小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-句子的種類(lèi)

PAGEPAGE5句子的種類(lèi)一、按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。類(lèi)別肯陳述句定否陳述句定一般特

例句Thisisabag. Ilikespring.Ican’tseeabagoverthere. Idon'tAreyouastudent?Doesshegetupearly?Doyoulikeswimming?CanyouspeakEnglish?whentimecolourwhatabout……怎么樣；whatday

用法說(shuō)話人的看法說(shuō)話人的看法疑問(wèn)句

殊幾；whatdatewhatforhowoldhowmanyhowmuchhowabout……怎么樣；howfar

用于提出問(wèn)題選Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?擇反It’safineday,isn’tit?意肯Putithere.定祁使句 表示命令、建議或請(qǐng)求否定感嘆句

Don’tlookatthenoticeboard.Howsmartthescarfis!Whatasmartscarf!Howhardhestudies!

表示驚訝、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等強(qiáng)烈感情注意：疑問(wèn)句的回答一般疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)一件事或情況是否屬實(shí)。用yes或no來(lái)回答。特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句由特殊疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成，不能用yes來(lái)no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接答疑問(wèn)詞的提問(wèn)。Whereareyoufrom? IamfromBeijing.或 Beijing.選擇疑問(wèn)句提供兩種或兩種以上的選項(xiàng)供對(duì)方選擇，前面的選項(xiàng)之間用逗號(hào)分隔開(kāi)來(lái)，后兩項(xiàng)之間用or連接，回答時(shí)選擇一種。Wouldyoulikeapear,anappleorabanana? I’dlikeabanana。反意疑問(wèn)句由陳述句加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句構(gòu)成，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句對(duì)陳述句提出相反的疑問(wèn)。如果陳述句部分是肯定，后面問(wèn)句就用否定形式；陳述句部分是否定，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句則用肯定形式。Helikesmusic,doesn’the?Yes,hedoes.是的，他喜歡。No,hedoesn’t.不，他不喜歡。Hedoesn’tlikemusic,doeshe?Yes,hedoes.不，他喜歡。 No,hedoesn’t.是的，他喜歡。即回答應(yīng)該按實(shí)際情況來(lái)回答，實(shí)際情況是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no.小學(xué)英語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句，否定句以及對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)的解題指導(dǎo)改為一般疑問(wèn)句：先找am,is,are,was,were或can,would，放在最前面，如沒(méi)有則判斷是否為句前加Did，其余照抄；不是則判斷是否為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，句前加Does以上都不是，則Do，其余照抄。改為否定句：方法和上面一樣，先找am,is,are,was,were或can,would，再后加not，其余照抄如沒(méi)有則判斷是否為人后加didn’t，其余照抄；不是則判斷是否為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，人后加doesn’t以上都不是，則don’t，其余照抄對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：① 剩余部分改為一般疑問(wèn)句（注：如劃線部分為主語(yǔ)，則用who代替，其余照抄；如劃線部分為動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，則用do代替，句前加what，再改為一般疑問(wèn)句）例如：Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow. Isherunningnow?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.Aretheymakingapuppet?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.IoftenwatchTVintheevening.Idon’toftenwatchTVintheevening.DoyouoftenwatchTVintheevening?Yes,Ido. No,Idon’t.playsfootballafterschool.Hedoesn’tplayfootballafterschool.Doesheplayfootballafterschool?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.Webeganclassat8o’clockyesterday.Wedidn’tbeginclassat8o’clockyesterday.Didyoubeginclassat8o’clockyesterday?Yes,wedo. No,wedon’t.練一練：1、填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)詞。1) walletisit?mine.2) istheChristmasDay?onthe25thofDecember.3) isthediary?It’sunderthechair. 4) istheboyinblue?He’sMike.5) aretheearphones?Theyare25yuan. 6) isittoday?It’sSunday.7) isthisredone?beautiful.8) isitfromhere?about2kilometresaway.9) isyourcousin?He’s15yearsold. 10) doyouhavedinner?At6o’clock.11) oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?Theblue2、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。Icanseeeightrubbersinthebox.Myfatherfinetoday.

can seeinthebox? yourfathertoday?LiuTaoisplayingfootballintheplayground.

LiuTao intheplayground?Mybirthdayisonthe9thofSeptember. yourbirthday?I’dlikeanicecakeforbreakfast. likeforbreakfast?That’sNancy’s3、按要求改寫(xiě)句子。

isthat?It’sabook.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句） Myfatherisintheoffice.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） DoyouwatchTVeverySunday?（做肯定回答） Thispictureisbeautiful.（改為以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句）What picture!Openthedoorforhim.（改為否定句） Ihaveabigpresent.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） ?Therearesomeorangetrees.（改為單數(shù)句子） .wearegoingtoseeaBeijingopera.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） ?Hehassomequestions.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句） ?TheyvisitedtheirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句） they theirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival?二、基本句型：1.主+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（S+V）如：Iwork. Youstudy. They2.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（s+linkv+p）Weareintheclassroom. Theylookliketwins.Thefoodtastesdelicious. Leavesturngreen.3.主語(yǔ)+謂動(dòng)+賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O） ShestudiesEnglish. Theyplayfootball.主語(yǔ)+謂動(dòng)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（S+V+O+C）Weshouldkeepourclassclean.主語(yǔ)+謂動(dòng)+間接賓語(yǔ)(人)+直接賓語(yǔ)（物）（S+V+IO+DO）Mymothermademeanewdress. Theteachergaveussomebooks.三、按結(jié)構(gòu)分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句：只包括一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的句子。例如：Helikesswimming. Wearestudents.2．并列句：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，句與句之間用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。如Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.(youmust)Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.復(fù)合句：包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子，從句有從屬連詞（when, while,before,assoonas,if,because,so,though,etc.）引導(dǎo).如：ThefilmhadbegunWhenwegottothecinema.Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasillyesterday.練一練：連詞成句is，the，what，weather，today，likeyou，me，please，could，helpare，what，they，colourmany，minutes，hour，there，how，are，in，anhim，give，please，water，a，of，bottleto，I，put，the，ball，in，the，box，wantthere/herebe結(jié)構(gòu)1therebe結(jié)構(gòu)表示，包括thereistherearetherewastherewereThereisaschoolnearmyhome.Therearemanybooksinmyschool-bag.Therewasariverhere.herebe結(jié)構(gòu)與它類(lèi)似，用法也完全相同，只不過(guò)是表示“這里存在著什么事物或人”。2、與have、has、had的區(qū)別：Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）Therebe+名詞+某地；而have、has、had表示：某人擁有某物某人+have/has/had+某物。Ihavefivebooks.在therebe句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)動(dòng)詞用主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞用are；如有幾件物品動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定——“就近原則。Thereisadeskandmanychairs. Theresomechildren,apolicemanandanoldman.therebe句型的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把be如：Thereisn’tashopnearmyhome.Aretheresomeflowersinyourbedroom.針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語(yǔ)？much++isthere+介詞短語(yǔ)？針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What’s介詞短語(yǔ)？Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開(kāi)頭，而have練一練：1、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1)There fourseasonsinayear. 2)There notanytreestwoyearsago. thereapostofficenearyourschool?there .Howmanystops there?There onlyone.There notanystampsontheenvelope. 6) thereanybirdsinthe2、選用“have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere填空。1)I agoodfatherandagoodmother. 2) atelescopeonthedesk.3)He atape-recorder. 4) abasketballintheplayground.5)They anicegarden. 6)Myfather astory-booklastyear.7) areading-roominthebuilding? 8)WhatdoesMike ?9) anybooksinthebookcase? 10)Howmanystudents intheclassroom?11) astory-bookonthetableamomentago. 12)Whatdoyou ?some，any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句。請(qǐng)注意看例句后擴(kuò)號(hào)說(shuō)明的用法。例：Thereissomewater