(浙江專用)2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一第三講理解主旨要義-主旨大意題教案

第三講理解主旨要義一一主旨大意題主旨大意題是閱讀理解中難度較大的一類題目，是拉開分?jǐn)?shù)差距的一個重要考查點(diǎn)。因為該類試題不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會大意的能力，也對考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。此類題目可分為三大類：標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。高考主旨大意題題量統(tǒng)計考綱解讀年份浙江卷（1）主旨大意題考查的是考生對文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，對整篇文章的主旨大意什-個較為清晰的印象。（2）它既考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，又考查深層次的推理、概括能力，難度較大。（3）有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨要義； 有時，文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間進(jìn)行推斷。2019.62（標(biāo)題歸納題；段落大意題）2018.111（標(biāo)題歸納題）2018.62017.111（標(biāo)題歸納題）1（文草大思題）2017.61（文草大思題）副析理型特點(diǎn)，掌握解弱方法＞【考查特點(diǎn)】I.把握主旨大意題常見的命題方式:(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext ?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2)Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis(3)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison(4)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(5)What'sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(6)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?⑺Thepassagemainlyfocusesonn.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度：(1)標(biāo)題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。(2)主題類(內(nèi)容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意。［考向1］標(biāo)題歸納題一一概括凝練選標(biāo)題該類題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上， 結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給選項中選出適合文章的標(biāo)題。注意最佳標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)： 精準(zhǔn)性強(qiáng)（不改變原文的意義和感情色彩 ）；覆蓋性強(qiáng)（能概括全文并體現(xiàn)文章的主旨）。常見的設(shè)問方式：?Thebesttitleofthepassageis?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage??Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage??Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis［典例］（2019?全國卷出?B）ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource（ 來源）ofinspirationfordesignerssaysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion（ 時尚）shows.Earlierthisyear,the ChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics（美學(xué)）onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook saysHill.aChinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion -theyarecentraltoitsmovement/'Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumersshesays. "Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways. ”Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldAChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkDifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends［解題思路］第一步讀文章，概括文意文章以國外視角報道中國文化及中國美學(xué)對國際時尚的影響，展現(xiàn)了中國對國際時尚和設(shè)計發(fā)展的引領(lǐng)作用。第二步析選項，斟酌判斷A向世界推銷夢想的年輕模特與文章內(nèi)容小符無中生有，曲解文意B在紐約舉辦的一次中國藝術(shù)展本義提到了在紐約舉辦的一次中國藝術(shù)展，但這不是義章主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容以偏概全，主次不分C東西方美學(xué)的差異本文主要講述的是中國引領(lǐng)國際時尚和設(shè)計發(fā)展， C項范圍過大主題過大，范圍太廣D中國美學(xué)影響國際時尚的發(fā)展趨勢此標(biāo)題全面、精練地概括了文章內(nèi)容涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文第三步對比選項，確定答案自主解答：D理解標(biāo)題的三大特點(diǎn)，巧用三大方法確定文章標(biāo)題一個好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三大特點(diǎn)：.概括一一準(zhǔn)確而又簡短。.針對性一一標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符。.醒目一一能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三大方法：.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個選項能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨。.反面否定法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設(shè)想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容,然后和原文對照，一一排除不符選項。.研讀備選項本身：研讀備選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性等。［考向2］文章大意題一一明確中心定選項主旨大意是作者在文章中所要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通過行文邏輯和各種細(xì)節(jié)來闡明的中心話題。常見的設(shè)問方式：?What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage??Thepassageismainlyabout?Whatisthetextmainlyabout??Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout[典例]（2018?全國卷出?B）Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettle intheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness（荒野）．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30，000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow -coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche（ 雪崩）onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20 ，000peoplewhodugforgold,4 ，000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo —toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.[解題思路 ]第一步 讀文章，概括文意本文主要介紹了加拿大道森的歷史、發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀。第二步析選項，斟酌判斷A一個城市的興衰本文主要以道森為例，講述了城市的興衰涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文B加拿大淘金熱本文只在第二段提到了淘金熱以偏概全，主次不分C荒野之旅本文沒提到荒野之旅無中生有，曲解文意D道森的旅游業(yè)范圍太小，不能涵蓋道森的過去以偏概全，主次不分第三步對比選項，確定答案自主解答：A在尋找和歸納一篇文章的主題句時，應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn)：.關(guān)注文章的首段和符合主題句特點(diǎn)的句子，留意下文是否對其有解釋和支撐作用；.快速通讀文章主體部分的每一段，結(jié)合每一段的主題句，判斷各個段落是否與文章開頭和結(jié)尾的主題句形成呼應(yīng)關(guān)系；.注意文章的末尾，看此處出現(xiàn)的主題句和文章開頭的主題句是否呼應(yīng)。如果文章的首句語言精練，且在中間被從多角度來說明或論證，又與尾段的句子相呼應(yīng)，則這個句子是全文的主題句。此處，如果文章中出現(xiàn)了兩種及以上的不同觀點(diǎn)，則文章最后作者的觀點(diǎn)為文章的主要觀點(diǎn)。此時要注意表示轉(zhuǎn)折含義的詞語如 but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary 等，因為這些詞語之后的內(nèi)容往往是作者的觀點(diǎn)，也是文章的主旨大意。此外，利用逆向法也可以很快地排除錯誤選項，選出正確答案。［考向3］段落大意題一一分析結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)揣摩每一個文段都要圍繞一個特定的主題按照一定的邏輯順序展開，所以，段落的結(jié)構(gòu)也有一定的規(guī)律性。一般有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：.總分式。作者在段落開頭概括主題，然后再按照一定的邏輯順序展開段落；有時候，作者也會在開頭先用一個引子導(dǎo)入主題，從而使主題句出現(xiàn)在第二句，但從整體上看，段落仍然是總分式結(jié)構(gòu)。.分總式。除了總分式外，還有很多段落在開頭通過舉例子或論述層層推進(jìn)，直到最后才得出段落的主題句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫分總式。分總式也是很常見的一種段落結(jié)構(gòu)。.分總分式。一個段落也可以采用分總分的模式，往往在開頭講述一個具體的事例，通過事例得出一個結(jié)論，也就是這個段落的主題句，然后繼續(xù)例證或拓展這個觀點(diǎn)所包含的內(nèi)容。.無主題句式。英語中也有少量的段落并沒有主題句，猶如漢語中的散文一樣，講究用一個主題將表面互不相連的一些事例或者表述連接起來。段落雖然沒有主題句，但讀完整個段落，你仍能發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些表面不相連的內(nèi)容卻都指向了同一個主題，這些不明顯的主題通過一些關(guān)鍵詞或者相似結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)出來。常見的設(shè)問方式：Whatdoestheauthortellusinparagraph...?ThemainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisThefirstparagraphismainlyaboutWhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizepara.1?［典例］（2019?全國卷I片段）Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories: thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables'plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?Theclassificationofthepopular.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.［解題思路］第一步讀文章，概括段意本段介紹了受歡迎的兩類人：討人喜歡的人和追求地位的人。第二步析選項，斟酌判斷A受歡迎人的分類A項是對本段內(nèi)容的精練總結(jié)和概括涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文B青少年的特征本文沒有涉及青少年的特征，純屬無中生有無中生有，曲解文意C交際技能的重要性涉及交際技能，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主題以偏概全，主次不分D不光彩行為的原因涉及不光彩行為，但沒有介紹其原因，不是本段的主題以偏概全，主次不分

第三步對比選項，確定答案自主解答：A陶施信杳方法1:概括段落大意要準(zhǔn)確概括某段的大意，務(wù)必要知道該段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對其進(jìn)行具體論述，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首；如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；如果對比各事物，那么它們的共同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)就是該段大意。方法2:揣摩段落大意有時，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要充分發(fā)揮讀者的想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大意。考考攀悟高老奧嵬，精涯把脈考向:考考攀悟高老奧嵬，精涯把脈考向:（2019?浙江卷6月?C）Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（ 資源）.ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt（融雪）.Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.【解題導(dǎo)語】文章主要講述了美國加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹急劇減少的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.A解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent ”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性，故選A項。28．Whichofthefollowingiswell -intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Aggressivewildfire pete withbigtreesforresources（資源）”可知，聲勢浩大的森林防火措施雖然一定程度上保護(hù)了森林，但同時也導(dǎo)致小樹泛濫，與大樹爭搶資源，從而導(dǎo)致大樹數(shù)量減少，故選D項。．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid...have beenrisingtemperatures...reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre認(rèn)為水資源短缺的主要原因是逐漸上升的氣溫，故選C項。．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCaliforniaA解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要講述了美國加州森林中大樹數(shù)量急劇下

降的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。因此 A項能很好地概括全文。找主題句的五個小竅門1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語（如1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語contrary,incontrast等）時，其后的句子很可能是主題句。contrary,incontrast等）時，其后的句子很可能是主題句。.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句。.作者有意識地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。.首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時，例子或假設(shè)后面的內(nèi)容可能是主題句。.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的詞語常有 therefore,inshort等。主旨大意題的干優(yōu)啜特征「以W戳學(xué) ［主提過大） ［斷堂取義） 「無中生有〕.+.,’答案只闞逑都值息或4?收納假括過于寬泛.超出「「一次，他平小:物力替代空,與上章內(nèi)容老不相干或打上片的一部分 I立章要日也的速圍 史的生要覘點(diǎn) 章內(nèi)密用首J L Jj 』L_ -罐址訓(xùn)煉高雅老嵬.期能鞏四提升不A（2019?寧波十校聯(lián)考）Asparents,wewalkafinelinebetweencaringforourchildrenandteachingthemhowtocareforthemselves.Whenthey'relittle,theyneedourhelpwitheverything.Overtime,kidsusuallytaketheleadonthingslikefeedinganddressingthemselves,butitcanbedifficulttoknowwhenit'stimeforthemtostartdoingsomebasicthings,suchaspackingtheirownlunchesforschoolorsolvingproblemswithteacherswithoutaparent 'shelp.BloggerAmyCarneyrecentlysharedapostaboutthethingsparentsshouldstopdoingfortheirteens.Init,Carneysharedthebasicskillsthatsheexpectsherkidstomasterbythetimetheyhit13,suchaswakingthemselvesupinthemorning,makingtheirownbreakfastandlunch,andfinishingtheirownhomework.BarbHarvey,achildhoodbehaviorexpert,gavemeheranswer :Theageatwhichchildrenlearntomastercertainskillswillbedifferentdependinguponthematurity（成熟）andinterestlevelofthechild.Iaskedthesamequestionamongmyfriends.Theygaveallkindsofanswers,whichcanexplainHarvey'sopinion.Therefore,there'sonlyoneexpertwhocandeterminewhenyourkidshavetheabilitytodealwithcertainskills,andthat 'syou.Ifyourkidsaren'treadytopacktheirownlunches—don’tsweatit.Helpthemlearntheskillsthey ’rereadytodealwithandkeepworkingtowardstheendgoalofraisingresponsibleandableadults.Becauseifthere’sonethingthatwecanallagreeonasparents,it’sthattimemovesquicklywhenyou’reraisingkids.Onedayyouwillwishtheycouldjustdothingswithoutyouandthenextday,youwillfeelupsetthattheydo.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了父母和孩子成長的關(guān)系。1．WhatisAmyCarney’sexpectationwhenherchildrenare13?A．Tobeaskillfulcook.B．TofollowHarvey’sopinion.C．Tobeanexpert.D．Tohavebasicskills.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Init,Carneysharedthebasicskillsthatsheexpectsherkidstomasterbythetimetheyhit13,suchaswakingthemselvesupinthemorning,makingtheirownbreakfastandlunch,andfinishingtheirownhomework."可知，AmyCarney期望自己的孩子們在 13歲時可以掌握一些基本技能。故選 D。．Whocandecidewhenthechildrenwilllearntocareforthemselves?A．AmyCarney. B．BarbHarvey.C．Thechildren. D．Theparents.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Therefore,there’sonlyoneexpertwhocandeterminewhenyourkidshavetheabilitytodealwithcertainskills,andthat ’syou.”可知，孩子們什么時候可以照顧自己取決于父母。故選 D。．Whywillparentsfeelupsetwhentheirchildrengrowup?A．Theirkidscandonothing.B．Theyfeellessimportant.C．Theirchildrenbecomeableadults.D．Theirkidsdisagreeonanything.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Onedayyouwillwishtheycouldjustdothingswithoutyouandthenextday,youwillfeelupsetthattheydo.”和對第一段的整體理解可推知，當(dāng)孩子們長大了，真的可以自己做自己的事情時，父母會覺得失落是因為父母覺得孩子們不再需要自己了，自己對他們來講沒有那么重要了。故選B。4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Walkingafineline.B．BloggerAmyCarney.sgrowth.C．Parentsandtheirchildrensgrowth.D．Achildhoodbehaviorexpert.C解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Asparents,wewalkafinelinebetweencaringforourchildrenandteachingthemhowtocar eforthemselves.”點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可知，本文主要講述的是父母和孩子成長的關(guān)系。故選 C。[長難句分析 ]Init,Carneysharedthebasicskillsthatsheexpectsherkidstomasterbythetimetheyhit13,suchaswakingthemselvesupinthemorning,makingtheirownbreakfastandlunch,andfinishingtheirownhomework.（ 第二段第二句）分析：本句是一個復(fù)合句。句中thatsheexpectsherkidstomaster 是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞 thebasicskills。譯文：在這篇文章里，Carney分享了一些她期望她的孩子們到他們13歲時應(yīng)該掌握的一些基本技能，譬如早上自己醒來，自己做早餐和午餐，自己完成家庭作業(yè)。(2019-紹興診斷性考試)Irecentlyspentadayclearingoutmylatemother 'swardrobe.Ithasbeentwoyearssinceshediedsoitwastimetomoveon.Therewerefourwardrobesandtwochestsofdrawers—10blackbagsfullofclothesforcharity,andsevenlargeboxesofotherpiecesthatIwillwearmyself,givetofamilyandfriendsandselltoraisemoneyforKidneyResearch.WhatstruckmeasIsortedthroughtherailswasfirst,whatconsistenttastemymotherhad—lotsofblack,lotsoflayers—andsecond,howsheneverthrewanythingaway.Shedidn’tbuyclothesexcessively,ratheraccumulatedthemoveralifetime.Andeverypieceshebought,whetheritwasfromStMichael(aluxurybrand),H&MorHelmutLang(fast-fashionbrands),shetreatedasequals.Avintagekimono,acoatshemadeinthe80sfromaKenzoVoguedressmakingpattern,thesmartblackjacketorderedfromAsos(anonlineshop),orthe40 -year-oldoversizedT-shirtfromMissSelfridgewasallperfectlykept,carefullyhunguporfolded,buttonsallinonepiece,notastitchoutofplace.Shedidnotdifferentiatebetweenhigh -streetbargainsandSundaybest.Shecherishedallherclothes,whateverthepricetag.So,whenDr.MarkSumner,alecturerinfashionandsustainabilityattheUniversityofLeeds,toldMPsattheenvironmentalauditcommittee ’sinvestigationintothesustainabilityofthefact -fashionindustrythathigh-streetclothescanbemoredurablethanfast-fashionones,itrangtruetome.“There’snocorrelationtosaythatpricewillgiveyouanindicationtosaywhichproductwillwearout ，”hesaid.Somefastfashionischeapandnastyandwillfallapartafterafewwashes.Thesamecanbetrueofdesignerclothing.Itisamisconceptionthatexpensiveinanywayequatestosustainable,or,asDr.Sumnersays,durable(though it’sworthrememberingthatcheapclothesoftenmeanlaborexploitation).Asmymother’swardrobetestifies,ifyouhaveagoodeyeforclothesthatarestylishratherthanfashionable,choosecarefully: lookforthebest-qualityfabricsyoucanafford, andtreatthe—whatevertheclothesyoubuywiththeutmostrespect,careandlove.Yourclothespricetag——whateverthe【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在收拾已故母親的衣服時，發(fā)現(xiàn)母親的衣服保存得非常好，很耐穿，但這些衣服并不是時尚的衣服，后來作者想要通過 Dr.MarkSumner的話和自己的感悟告訴大家：昂貴的衣服不等于耐穿的衣服。5．Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter’slatemother?A．Shewasonlyfondofdesignerclothes.B．Shelikedcollectingfashionableclothes.C．Shehadpreferenceforblack.D．Sheoftenboughtclothesonline.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“whatconsistenttastemymotherhad—lotsofblack”可知，作者的母親喜歡黑色。故選 C。6．Howwillthewritertreatherlatemother ’sclothes?A．Shewilldonatethemalltoacharity.B．Shewillkeepsomeforherownuse.C．Shewillsellthemtofundresearch.D．Shewillgivethemalltoherfriends.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“andsevenlargeboxesofotherpiecesthatIwillwearmyself,givetofamilyandfriendsandselltoraisemoneyforKidneyResearch”可知，作者會留一些自己穿。故選 B。7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtoproveinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Expensiveclothesdon’tmeanlong-lastingclothes.B．Expensiveclothesaren’teasilyworn-outclothes.C．Expensiveclothesdon’tinvolvelaborexploitation.D．Expensiveclothesmeanagoodeyeforfashion.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一段第三句“Itisamisconceptionthatexpensiveinanywayequatestosustainable,or,asDr.Sumnersays,durable(thoughit’sworthrememberingthatcheapclothesoftenmeanlaborexploitation)．”可推知，作者想要證明的是昂貴的衣服不一定耐穿。故選 A。8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?CanCheapClothesBeStylish?CanPriceTagIndicateFashion?CanFastFashionBeSustainable?CanDesignerClothingSellMore?C解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者在收拾已故母親的衣服時，發(fā)現(xiàn)母親的衣服保存得非常好，很耐穿，但這些衣服并不是時尚的衣服，然后作者通過 Dr.MarkSumner的話和自己的感悟想要告訴大家：昂貴的衣服不等于耐穿的衣服。故選 Co[長難句分析] “There'snocorrelationtosaythatpricewillgiveyouanindicationtosaywhichproductwillwearout ；'hesaid.（ 第三段最后一句）分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句是therebe句型，動詞不定式作后置定語； that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；which引導(dǎo)賓語從句。譯文：他說：“這并不是說價格會告訴你哪種產(chǎn)品會容易磨損?！薄觥觥鰧ｎ}強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練■■■■主旨大意題一一標(biāo)題歸納題（建議用時：25分鐘）A（2019?浙江五校聯(lián)考）RecentlywheneverIturnedonmycomputerormymobilephone,newsaboutthegreateffectofHurricaneHarveyon ^thousandsofpeoplecaughtmyeye.Isawmanyunfortunateevents.However,therewasalsothebrightnewsthatconfirmedthegoodnessofmankind.Asajournalist,Iwrotemanyhuman-intereststoriesduringmycareer.That'swhythestoryabouttheguysinthebakerycaughtmyeye.WhenthestaffataMexicanbakerychaininHoustonweretrappedinsidethebuildingfortwodays,theydidn'tsittherefeelingsorryforthemselves.TheyusedtheirtimewiselyafterfloodingcausedbyHurricaneHarvey.WhiletheywerewaitingfortheeventualrescuethatcameonMondaymorning,fourdecidedtomakeasmanyloavesofbreadaspossiblefortheircommunity.Thefloodwaterroseinthestreetoutside.Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupplytobakebread.Theyusedmorethan4,200poundsofflourtocreatehundredsofloavesandsheetsofsweetbread.Althoughthewaterkeptrising,theycontinuedbakingtohelpmorepeople.Bythetimetheownermanagedtogettothem,theyhadmadesomuchbreadthattheytooktheloavestoloadsofemergencycentersacrossthecityforpeopleaffectedbythefloods.Thestoremanager,BrianAlvarado,told TheIndependent,“Wheneveradisasteroccurs,nobodyshouldjustfeelforlorn.Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactiontosaveourselvesandhelpothers.Ouractsofkindnesswillmakeabigdifference. ”【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇記敘文。一家連鎖面包店的員工們在面對哈維颶風(fēng)帶來的洪水、斷電時，在等待救援的同時采取積極的行動，利用應(yīng)急電源烤面包去幫助社區(qū)受洪水影響的居民。WhatdidthebakerystoreworkersdoafterfloodingcausedbyHurricaneHarvey?Theyvolunteeredtomakebreadfortheircommunity.Theymanagedtolivebysellingmorebreadinthestore.Theyfeltsorrythattheycouldn 'tescapefromthestore.Theyatenothingbuttowaitfortheircommunitytorescuethem.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"WhiletheywerewaitingfortheeventualrescuethatcameonMondaymorning,fourdecidedtomakeasmanyloavesofbreadaspossiblefortheircommunity. "可知，當(dāng)這家面包房的員工們在等待周一上午的最終救援時，四人決定為他們的社區(qū)烤盡可能多的面包。故選A項。2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains “forlorn"underlinedinthelastparagraph?A.Fortunate. B.Hopeful.C.Shallow. D.Desperate.D解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactiontosaveourselvesandhelpothers."可知，相反，我們應(yīng)該采取積極的行動來拯救自己和幫助他人。由Instead可知，forlorn的意思與positive相反，故forlorn與desperate（絕望的）意思相近。故選D項。Whatcanweinferfromthetext?Alvaradoorganizedhisworkerstobakemuchbread.HurricaneHarveycausedapowerfailureinHouston.Thestaffinthebakerysentenoughflourtoemergencycenters.Theauthorpreferredtowritestoriesaboutpeoplefacingdisasters.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupplytobakebread."可知，他們利用應(yīng)急電源烤面包。由此可推知，哈維颶風(fēng)造成休斯敦停電。故選B項。Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?APopularMexicanBakeryChaininHoustonWaitfortheEventualRescueinaBigDisaster

AllKindsofDisastersCausedbyHurricaneHarveyinHoustonBakeBreadtoMakeaDifferenceintheFaceofHurricaneHarveyD解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二三段的內(nèi)容和最后一段中的"Ouractsofkindnesswillmakeabigdifference.”可知，口項（在面對哈維颶風(fēng)時，烤面包起了很大作用 ）作為標(biāo)題最能概括全文內(nèi)容。故選D項。EveryyearbetweenMayandSeptember,all54employeesofBasecamp,aChicago-basedwebapplicationcompany,haveashortworkweek:justfourdays—atotalof32hours.Also,theyusuallyworkfivedaysaweekfortherestoftheyear."That'splentyoftimetogetgreatworkdone.ThisisallweexpectandallwewantfrompeoplesaysJasonFried,aco-founder."Working50-,60-,or70-plushoursisunnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50-,60-,or70-plushoursaweek,there'samanagementproblem.”Thecompany;ssummerworkloadmustfitreducedhours,Mr.Friedinsists,otherwisethebenefitsofashorterweekpursue（thebenefitsofashorterweekpursue（追求）outsideinterests—wouldbeundone.Hisnewresearchfindsthatitisnotjustlonghoursthatareharmfultoemployees'physicalandmentalhealth.Itisalsotheintensity（強(qiáng)度employees'physicalandmentalhealth.Itisalsotheintensity（強(qiáng)度）ofwork.Moreover,itsuggeststhatintenseworkharmscareerprospects.Thatisbecauseunbearablehoursandintensityareintheoppositedirection,reducingthequalityofthework.Theresearchconcludesthatthelevelofintensityweapplytotheworkwedoisgenerally“astrongerpredictorofunfavorableoutcomesthanovertimework ".Theresearchcomparedpeopleofsimilarjobsandeducationlevels,andfoundtheyweremorelikelytosufferpoorerhappinessandworsecareerprospects,includingsatisfaction,securityandpromotion,whentheyworkedatanintenselevelforlongperiods.【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。本文以一家總部位于芝加哥的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用公司 Basecamp的54名員工將近半年時間每周只工作 4天，共32小時的情況為例說明了較短的工作周有益于人們的身心健康，并以一項研究來證明。WhatdoweknowaboutBasecamp'sfour-dayworkweek?Itlastsnearlyhalfayear.Theworkpressureistoohigh.C．Therearesomemanagementproblems.D．Employeesworkmorethan8hoursaday.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，一家總部位于芝加哥的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用公司Basecamp的54名員工在每年 5月到9月期間每周的工作時間都很短：只有四天，共 32小時，持續(xù) 5個月，大概半年時間。故選 A項。6．WhatdoesMr.Friedintendtosayinparagraph2?A．Givenplentyoftime,peoplecandomore.B．Togetworkdonewellneedsplentyoftime.C．Peoplecandoajobverywellinashortworkweek.D．Alongworkweekisappropriateforreducedworkload.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Working50-， 60-，or70-plushoursisunnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50-，60-，or70-plushoursaweek,there’samanagementproblem.”可知，弗里德先生認(rèn)為一周工作五六十個小時，甚至七十幾個小時是沒有必要的。如果真這么做了，反而會出現(xiàn)管理上的問題，由此推知，弗里德先生認(rèn)為人們可以在短時間內(nèi)把工作做好，故選 C項。7．Whatdoestheresearchmentionedinthetextwanttotellus?A．Gettingmuchmorerest.B．Improvingworkquality.C．Refusingafive-dayworkweek.D．Avoidingworkingtoointensely.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的theresearch可定位到第四至六段。通讀這幾段，尤其是第四段可知，這個新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)長時間工作不只對員工的身心健康有害，工作的強(qiáng)度也會影響員工的職業(yè)前景。這是因為難以忍受的工作時長和工作強(qiáng)度會降低工作質(zhì)量。第五六段進(jìn)一步說明了長時間高強(qiáng)度工作的壞處。由此可以推知，該研究是建議人們要避免高強(qiáng)度工作，故選D項。8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．MoreWork,MoreProfitsB．LessWork,LessBenefitsC．ShorterWeek,BetterRewardD．LongerHours,HigherIntensityC解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文以一家總部位于芝加哥的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用公司Basecamp為例，說明了較短的工作周的好處。除此之外，還介紹了一項有關(guān)工作時長和工作強(qiáng)度對人的影響的研究，由此更進(jìn)一步印證了較短工作周對人身心方面的益處。因此 C項最能概括全文內(nèi)容。CIt’scommonknowledgethatsomecountrieshavehigherlifeexpectanciesthanothers,butthecityyouliveincanalsoaffectyourhealth.Somecitiesarehardontheirresidents.Inplaceswithpoorcityplanning,forexampleLagos,whichwascalledoutrecentlybytheEconomistIntelligenceUnit,publicspacesarefew,makingoutdooractivitieshard.Lackofinfrastructure（ 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）blocksthestreetswithcarsandtheairwithpollutants,andresidentsworklonghoursforlittlemoney.ThesearejustsomeofthefactorsaddedupbySpotahome,arentalagency.They ’veanalyzeddatafromarangeofsources,includingtheWorldHealthOrganization,TripAdvisorandtheCIAWorldFactbooktoscoreeachcityonhealth,gymavailabilityandquality,lifeexpectancies,obesity,greenspaceandotherelementstomakealisttoworkoutwhicharetheworld ’shealthiestcities.ThelistiscertainlyEurocentricandsunshineisseenasapositivefactor.Itdoe