)開了，用open的主動(dòng)形式，時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，即 opened。故填wasopened/opened。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~， 在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AnalysisfindsEarth'smWgn糊的）fieldwasinplacebyatleast3.7billionyearsago,asearlylifearose.Scientiststhinkthathavingamagneticfield4（make）Earthmorefriendlytolife.Thefield,5isgeneratedbyliquidironmovingaboutintheplanet 'scoe6potegtsrgattbparticles（粒子）flowingfromtheSun.Ithelpstheplanetholdontoitsatmosphereandmaintainliquidwateronitssurface.【答案】4.makes5.which6.from【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了磁場對地球的好處。【4題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：科學(xué)家認(rèn)為有磁場使地球?qū)ι佑押?。根?jù)前面的“ think”可知，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；從句的主語“havingamagneticfield”表單數(shù)，所以動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填makes?！?題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知，這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，且空格處在從句中作主語，所以用which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which?！?題詳解】考查介詞。protect???from..是固定短語，意為“保護(hù) 不受 "。故填from。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~， 在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Doyouhaveamentor（導(dǎo)）helpingyoumakedecisionsinyourlife?Ifyoudo,thenyouareaveryluckyperson.7Pifnot,thenreadthebookTuesdayswithMorrie.Ittellsthetruestoryoftheauthor,MitchAlbom,andhisdyingformerprofessor,MorrieSchwartz.8youreadthisbook,youwilllearnsomeverymeaningfullessonsfromaprofessordyingfromLouGehrigMitchvisitsMorrieeveryTuesday,the78-year-oldprofessorshareswordsof9(wise)aboutlove,life,communication,values,andopennesswithhisformerstudent.Asabeautifultale10(deliver)manypowerfullessonsaboutlife,thisbookshouldbehighoneveryone 'sreadinglist.【答案】7.But8.As/When/Once/If/After9.wisdom10.delivering【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了《相約星期二》這本書的主要內(nèi)容。【7題詳解】考查連詞。根據(jù)空格前的“Ifyoudo」'?和空格后的“ifnot」'?可知，空格前后之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填But?！?題詳解】考查連詞/介詞。句意：你讀了這本書，你將從一位死于盧格里格病的教授身上學(xué)到一些非常有意義的教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)空格后的句意和語境可知，此處可以用 as“當(dāng)……時(shí)”或when"當(dāng)……時(shí)”或once“一旦”或if“如果”或after"……之后”。故填A(yù)s/When/Once/If/After。【9題詳解】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞 of后接名詞，所以此處用名詞形式。故填wisdom。【10題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由于一個(gè)美麗的故事傳遞許多關(guān)于生活的強(qiáng)有力的教訓(xùn)，這本書應(yīng)該是每個(gè)人的閱讀清單上的頂端。分析句子可知，該句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 be,所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)詞deliver與tale之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填deliveringo第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Gidda'sTeamThedoorclosedbehindMalik,makingMamalookupfromthehotmeal. "Justintimefordinner.Willy11Gidda,please?”GiddawasstayinginMaliksbedroom.Hed2igivinguphisroomforhis82-year-oldgrandmotherGiddawasstayinginMalikatfirst.Butthenshedidn 'tleave3MaliOverhersuitcaseonthefloor. "Sorry,“Giddasaid.nuisance(討厭的人)here.I'j14 "Malikdidn'tanswerashehelpedherupfromherchair.Atdinner,MamaaskedMalik, "How's5/ourwiththecoach?”Malikwascaptainofschoolsoccerteam,andhehadtodiscussafundraiserwiththecoach.Theyhundredsofdollarsto16theiroldshirts,andthatseemedunlikelyunlessMalikcameupwitha(n)17plan.Unwillingly,Maliksaid, "It'sjustteamstuff. 18'ChMaglingirhedtoGidda. "Doyouwanttogositoutsideafterdinner? ”Giddaagreed.Inthesoftwarmthoftheevening,Giddasettledherselfbeneaththeenormousfig(無花果)tree.“Feelslikehome,"shesaid.ButMal9(, “Itdropsfigseverywhere. "Rightthen,afiglandedonhishead.Giddalaughed,pickeditup,andtooka20 . “Perfect.Pickmeabunch.I 'llmakefigcakes.”Thenextmorning,MalikfoundGiddamakingfigcakesinthekitchen.Sheofferedhimone.Malik,hopingitwasn'ttooawful,putitinhismouth.Hiseyes21ashechewed.Itwasdelicious.Heeyedthetreeinthebackyard.Howmanyfigcakescouldit22 ?Malikgrabbedhisphoneandstarted23inarushofexcitement.Anhourlater,mostofthesoccerteamgatheredinthekitchen,andateupfigcakes."Gidda'sFabulous^41)FigCakes!”Maliksaid.24Wthem!Giddasaidtheywereeasytomake;she'll25ushow.”Atdinnerthatnight,GiddasharedtheirplanwithMama,smiling26assherepeatedthetitleMalikgaveonher,“TeamGrandmother.”Thenextday,thekitchenwasfullof27 .Walkingslowlyamongtheexcitedboys,Giddataughtthemtomakefigcakes.Soonthefigcakespiledup.AsMalik28 ,Gidda'sFabulousFigCakeswereahugehitandtheywerequicklysoldout.Whenthenew29arrivedjustintimefortheopeninggame,CoachGarciainvitedGiddatowatch.Shearrivedearly,andwavedatMalik.Thensheturned30toshowoffhershirt.OnthebackwerethewordsTeamGrandmother.11.A.watchB.fetchC.visitD.serve12.A.allowB.enjoyC.considerD.mind13.A.lookedB.handedC.trippedD.turned14.A.uselessB.unluckyC.scaredD.nervous15.A.trainingB.appointmentC.negotiationD.meeting

16.A.buyB.replace16.A.buyB.replaceC.ironD.abandon17.A.brilliantB.randomC.originalD.personal18.A.planB.attitudeC.subjectD.way19.A.repeatedB.reportedC.explainedD.complained20.A.pictureB.testC.biteD.break21.A.widenedB.movedC.focusedD.opened22.A.produceB.donateC.deliverD.exchange23.A.runningB.textingC.shoutingD.thinking24.A.presentB.sendC.sellD.reserve25.A.prepareB.showC.chooseD.write26.A.proudlyB.politelyC.shylyD.bitterly27.A.tensionB.hopeC.praiseD.energy28.A.promisedB.predictedC.announcedD.identified29.A.socksB.bootsC.uniformsD.gloves30.A.backB.awayC.downD.around【答案】11.B12.D13.C 14.A15.D16.B 17.A18C 19.20.C21.A22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D【解析】本文是一篇記述文。文章主要講述了吉達(dá)和馬利克的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過制作無花果蛋糕捐錢更換他們的舊制服參加比賽的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：請你去接吉達(dá)好嗎？ A.watch觀察，看守； B.fetch請來，吸引； C.visit拜訪；D.serve招待，服務(wù)于。由上一句“ Justintimefordinner.”可知，此處表示請吉達(dá)來吃飯。故選B項(xiàng)。【12題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 句意：他一開始不介意把房間讓給 82歲的祖母。 A.allow允許；B.enjoy享受；C.consider考慮；D.mind介意。由下文“Butthenshedidn'tleav除結(jié)合語境可知，一開始他不介意把房間讓給 82歲的祖母。故選 D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了。 A.looked看，注意； B.handed傳遞，交給；

GiddaSOd,此處指馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆C.tripped絆倒，跌倒；D.turned轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。由下文GiddaSOd,此處指馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無用。 A.useless無用的；B.unlucky不幸運(yùn)的；C.scared害怕的；D.nervous緊張的。由上一句"I'mjustanuisance(厭的人)here.”可知，吉達(dá)認(rèn)為自己無用。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你和教練的會(huì)面怎么樣了？ A.training訓(xùn)練；B.appointment約定；C.negotiation談判；D.meeting會(huì)面。由下文中的"hehadtodiscussafundraiserwiththecoach”可知，馬利克跟教練見面商量籌款人的事情。故選D項(xiàng)。16題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。則這似乎不太可能。句意：他們不得不籌集數(shù)百美元來更換舊襯衫，除非馬利克想出一個(gè)絕妙的計(jì)劃，否考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。則這似乎不太可能。A.buy購買；B.replace更換，替換；C.iron熨；D.abandon拋棄。由空格后的"theiroldshirts"和下文"shirts"和下文"Whenthenew數(shù)百美元來更換舊襯衫。故選【17題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句發(fā)否則這似乎不太可能。的。由上文“thatseeme出一個(gè)絕妙的計(jì)劃，否則這【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:D.way方法。由上文Un題。故選C項(xiàng)?！緮?shù)百美元來更換舊襯衫。故選【17題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句發(fā)否則這似乎不太可能。的。由上文“thatseeme出一個(gè)絕妙的計(jì)劃，否則這【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:D.way方法。由上文Un題。故選C項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】B項(xiàng)。O故選A項(xiàng)。昌數(shù)百美元來更換舊襯衫，除非馬利克想出一個(gè)絕妙的計(jì)劃,的；B.random隨機(jī)的，任意的； C.original原來白D.personal個(gè)人ssMalikcameupwitha(n)”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示除非馬利克想IJ克轉(zhuǎn)向吉達(dá)。A.plan計(jì)戈ij;B.attitude態(tài)度；C.subject話題;“It'sju舞teamstu內(nèi)容可知，”此處指馬利克轉(zhuǎn)移話考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但馬利克抱怨說：“它到處都是無花果。" A.repeated重復(fù)；B.reported報(bào)告;explained解釋；D.complained抱怨。由空格前的"But"和空格后的"Itdropsfigseverywhere."可知，此處指馬利克抱怨說道。故選 D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】【【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：吉達(dá)笑了，拿起它，咬了一口。 A.picture照片，圖畫； B.test測試；C.bite咬；break休息。由下文“Perfect.Pickmeabunch.I 'llmake"figMOkeS^境可知，吉達(dá)笑了,拿起它，咬了一口。takeabite意為"吃一口"。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 句意：他邊嚼邊睜大眼睛。 A.widened放寬，睜大；B.moved移動(dòng)；C.focused使聚焦；D.opened開。由下文“ Itwasdelicious.Heeyedthetreeinthebackyard.”可知，此處表示因?yàn)楹贸运运吔肋叡牬笱劬?。故選 A項(xiàng)。22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：用它能制作多少無花果蛋糕？ A.produce生產(chǎn)；B.donate捐贈(zèng)；C.deliver遞送，交付；D.exchange交換。由上文的“I'llmakefigcakes.”并結(jié)合語境可知，馬利克問用它能制作多少無花果蛋糕。故選 A項(xiàng)。23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析 句意：馬利克拿起手機(jī)， 興奮地發(fā)短信。 A.running跑步；B.texting發(fā)短信； C.shouting吼叫；D.thinking想，考慮。由上文“ Malikgrabbedhisphone”和下文“ Anhourlater,mostofthesoccerteamgatheredinthekitchen,andateupfigcakes.”并結(jié)合語境可知，興奮地發(fā)短信。故選B項(xiàng)。24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們會(huì)賣掉它們！ A.present贈(zèng)送，頒發(fā)； B.send寄，派遣； C.sell賣，銷售；D.reserve預(yù)訂。由下文“ theywerequicklysoldout”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處指賣掉它們。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：吉達(dá)說它們很容易做，她會(huì)教我們怎么做的。 A.prepare準(zhǔn)備；B.show展示；C.choose選擇；D.write寫。由下文“Giddataughtthemtomakefigcakes”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處指她會(huì)教“我們”怎么做無花果蛋糕。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上的晚餐上，吉達(dá)和媽媽分享了他們的計(jì)劃，她驕傲地微笑著，重復(fù)著馬利克給她的頭銜：“團(tuán)隊(duì)祖母”。A.proudly驕傲地； B.politely禮貌地； C.shyly害羞地； D.bitterly悲痛地。由下文“thetitleMalikgaveonher, 'TeamGrandmothers語境可知，此處指她驕傲地微笑著。故選A項(xiàng)?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意：第二天，廚房里充滿了活力。A.tension緊張；B.hope希望；C.praise贊美；D.energy活力。由下文“Walkingslowlyamongtheexcitedboys”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處指廚房里充滿了活力。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：正如馬利克預(yù)測的那樣， 吉達(dá)的無花果蛋糕非常暢銷， 很快就賣完了。A.promised承諾；B.predicted預(yù)測；C.announced通告；D.identified識別。由上文"Maliksaid.'Wellthem!'并結(jié)合可知，正如馬利克預(yù)測的那樣，吉達(dá)的無花果蛋糕很快就賣完了。故選 B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)新制服剛好趕上首場比賽時(shí)，加西亞教練邀請吉達(dá)觀看比賽。 A.socks襪子；B.boots靴子；C.uniforms制服；D.gloves手套。由上文"They'dhavetoraisehundredsofdollarstotheiroldshirts”可知，新制服剛好趕上首場比賽。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：然后她轉(zhuǎn)過身來炫耀她的襯衫。turnback”往回走，阻擋”；turnaway“避開”；turndown”拒絕，關(guān)小“；turnaround"轉(zhuǎn)身"。由下文"OnthebackwerethewordsTeamGrandmother.”可知，此處指她轉(zhuǎn)過身。故選D項(xiàng)。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡 上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMusicforLifeLearningmusicisimportantfortheeducationalandpersonaldevelopmentofyoungpeople!Learninganinstrument:howdopupilschoose?Allourteachersarehighlyqualifiedandexperiencedmusicians,andpupilscanlearntoplayawiderangeofinstruments,fromthekeyboardtothedrums（鼓）.Wehaveopendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumenttochoosecancometothecentre.Theyareabletospeaktoteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbebestforthem,andtheycanalsoseeandhearclassesinaction.

Whoisresponsibleforbuyingtheinstruments?Parentsusuallyhavetoprovideinstruments.Butparentsofbeginnersareadvisednottobuyaninstrumentuntiltheyaretoldthataplaceisavailable.Theyshouldalsofindoutfromtheteacherthemostsuitabletypeofinstrumenttoget.Whenandwheredolessonstakeplace?Lessonsareavailableinmanyschools,usuallyduringtheday.Ifthereisnolessonavailableforaparticularinstrumentinaparticularschool,otherarrangementscanbemadeatoneofourmusiccentresforlessonsonSaturdayafternoonsorweekdayevenings.Howarepupilstaught?Pupilscanlearninsmallgroups,inclassesorindividually,dependingontheirneeds.Smallgroupsofthreepupilshavelessonsthatlastthirtyminutes.Classlessonslastforty-fiveminutesandhaveatleasttenpupils.Individuallessonsareofferedonlytopupilswhohavesomeexperience.Startingyoung:whencanpupilsbegin?Childrenarenevertooyoungtobecomeinterestedinmusic.Wehavespecial “MusicalYouth”childrenfromtheageof3to8.Thesearedesignedtoencourageyoungchildrentoenjoymusicthroughavarietyofactivitiesincludingsinging,musicalgames,listeningandmovement. “MusicalYouth”classestakemorningswithgroupsofabout18children.Aparentorotheradultmustattendeachsession,andtheyareencouragedtositwiththeirchildrenandhelpthemwiththeactivities.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Newpupilscanseeclassesonanopenday.PupilscanlearnspecialinstrumentsonSundays.Parentsmustaccompanypupilsduringthelearningprocess.Teachersatthecentrecanprovidetherightinstrumentsforpupils.Whatisthebestchoiceforchildrenwithsomeexperience?A.Lessonsforgroupsoften.C.Lessonsforsmallgroupsofthree.A.Lessonsforgroupsoften.C.Lessonsforsmallgroupsofthree.33.Thepassageisintendedfor teachersC.musiciansIndividuallessons.D.Special“MusicalYouth”classesparentsD.pupilsABB

ABB【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了父母應(yīng)該如何給自己的孩子選擇學(xué)習(xí)樂器以及課程的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ Wehaveopendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumenttochoosecancometothecentre.Theyareabletospeaktoteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbebestforthem,andtheycanalsoseeandhearclassesinaction.可知，新來的學(xué)生可以在開放日聽課。故選A項(xiàng)。32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句“ Individuallessonsareofferedonlytopupilswhohavesomeexperience.可知，對有經(jīng)驗(yàn) 孩子來說，單班課是最好的選擇。故選 B項(xiàng)。33題詳解】推理判斷題。 縱觀全文， 尤其最后一句“ Aparentorotheradultmustattendeachsession,andtheyareencouragedtositwiththeirchildrenandhelpthemwiththeactivities.”可知，這篇文章的目的是給父母介紹如何給自己的death.NenadSestanwasworexcitementoveramicroscoperealizedsohoolofMedicTheresearchers,atYaltakenfromdeadpigs.WiththbetterpreservebraintissuefsearchhadcgedintoadiscoverythatTheexcitementsoontutoconcern).Sestanbroughtinanactivitywhichcanindicatecoilityhadfrightenedthem.actuallyanerror,butthepossi孩子選擇學(xué)習(xí)樂器。故選 B項(xiàng)。iousness(意識estanrealizBdhislabmemberswhisperingwithrnoowashappening.aven,Connecticadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainsindasasideprojecttofindwaystoldredefineourunderstandingoflifeandtheresearchersthouglogist,whodeterminedthereadoutwasingbndtheirexpectadeath.NenadSestanwasworexcitementoveramicroscoperealizedsohoolofMedicTheresearchers,atYaltakenfromdeadpigs.WiththbetterpreservebraintissuefsearchhadcgedintoadiscoverythatTheexcitementsoontutoconcern).Sestanbroughtinanactivitywhichcanindicatecoilityhadfrightenedthem.actuallyanerror,butthepossi孩子選擇學(xué)習(xí)樂器。故選 B項(xiàng)。iousness(意識estanrealizBdhislabmemberswhisperingwithrnoowashappening.aven,Connecticadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainsindasasideprojecttofindwaystoldredefineourunderstandingoflifeandtheresearchersthouglogist,whodeterminedthereadoutwasingbndtheirexpectaathadseysawwidespread,consistentelectricalSestankepthiscoolandimmediatelydidtwothings:heshutdowntheexperimentandcontactedtheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),aswellasaYalebioethicist(生物倫理學(xué)家 ).Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethicalimplications,suchaswhetherthebrainscouldbecomeconsciousandwhetherphysiciansneededtoreconsiderthedefinitionofbraindeath.TheysubmittedtheworktoNature.Butbeforethefinalpaperwaspublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismfromthepress.Someevensuggestedthattheresearcherswereengineeringimmortality(永生),ormaintainingaroomfulloflivingbrainsinjars.Neitherhenorhisteamwantedtodiscusstheresultsuntilthepaperwasout,butastheirinboxesfilledwithconcernsandangerfromanimalrightsactivistsandfuturists,Sestanbecamedepressed.Hefeltalltheycoulddo,however,wastoholdoffoncorrectingpublicmisunderstandingsuntiltheexpertreviewprocesshadrunitscourse.SincethepaperwaspublishedinApril,2019,theteamhasbeensobusyfieldingquestionsfromthemediaandscientiststhatithasn ’tperformedanyfurtherexperiments.Sestanwantstofocusonhisoriginalquestionsandexplorehowlongthebrainscanbemaintainedandwhetherthetechnologycanpreserveotherorgans.“Wewanttogetoutsideopinionbeforewedoanything, ”Sestansays.“Whenyouexploreuncharyouhavetobeextremelythoughtful. ”WhathappenedinthelabatYaleSchoolofMedicinein2016?Abettermethodwasfoundtomaintainbraintissue.Researchersdiscoveredhowtoredefinebraindeath.Brainsfromdeadpigswereaccidentallydiscoveredalive.Researchersarrivedattheexpectedresultsoftheexperiment.WhydidNenadSestanstoptheexperiment?Heneededassistancewiththefinalpaper.Hespottedamajormistakeinthefinalresult.Hewasfrightenedbythepossibilityoffailure.Hewasconcernedabouttherelatedmoralissues.Whatwaspeople’sreactiontowardsNenadSestan’sexperiment?Thepresswerestronglyopposedtotheexperiment.Somepeoplesupportedtheresearchonimmortality.Nobodywantedtodiscussthefinalresultinadvance.Thepublictookapositiveattitudetowardstheexperiment.HowcouldwebestdescribeNenadSestan?A.Responsibleandreliable. B.Cooperativeandcreative.C.Determinedandinspiring. D.Professionalandcautious.【答案】 34.C35.D36.A37.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了研究員尼納德塞斯坦在做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活著，專業(yè)并謹(jǐn)慎地研究最后獲得成功的事情?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Theresearchers,atYaleSchoolofMedicineinNewHaven,Connecticut,hadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainstakenfromdeadpigs.”可知，2016年在耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，研究員意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活著。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段內(nèi)容和第四段中的"Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethicalimplications"可知，塞斯坦意識到，最初作為一個(gè)旨在尋找更好地保存腦組織以供研究的方法的附帶項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)可以重新定義我們對生與死的理解的發(fā)現(xiàn)；當(dāng)研究人員認(rèn)為他們看到了廣泛而一致的電活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)可以顯示意識時(shí)，興奮很快就變成了擔(dān)憂，在接下來的幾個(gè)月里，專家們討論了潛在的道德影響。由此可推知，塞斯坦停止實(shí)驗(yàn)是因?yàn)樗麚?dān)心相關(guān)的道德問題。故選 D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句"Butbeforethefinalpaperwaspublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismfromthepress.”可知，在最后一篇論文發(fā)表之前，塞斯坦遭到了媒體的尖銳批評。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中的"Sestanbroughtinaneurologist,whodeterminedthereadoutwasactuallyanerror,butthepossibilityhadfrightenedthem.”"Sestankepthiscoolandimmediatelydidtwothings:heshutdowntheexperimentandcontactedtheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),aswellasaYalebioethicist(生物倫理學(xué)家).”以及最后——段中的"Whenyouexploreunchartedterritory,youhavetobeextremelythoughtful."可知，塞斯坦是一個(gè)專業(yè)和謹(jǐn)慎的人。故選D項(xiàng)。CAbutterfly'swingscanhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsecthighupintheair.Theymaybeusedtoattractmates,ortowarnpotentialattackerstostayaway.Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheirunchangingcolouration.Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird 'sfeathers.Infact,thatinsomespeciesmales'wingshavespecialcellsreleasingsomechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity,inNewYork,hasbeenlookingintothematter.TogetherwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsinFebruary,2020,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalaser（激光）toheatupspotsonthewingsofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40 °Corso,theinsectsrespondedwithdoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsprofiletothelaser,movingitswingsupanddownorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedtherelevantsensorswereonthewingsthemselves.DrYuandDrPiercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,intheformofneurons（神經(jīng)元）thatweresimilartoheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyalsouncovereddisc-shapedcellsthatappearedtobesimilartopressure-sensitiveneurons.Theyguessthatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofthewing —informationaninsectcoulditsflightpattern.Thethirddiscoverytheymadetocontradictthe “deadwing”ideawasthatsomebutterflywingshaveaAbutterfly'swingshaveVeins）.Thesecarryabloodlikeliquidwhich,researchershavenowfoundinmales,showsapulse（脈搏）ofseveraldozenbeatsperminute.Thesourceofthispulseappearstobethescent（氣味）pad,adarkspotonthewingsthatproducesthefemale-attractingchemicals.Apparently,this “wingheart”actsasthathelpsbloodlikeliquidthroughthescentpad.Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrYuandDrPierceconsistentlyfoundthat,differentpartsofthewingarecoveredbydifferentsortsofscales（鱗屑）.Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheatawayandhelpskeepthelivingpartsofabutterflywingsalive.Abird’sfeathersarementionedinParagraph1to .introducethelatestresearchfindingsonabirdhighlightthespecialfeatureofabird ’sfeathersshowcommonknowledgeaboutbutterflywingsstressthedifferencebetweenabutterflyandabirdWhatcanwelearnfromDrYuandDrPierce’sexperiments?Butterflywingsarecomplicatedlivingorgans.Butterflywingshavelittlereactiontoexternalheat.Thescentpadsonsomemalebutterflywingsaretheirhearts.Heat-minimisingactivitieshelpdetectdeformationofthewings.Whatisthefunctionofscalesoverthescentpads?A.Attractingmates.B.Increasingbloodflow.A.Attractingmates.C. Coveringpowerfultubes. D. Producingthecoolingeffect.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. SeeingIsBelieving B. MoreThanMeetsTheEyeC. NothingSeek,NothingFind D. FineFeathersMakeFineBirds【答案】 38.C39.A40.D41.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外，還有許多功能，并文中詳細(xì)介紹了這些功能，旨在告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的那樣簡單?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird ’sfeInfact,that’snottrue.Forexample,insomespeciesmales ’wingshavespecialcellsreleasingsomecheattractfemales.”可知，第一段提到鳥的羽毛是為了說明蝴蝶翅膀的常識。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrYuandDrPierceconsistentlyfoundthat,differentpartsofthewingarecoveredbydifferentsortsofscales（鱗屑）.”可知，從DrYu和DrPierce的實(shí)驗(yàn)中我們可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是復(fù)雜的活器官。故選 A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheataway”可知，氣味墊上的鱗片的作用是產(chǎn)生冷卻效果。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外，還有許多功能，并文中詳細(xì)介紹了這些功能。由此可推知，本文主要的目的是告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的那樣簡單。 A項(xiàng)意為“眼見為實(shí)”；B項(xiàng)意為“超出所見，事情并不像看到的那樣簡單”；C項(xiàng)意為“無所求，則無所獲”；D項(xiàng)意為“人要衣裝,佛要金裝”。故選B項(xiàng)。DFactorFiction?Non-fictioncanbebrokendownintomanycategories.Onecategoryisliterarynon-fiction,whichisstillbasedinfactbutemployssomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses.Literarynon-fictionincludesatypeofautobiography（自傳）calledmemoir.Memoirmostoftenfocusesonacertainperiodoftheauthor 'slifdefinition,rootedintruth.Still,peoplesometimesquestionwhethermemoirshouldbecategorizedasnon-fictionatall.Asnon-fiction,memoirisintendedtobefactual.Isthisreallythecase,though,consideringmemoirreliesonhumanmemory?Oneclassicstudy,ledbypsychologistElizabethLoftus,showedhoweasilyaninterviewer 'schoiceofwordingcaninfluenceaneyewitness 'saccountofatrafficaccident.Itisthereforereasonabletowonderwhethermemoirshouldcontinuetobebrandedasnon-fiction.Certainly,humanmemorycanbeunreliable.However,amemoirauthorisundoubtedlywritingaboutsignificantandimpactfullifeevents.Memoriesofsucheventsareactuallymorereliablethanothers.Studiesshowthatthemoreinfluentialaneventis,themoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,thebrainactivitychangesinawaythatamplifiessmalldetails.Thisactivityhelpsbuildamorepreciseandaccuratememory.Ofcoursethebrainisnotacamerathatcan "save"anymemorywithperfectaccuracy.Butifmemoirisquestionableduetotheimperfectionsofthehumanmind,thencriticswillhavetotacklenon-fictionmorebroadly.Allwritersareusingtheirmemorieswhentheycreate,andmoreover,theyarerelyingonthememoriesofothers.Journalistsconductinterviewstotellanewsstoryandhistorywritersdependontheaccuracyofaccountsfromlongago.Yettheyallrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaofnon-fiction.Somepeoplemaydoubtmemoirnotbecausetheymistrusthumanmemory,butbecausetheymistrusttheauthor'smorality.Criticsmaysuspectanauthorofmakingupevents.However,thereisnoreasontobesuspiciousofmemoirauthor'sintentions.Writingafactualmemoirthatappealstoreadershasthepotentialtobeprofitablefortheauthor,andthereisnomotivationforamemoirwritertoknowinglychangeorbeautifythetruth.Lookingbeyondtheauthor'sownlifeevents,memoircaninformreadersabouttheworldinthesamewaythatothernon-fictioncan.Memoirhasawayofrelayingfactsaboutanythingfromanoccupationtobrieffashiontrends,allofitmeaningfultotheauthor.TheauthorintroducesthetopicinParagraph1by.illustratingwhyitisimportanttotalkaboutmemoirlistingsomeinterestingfactsandfeaturesofmemoirdefiningkeytermsthatarediscussedlaterinthepassagemakingacomparisonbetweenautobiographyandmemoirWhatdoestheunderlinedwordaamplifies"inParagraph3probablymean?B.Ignores.A.Collects.

B.Ignores.D.Absorbs.C.Enlarges.D.Absorbs.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.criticsarguethatanewsstorybyajournalistisfictionamemoirauthor'smemorycanbeinfluencedbytheintervieweesmemoircan'tshowreadersfactsaboutwhatanauthorexperiencedemotionalmomentscancausethecreationofmoredetailedmemoriesAccordingtothepassage,theauthorbelieves.themostprofitablememoirsarethoseshowntobethemostfactualmanyauthorsareuntrustworthy,althoughmanymemoirsarefact-basedmemoirisrightfullycategorizedundertheumbrellaofliterarynon-fictionmemoryistoounreliableformemoirtobeconsideredatypeofnon-fiction【答案】42.C43.C44.D45.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了非小說的分類，并且作者認(rèn)為回憶錄在文學(xué)非小說的保護(hù)傘下被合理地分類?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段中的"Onecategoryisliterarynon-fiction,whichisstillbasedinfactbutemployssomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses …Itis,bydefinitionrooted祚truth過定義本文后面討論的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語來介紹第 1段中的主題。故選C項(xiàng)。【43題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段最后——句"Thisactivityhelpsbuildamorepreciseandaccuratememory.”可知，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有助于建立更精確和準(zhǔn)確的記憶；再根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中的" amplfiessmalldetails"可知，此處amplifies應(yīng)意為"放大"，與enlarge意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】D項(xiàng)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Studiesshowthatthemoreinfluentialaneventis,themoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,thebrainactivitychangesinawaythatamplifiessmalldetails.D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句"Yettheyallrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaofnondiction.”可知，然而,它們（回憶錄）都理所當(dāng)然地落入非小說的保護(hù)傘之下。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為回憶錄在文學(xué)非小說的保護(hù)傘下被合理地分類。故選 C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出