高三不定式與動(dòng)名詞 教師稿

PAGEPAGE9高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí)（三）（不定式和動(dòng)名詞）你知道不定式和動(dòng)名詞可以充當(dāng)哪些成份嗎？主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√（一）不定式不定式由動(dòng)詞前加to構(gòu)成。請(qǐng)寫出以動(dòng)詞do為例的不定式的不同形式。主動(dòng)被動(dòng)否定式一般式todotobedone不定式前加not完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式前加not進(jìn)行式tobedoing/不定式前加not1.句法功能：不定式具有名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞的多種特征，因此它可以在句中作主語，賓語，定語，表語，狀語，賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)。1)主語：不定式短語做主語時(shí)有兩種位置。一是將不定式（短語）直接放在句首。翻譯：為人民服務(wù)是我們的責(zé)任。Toservethepeopleisourduty.掌握一門外語不容易。Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoteasy.動(dòng)詞不定式在句中做主語，但在多數(shù)情況下常用it做形式主語，將不定式后置，以避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕。Itisourdutytoservethepeople.Itisnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.(necessary,possible,easy,hard,essential,natural…)Itiskindofyoutohelpme.(clever,brave,stupid,foolish,polite,rude…)2)賓語：Heagreed____tokeep____(keep)itasecret.LittleJimshouldlove___tobetaken____(take)tothetheatrethisevening.Oneought__nottobepunished_____(notpunish)forwhatonehasn’tdone.Theyfounditimpossible___toget_____(get)everythingreadyintime.只用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:wanttodosth.想要做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事aimtodosth.打算做某事intendtodosth.打算做某事meantodosth.打算做某事desiretodosth.渴望做某事longtodosth.渴望做某事expecttodosth.期待做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事refusetodosth.拒絕做某事asktodosth.要求做某事demandtodosth.要求做某事begtodosth.請(qǐng)求做某事choosetodosth.決定做某事decidetodosth.決定做某事determinetodosth.決心做某事promisetodosth.答應(yīng)做某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事affordtodosth.負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事helptodosth.幫助做某事learntodosth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事managetodosth.設(shè)法做某事offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出做某事preparetodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事pretendtodosth.假裝做某事failtodosth.未能做某事happentodosth.碰巧做某事hesitatetodosth.猶豫做某事struggletodosth.努力做某事3)表語：Hiswishistobecomeascientist.WhatIwanttodoseemstotellyousomething.(one’sdream,wish,idea,plan,task,duty,Whatonewantstodo)與下面句子比較：Heistocleantheroom.Themeetingistobeheldthisafternoon.按照安排即將發(fā)生的將來時(shí)態(tài)。4)定語：（1）Ihaveanimportantmeeting__toattend______(attend).（2）Shewasthefirstperson__tothink_______(think)oftheidea.（3）Thisisthebestway_tosolve_______(solve)theproblem.（4）Heislookingforaroom___tolive_____(live)in.（5）Iamlookingforwardtoseeinghimatthemeeting_tobeheld______(hold)tomorrow思考:不定式作定語有什么特征?1、與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)。不定式的邏輯主語與句子主語不同時(shí)，作定語該被動(dòng)的用被動(dòng)形式（1、5）2、名次被最高級(jí)修飾或序數(shù)詞修飾用不定式做定語（2、3）3、不定式介詞不要漏掉（4）5)狀語：口頭翻譯下列句子，思考不定式做了什么成份。(1)Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.(2)Let’shurrysoasnottobelateforthemeeting.Hegotupsolateastomissthebustowork.(3)Ihurriedtotherailwaystation,tofindthetrainhadleft.(4)Wewererelievedtoknowthateveryonereturnedsafeandsound.(5)Thenewtoywastooadvancedfortheboytohandle.不定式在句子中可以用作_目的____狀語、_結(jié)果_____狀語和___原因____狀語.翻譯下面句子:（1）Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.____________________________________________________________________（2）Shewasonlytoohappytomeetheroldfriendinthestreet.____________________________________________________________________（3）Youcannotbetoocarefulincrossingthestreet.____________________________________________________________________6)賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)Itriedtopersuadehimtoquit,buthepersisted.Asyou’veneverbeentherebefore,I’llhavesomeone__show_____(show)youtheway.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughternever__todrive_____(drive)afterdrinking.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade__tolearn_____(learn).Healwaysworkshard.思考：用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有asksb.todosth.請(qǐng)（叫）某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事begsb.todosth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事inspiresb.todosth.鼓舞某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.說服某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事trainsb.todosth.訓(xùn)練某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事helpsb.todosth.幫助某人做某事requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事getsb.todosth.使（要）某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事causesb.todosth.導(dǎo)致某人做某事drivesb.todosth.驅(qū)使某人做某事forcesb.todosth.強(qiáng)迫某人做某事obligesb.todosth.迫使某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事注：易受漢語意思的影響的動(dòng)詞句型：“原諒某人做某事”，excuse[forgive]sb.fordoingsth.?！跋Ｍ橙俗瞿呈隆?，wishsb.todosth.?！敖ㄗh某人做某事”，advisesb.todosth.?！鞍才拍橙俗瞿呈隆保琣rrangeforsb.todosth.?！暗却橙俗瞿呈隆保瑆aitforsb.todosth.“感謝某人做某事”，thanksb.fordoingsth.?！白ＹR某人做某事”，congratulatesb.ondoingsth.?！白柚鼓橙俗瞿呈隆?，prevent/keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth。2.比較特殊現(xiàn)象.Englishisdifficult__tolearn______(learn).Westillhavemanydifficulties___toovercome______(overcome).Therearemanythings__totake/tobetaken______(take)careof.Thatistheproblem_tobesolved_______(solve)next.Heistheone__toblame_____(blame).Heistoblame=Heshouldbeblamed思考:哪些情況下,用不定式的主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)?____________________________________________________________________3.不定式的形式.todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tobedone,tohavebeendone1)一般式表示____不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生或稍前于謂語___________2)進(jìn)行式表示___強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生而且正在發(fā)生3)不定式的完成式表示__不定式的動(dòng)作明顯早于謂語動(dòng)詞4)不定式的被動(dòng)式表示句子的主語或賓語是不定式（賓語或補(bǔ)語）動(dòng)作的承受者(1)Oh,hi,Jane,veryglad______tosee_________(see)you.(2)Hethoughtitagreathonor____tobeinvited___________(invite)totheparty.(3)Ipretended____tohavefallen____(fall)asleepwhenmyfathercamein.(4)Thegirlpretended__tobelistening_(listen)whentheteacherlookedather.(5)Thebookissaid_tohavebeentranslated_(translate)intoEnglishalready.(6)Pleaseremember____tolock_____(lock)thedoorbeforeyouleavetheroom.(7)Therearetwentymoretrees___tobeplanted/toplant_(plant).(8)Heisdetermined__towork_(work)hardernextterm.5)不定式的否定式是在不定式符號(hào)前加not/neverTheyhurriedalonginordernottobelate.Myfathertoldmenevertoseeheragain.4.前加疑問代詞或副詞的不定式相當(dāng)與一個(gè)名詞性從句，如whattodo,whichtochooseHewaswonderingwhattodonext.=Hewaswondering_whatheshoulddo_______Whichtochooseishardforustodecide.=_Whichoneweshouldchoose_ishardtodecide.5.不定式省略形式Y(jié)oucantryitagainifyouwantto(tryitagain).翻譯：我不想打擾你，但是我不得不這樣因?yàn)槲彝说刂妨恕didn’twanttobotheryou,butIhadtobecauseIhadforgottentheaddress.李先生原打算來的，但是后來來不了。Mr.Lihadplannedtocome,buthewasn’tabletoatlast.(beableto,usedto,begoingto，begladto,haveto,wantto)6.but,except,和besidesTherewasnothingforthestudentstodoexcept_read_(read)thebooksaloud.Ihadnochoice/alternativebut_towait_(wait)forhim.7.熟悉下列特殊詞組和句型totellyouthetruth,…說實(shí)話prefertodo…ratherthando…寧愿做某事。。。而不寧愿做某事wouldliketodo…想做某事hadbetterdo…最好做某事It’sbettertodo…最好做某事II.Follow-up.用不定式替換下列從句：1.Pleasetellmehowtogettotherailwaystation.2.Itisnecessaryforyoutostudyhard.3.Myideaistodoittoday.4.Iexpecthimtopasstheexamination.5.Hewasthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.6.Itistimeforustostart.7.Thequestionwastoodifficultformetoanswer.8.Heisstrongenoughtoliftupthebigbox.9.Theyweresurprisedtohearthenews.10.Itwilltakeyouabouttwohourstogotherebybike.填充并說出成份：Theinspectorasked___tosee____(see)myticket.WhenIwasunable__tofind____(find)it,hemademe__buy____(buy)another.Haveyouanything__todeclare____(declare)?Theydidnothingbut_play_____(play)bridgethewholeday.Iwantyoutocloseyourbooksand_listen_____(listen)tome.Theguardnoticedastrangeman__walk____(walk)intothebank.Thebusconductortoldthepassengers__tohold____(hold)tight.Wewishyou__toknow____(know)howhappywearetohearofyoursuccess.Theanswerisdifficultforus_tofigure_____(figure)out.Doyouneed_toleave____(leave)soearly?I’dbetter__go____(go)now.Idarenot__be___(be)lateforthemeeting.10.Beforeheletus__go___(go),hemadeus__promise____(promise)_nottotell_____(nottell)anyonewhatwehadseen.Shewalkedinquietly.Shedidn’twant_tobenoticed_____(notice).Thenextthing_tobeconsidered____(consider)iswhentobeginthework.Ifeelitanhonour__tobeasked____(ask)tospeakhere.Whyareyouhere,Bob?Youought__tobedoing___(do)yourhomeworknow.Heissaid__tohavewritten____(write)twobooksinthepasttwoyears.Hewantshisshoes__tobemended____(mend)rightnow.Iregrettedansweringlikethat.Iwassorry__tohavedone____(do)so.WhatIwantis_nottobeinterrupted____(notinterrupt)whileIamworking.Lethiswords_beremembered____(remember).–I’mglad__tohavemet___(meet)youlastweek.It’smygreatpleasure__tohear____(hear)that.Nobodyisallowed_togo____(go)in.Theteachersseem__tobediscussing_____(discuss)animportantproblem.改錯(cuò)：Hewasseentoenterthathouse.Itwaswrongforofhimtotelllies.Youhadbetternottosayso.YououghttohavedoneitlastWednesday.Helikesnotonlytodiscussthingswithmebutalsoaskingtoaskformyadvice.Whatwouldyouhavemetodo?Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknowwhichtochoosewhich.Iwouldratherplayfootballthanplayvolleyball.I’mhungry.Getmesomethingforeatingtoeat.Wouldyoubesokindassteppingtostepthisway,please?翻譯（homework）：廣泛閱讀對(duì)我們來說是很重要的。Itisimportantforustoreadwidely.你說這話真蠢。Itisfoolishofyoutosayso.他的愿望是當(dāng)個(gè)物理學(xué)家。Hiswishistobecomeaphysicist.他到達(dá)車站時(shí)，我碰巧在那兒。Whenhearrivedatthestation,Ihappenedtobehere.他很想知道考試的結(jié)果。Heisonlytooanxioustoheartheresultoftheexam.我有一個(gè)會(huì)議要參加。Ihaveameetingtoattend.老師叫孩子們把書打開。Theteacheraskedthechildrentoopentheirbooks.為了學(xué)好英語，我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。TolearnEnglishwell,wemuststudyhard.（二）動(dòng)名詞I.要點(diǎn)分析：動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加-ing構(gòu)成，兼有動(dòng)詞的特征。請(qǐng)寫出以動(dòng)詞do為例的動(dòng)名詞的不同形式。動(dòng)名詞一般式完成式完成式的否定形式主動(dòng)式doinghavingdonenothavingdone被動(dòng)式beingdonehavingbeendonenothavingbeendone1.作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為.(1)It，snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview;theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.(2005北京)A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having(2)______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin(2002上海).

A.Exposed B.Havingexposed C.Beingexposed D.Afterbeingexposed(3)Itisnogood/use/useless_regretting______(regret)whatyouhavealreadydone.(4)Isitanygood/use/useless___regretting____(regret)whatyouhavealreadydone?(5)Seeingis_believing______(believe).(6)Toseeis_tobelieve_____(believe).(7)Catchingwildtigersisdangerous.(8)Tocatchthatbabytigerisfun.(9)It’simportantforus_______(learn)Englishwell.(10)It’snice(foolish,kind…)ofyou_____(help)mesolvethedifficultproblem.2.作賓語動(dòng)詞V.+doingsth(1)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_catching_____(catch).(2)Wesuggestedthattheyshouldgowithus.Wesuggested__their/them___goingwithus.(3)Thelightsneed/want/require____switching_/tobeswitched__(switch)off.Theboydeserved__praising/tobepraised_____(praise)(4)Mybrotherloves___collecting_____(collect)stamps.(5)LittleTomloves___tobetaken______(take)tothecinematonight.只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:minddoingsth.介意做某事missdoingsth.錯(cuò)過做某事enjoydoingsth.喜愛做某事appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事imaginedoingsth.想象做某事admitdoingsth.承認(rèn)做某事denydoingsth.否認(rèn)做某事avoiddoingsth.避免做某事keepdoingsth.保持做某事practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事considerdoingsth.考慮做某事advisedoingsth.建議做某事suggestdoingsth.建議做某事delaydoingsth.推遲做某事allowdoingsth.允許做某事permitdoingsth.允許做某事escapedoingsth.逃脫做某事riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事fancydoingsth.設(shè)想做某事mentiondoingsth.提及做某事forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事prohibitdoingsth.禁止做某事giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事putoffdoingsth.推遲做某事既可用不定式有可用動(dòng)名詞但意義不同的動(dòng)詞有：(1)remembertodosth.記住要做某事rememberdoingsth.記住曾做過某事(2)forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記曾做過某事(3)regrettodosth.后悔（遺憾）要做某事regretdoingsth.后悔（遺憾）曾做過某事(4)trytodosth.設(shè)法要做某事trydoingsth.做某事試試看有何效果(5)meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事(6)can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事(7)goontodosth.做完某事后接著做另一事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做一直在做的事(8)stoptodo停下來做某事stopdoing停止做某事b.介詞或詞組后接doingHeleftwithout__saying____(say)goodbyetous.Turnoffallthelightsbeforeleaving_____(leave)theclassroombeforeyou_leave____(leave)theclassroom.Thisnovelisnotworthyof__beingtranslated_____(translate).worthy__tobetranslated_______(translate)worth___translating______(translate)MotherinsistedthatJackshouldchoosehisowncareer.Motherinsisted__on______Jack’s/Jack___choosing______hisowncareer.Doyouthinkweshoulddevotemoretimeto__reading_____(read)aloud?Hepretended__tobereading______(read)whentheteachercamein.lookforwardtobe/getusedtobe/getaccustomedtoadapttoobjecttobeopposedtodevotetodedicatetocontributetoleadtoapplyto3.作表語Hisjobis__taking______(take)careofthechildren.Myaimis___tobeadmitted______(admit)tomydreameduniversity.4.作定語閱覽室___readingroom=aroomforreading____________游泳池__swimmingpool=apoolforswimming_____________一節(jié)臥鋪車廂_asleepingcoach_________________Let’sfirstfindaroom__toput_____(put)thethingsin.Isthatthebestway_tosolve_______(solve)theproblem?Heisalwaysthefirstperson__tocome____(come)andthelast__toleave______(leave).Thetopic__tobediscussed______(discuss)tomorrowisadifficultone.5.動(dòng)名詞的否定、邏輯主語和被動(dòng)形式1)Motherwasangryat__Tom’s/Tomnotreturning______(Tomnotreturn)homeontime.2)_Tom’snotreturning________(Tomnotreturn)homelatemadeMotherveryangry.3)Victorapologizedfortoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004上海春)A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotableII.Followup.Exercise1.把下列從句改為動(dòng)名詞短語.Thepupilssuggestedthattheyshouldgothereonfoot.IamsorrythatIhavekeptyouwaiting.HeinsistedthatIshouldreadthebookatonce.DoyoumindifIuseyourdictionary