中考英語動詞專項訓(xùn)練

17/17動詞（一）動詞的時態(tài)基本概念在初中英語中，共有八個時態(tài)需要掌握。它們是:theSimplePresent(一般現(xiàn)在時)theSimplePast（一般過去時）theSimpleFuture（一般將來時）thePresentContinuousTense（現(xiàn)在進行時）thePastContinuousTense（過去進行時）thePresentPerfectTense（現(xiàn)在完成時）thePastPerfectTense（過去完成時）thePastFutureTense（過去將來時）實例與用法介紹1．theSimplePresent(一般現(xiàn)在時)一般現(xiàn)在時表示目前的狀態(tài)以及經(jīng)常習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動作。例如：Theearthturnsroundthesun.(宇宙不變的真理)Igetupatsixeverymorning.（經(jīng)常習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動作）WeareJuniorThreestudents.（表示目前的狀態(tài)）2.theSimplePast（一般過去時）一般過去時可以表示過去發(fā)生的動作或情況，在句子中往往有明確的表示過去的時間狀語。例如：1)Noneofthefootballgameshadbeenmoreexcitingthantheonehewatchedyesterday.(句子中有yesterday這個明確表示過去的時間狀語)2)lastnightIgavealectureinthemeetinghall.（lastnight表示過去的時間，所以我們也用一般過去時）一般過去時有時還可以表示過去習(xí)慣的動作。例如：Whenhewasinthecountry,helikedtotakeawalkaftersupper.（句中l(wèi)iked表示他過去在農(nóng)村市常常發(fā)生的動作）Iusedtogotoworkbybus.（usedto表示“過去常?！保?．theSimpleFuture（一般將來時）一般將來時即表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。例如：Wearegoingtoenterseniorhighschoolinthenearfuture.（inthenearfuture是一個表示將來的時間狀語，所以用一般將來時，表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作）TherewillbemoreandmoreforeignersinChina.（本句表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，意為：在中國會有越來越多的外國人）4．thePresentContinuousTense（現(xiàn)在進行時）現(xiàn)在進行時表示目前正在進行的動作，句子中往往有now,atpresent,thesedays等做時間狀語。例如：1)Wearelearningeighttensesnow.（我們用一般現(xiàn)在進行時，表示目前正在進行的動作）2)Listen!Theyaresingingintheclassroom.（句子中l(wèi)isten表示“聽”，說明句中的動作正在進行之中，因此我們用現(xiàn)在進行市）5．thePastContinuousTense（過去進行時）過去進行時表示過去一個時間點或時間段中正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：1)Wewerehavingsupperatsixyesterdayevening.（過去某一個時間點atsixyesterdayevening正在發(fā)生的動作）2)Theywereplayingvideogamesfrom2p.m.to4p.m.yesterdayafternoon.（過去某一個時間段from2p.m.to4p.m.yesterdayafternoon正在發(fā)生的動作）3)WewerehavinganEnglishlessonwhenTomcamein.（當(dāng)過去某一個動作werehaving正在進行時，另一個動作came發(fā)生了）6．thePresentPerfectTense（現(xiàn)在完成時）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果，或表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：1)Wehavelearnedabouteighttensessofar.（sofar表示“至今為止”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時)2)WehavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.（這里的for+時間段表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時）3)Ihavenevermethimsincelastmonth.（這里的since+時間點表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時）7．thePastPerfectTense（過去完成時）過去完成時表示在過去某一個時間或動作前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動作，而且它常常用在賓語從句中。例如：1)Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadlearned2000Englishwords.（bytheendoflastmonth表示“到上一個周末為止，所以用過去完成時）2)Aftertheboyhadfinishedthehomework,hewatchedTV.（finish這個動作發(fā)生在過去某一動作watched之前，所以用過去完成時）8．thePastFutureTense（過去將來時）過去將來時表示對于過去某一個時間而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常用在賓語從句中。例如：1)Hesaidwewouldwinthegamethenextweek.（這句句子里用過去將來時是因為said和thenextweek的關(guān)系）練習(xí)：Ⅰ.Fillintheblankswiththeverbsintheirproperforms:I_________(finish)myhomeworkwhileyou__________(sleep)thisafternoon.Shesaidshe__________(nodo)itagain.I__________(meet)himlastweekbutI___________(notsee)himsincethen.Johnalways_______(say)thathestill___________(notknow)howtousethePresentPerfectTense.IfPeter__________(e)tomorrow,I___________(tell)himaboutit.Herelderbrother__________(join)thearmytwoyearsago.They___________(learn)severalFrenchsongsbytheendoflastterm.Look!We___________(catch)suchabigfish.Theteachersaidtheearth__________(turn)aroundthesun.Whenyou___________(have)ameeting,I________(buy)somecakesinthenextshop.She__________never_________(be)totheGreatWallbefore.We__________(talk)aboutthedevelopmentoftheInternetonthelecturenextMonday.They___________(learn)thehistoryofChinathesedays.They____________(make)modelshipsfrom3:00to5:00yesterday.You__________(fail)intheexamifyou____________(notwork)hard.Ⅱ.Choosethebestanswers:()1.Ifit_______tomorrow,we_______onatriptoHangzhou.A.rains…won’tgo B.rains….goC.willrain…go D.willrain…won’tgo()2.We_________theimportantmeetingonacoldmorninglastweek.A.washad B.washeld C.held D.have()3.It_______dark.Let’sgohomenow.A.getting B.isgetting C.get D.issounding()4.Jenny__________overthetextat8:00yesterdayevening.A.read B.reads C.wasreading D.isreading()5.Hetoldmethathe_______toseemenextweek.A.ising B.wille C.came D.woulde()6.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Tom_________thisone.A.broke B.isbreaking C.hadbroke n D.hasbroken()7.DoyouknowwhenMrsGreen__________?Whenshe_________,pleasetellher_________aboutthisletter.A.ising…..wille…type B.es….ising…totypeC.wille….es…totype D.es….wille…..type()8.Theoldman________forthreedayswhenhissongotback.A.hasbeendead B.hadbeendeadC.died D.haddied()9.WhileUncleLi________theclockforus,wewereplayingcards.A.repairedB.repairs C.wasrepairing D.isrepairing()10.Greatchanges________inChinainthepasttenyears.A.havetakenplace B.willtakeplaceC.havebeentakenplace D.tookplace()11.There________afootballmatchthisafternoon.A.has B.willhave C.is D.isgoingtobe()12.WhenIsawhersmilingface,Iknewshe_______thegoodnews.A.had B.hashad C.hadhad D.washaving()13.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.A.buys B.isbuying C.willbuy D.bought()14.HowdoyoulikeBeijin,MrBlack?Oh,I________suchabeautifulcity.A.don’tvisit B.didn’tvisit C.haven’tvisited D.hadn’tvisited()15.TheMP3_______500yuan.A.wascost B.costing C.cost D.iscostKey:Ⅰ.1.finished,weresleeping2.wouldn’tdo 3.met,haven’tseen 4.says,doesn’tknow 5.es,willtell6.joined 7.hadlearned8.havecaught9.turns10.werehaving,bought11.hasbeen12.willtalk 13.arelearning14.weremaking15.willfail,don’tworkⅡ.1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.C8.B9.C10.A11.D12.C13.D14.C15.C動詞（二）動詞的語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài)有兩種，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一、被動語態(tài)的用法1．當(dāng)我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時，常用被動語態(tài)。例如：Iwastoldyouwerelatethismorning.ManysciencebooksarewritteninEnglish.Newspapersaredeliveredat8:00everymorning.RecordersareoftenusedinourEnglishclass.2.當(dāng)動作的承受者是我們說話的中心時，或描繪一個過程或一個實驗時，我們常用被動語態(tài)。例如：Thedesignofthehotelwasmadebyayoungman.Themilkwillbeputintothecoffeeinafewminutes.二、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)形式be+過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞一般過去時was/were+過去分詞一般將來時willbe+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時has/have+been+過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞過去進行時was/were+being+過去分詞過去完成時had+been+過去分詞過去將來時would+be+過去分詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞三、如何將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)例句：Werunthatnewrestaurant.Thenewrestaurantisrunbyus.1231.變賓語為主語。2．將謂語部分的主動形式改為被動形式。要注意：第一，時態(tài)一樣；第二，謂語的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)必須和主語一致。3．By+原來的主語，但如果原來的主語是人稱代詞，則要用其賓格，因為by是介詞，后須用賓格。4．注意，有些動詞后接的動詞不定式作賓語補足語不接to,如：make,see,watch等，當(dāng)變成被動語態(tài)時，應(yīng)該加上to.例如：IheardhimsingtwoAmericansongs.改為：HewasheardtosingtwoAmericansongs.練習(xí)：Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswer:()1.Oneortwoman-madesatellites______inourcountryeveryyear.A.havebeensentupB.willbesentupC.issentupD.aresentup()2.OurTVset_____yesterday.A.isrepairedB.wasrepairedC.hadbeenrepairedD.wouldberepaired()3.Anewbuilding_____inourschoolnextyear.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.hasbeenbuilt()4.How_____theGreatPyramid(金字塔)_______manyyearsagowithoutmodernmachines.A.is…builtB.would…bebuiltC.have…beenbuiltD.was…built()5.MrLi,you_____onthephone.A.arewantedB.werewantedC.arebeingwantedD.willbewanted()6.Thismathsproblem_____outbylittleTom.A.canbeeasilyworkB.caneasilybeworkedC.caniseasilyworkedD.caneasilyworked()7.Foodandclothes____bywomen.mt56.AisoftentalkaboutB.areoftentalkedC.areoftentalkedaboutD.oftentalkedabout()8.Thebaby____whenMotherwasout.A.welllookedafterB.waslookedwellC.iswelllookedafterD.waswelllookedafter()9.Inthepasttenyear,alotofnewbuildings_____inourcity..A.areputupB.haveputupC.havebeenputD.havebeenputup()10.Joansaidthewallet____innotime.A.willbehandedinB.wouldbehandedinC.hadbeenhandedinD.wouldbehanded()11.Somepeople_________streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.weremadetoclean B.madetocleanC.madeclean D.weremadeclean()12.I_______fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gave B.wasgiving C.hadgiven D.wasgivenⅡ.Fillintheblankswiththeverbsintheirproperforms:English__________inCanada.(speak)Thiskindofcar___________inJapan.(make)Ourroommust____________clean.(keep)-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.It____________.(sell)Anewhouse___________atthecorneroftheroad.(built)Thekey___________onthetablewhenIleave.(leave)Doctors____________ineverypartoftheworld.(need)Hisnewbook______________nextmonth.(publish)Thesepapers______________yet.(notwrite)Why______ameeting______totalkaboutityesterday?(hold)Ⅲ.Rewritethesentencesasrequired:Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.(改為被動語態(tài))Abridge________________betweenthetwoislandslastyear.2.Abirthdaypartywillbegiventomorrow.(改為主動語態(tài))We_________________abirthdaypartytomorrow.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.(改為被動語態(tài))Thework____________________________intwodays.Johnwasseentocrossthestreetjustnowbysomeone.(改為主動語態(tài))Someone________John________thestreetjustnow.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))Metal___________________formakingmachines.Mybrotheroftenrepairshiswatch.(改為被動語態(tài))Hiswatch_______________________bymybrother.We’llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.(改為被動語態(tài))AnEnglishplay_________________________oninourschool.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?(改為被動語態(tài))________thewindow_____________________________yesterday?Wecan’twashthecoatinwater.(改為被動語態(tài))Thecoat___________________________inwater.Iwon’tthrowitawayagain.(改為被動語態(tài))It________________________awayagain.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.(改為被動語態(tài))ColourTVsets_____________________________moreandmorefarmers.Thethiefhasalreadystolenthepursefromthewomanonthebus.(改為被動語態(tài))Thepurse_______already_______________fromthewomanonthebus.Thehighrisehadbeenrebuiltbylastyear.(改為主動語態(tài))Theworkers________________thehighrisebylastyear.Youneedn’tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))It___________________________byyounow.LucysentmeaNewYearcardlastweek.(改為被動語態(tài))ANewYearcard_________________________mebyLucylastweekKey:Ⅰ.D.B.D.A.D.B.D.C.D.D.A.DⅡ.1.isspoken2.ismade3.bekept4.hasbeensold5.isbeingbuilt6.willbeleft7.areneeded8.willbepublished9.haven’tbeenwritten10.washeldⅢ.1.wasbuilt2.willgive3.canbefinished 4.saw….cross5.isused6.isoftenrepaired7.willbeput8.Was…brokenbyhim9.can’tbewashed10.won’tbethrown11.areboughtby12.has…beenstolen13.hadrebuilt14.needn’tbedone15.wassentto動詞（三）動詞不定式動詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語動詞。它在句中起的是名詞。形容詞或副詞的作用,可在句子中作主語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。動詞不定式的形式是"to+動詞原形",但to有時要省去。動詞不定式在具體運用時,用不用to,取決于謂語動詞的用法:一.帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)1.我們學(xué)過的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞主要有:want,ask,tell,hope,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,stop,go,e等。2.動詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即nottodosth.。例如:JimtoldmenottowakeupKate.吉姆告訴我別叫醒凱特。二．不帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)以下幾種情況使用不帶to的動詞不定式:1.在固定詞組hadbetter之后。注意:hadbetter的否定形式是hadbetternotdosth.。例如:Youhadbettergohomenow.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。It'scoldoutside.You'dbetternotgoout.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let,make,see,feel,watch,hear等感官或使役動詞后,要跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。例如:Imadethemgivemethemoneyback.我迫使他們把錢還給我。Ididn'tseeyouein.我沒看見你進來。3.在引導(dǎo)疑問句的whynot之后。"Whynot+不帶to的不定式"是Whydon'tyoudo…的省略,可以用來提出建議或勸告。例如:Whynotgowithus。為什么不和我們一起去呢。Whynottakeaholiday。=Whydon'tyoutakeaholiday。為什么不休個假呢。三．動詞不定式作主語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,采用it作形式主語,而把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后置的形式。例如：Ittookustwentyminutestogetthere.Itisourdutytocleantheroomeveryday.四．動詞不定式作定語不定式作定語,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。例如:Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.對這個問題我無可奉告。五．動詞不定式作賓語有的及物動詞要求跟復(fù)合賓語(即賓語+賓語補足語)。如果其中的賓語是不定式短語,則必須將形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上,而將不定式短語(真正的賓語)放在賓語補足語之前。例如:IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很有用。Wethoughtitwrongnottotellher.我們認為不告訴她是錯誤的。六．動詞不定式作賓語補足語動詞不定式作賓語補足語是動詞不定式用法的一個重點,學(xué)習(xí)時要注意以下三種情況:1.作動詞ask,like,tell等的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式符號to不可以省略。例如:HeaskedmetotalkaboutEnglishstudy.他請我談?wù)動⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)。2.作使役動詞let,have,make以及感官動詞feel,hear,see,watch等的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式符號to要省略。例如:Theteachermadehimsaythewordlikethis.老師讓他像這樣說這個單詞。3.作動詞help的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式符號to可以帶,也可以不帶。例如:Couldyouhelpme(to)carrytheheavybox。你能幫我搬這個重箱子嗎。七．動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式及其短語具有副詞的特性,可在句中用作狀語。1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如:Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下來休息。2.跟在作表語的形容詞或過去分詞的后面。例如:I'msorrytohearthat.聽到這事我感到很難過。3.用在too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:Heistooyoungtounderstandallthat.他太年輕了,不能理解這件事。八.動詞不定式作表語例如：Hisjobistoorganizetheclassmeeting.練習(xí):Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswer:()1.Don’tlettheboy______thestreetbyhimself.Heistooyoung.A.cross B.tocross C.crossing D.across()2.Sue’sfathertoldher_________wastefood.A.notto B.don’t C.tonot D.not()3.You’dbetter________latebecauseyou’llhavearest.A.sleep B.tosleep C.nottosleep D.notsleep()4.Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren______Englishintheroom.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.arereading()5.Heaskedme________himwithhisEnglishthisevening.A.helped B.tohelp C.helping D.help()6.Theirhouseworkis__________thestreets.A.clean B.cleaned C.cleans D.toclean()7.Didheenjoy________inChina?A.worked B.works C.working D.work()8.Pleasekeepeverything_________.A.tidying B.totidy C.tidy D.tidies()9.IwatchedTV,soIforgot_________myhomework.A.doing B.do C.todo D.did()10.Theysawaboy_________intotheriverwhiletheywerepassingityesterday.A.tofall B.fall C.fell D.falls()11.Youhadbetter_________thebadfood.A.toeat B.eat C.noteat D.nottoeat()12.Ourteacherdidn’tstop___________untileleveno’clocklastnight.A.towork B.work C.working D.works()13.Ittakesushalfanhour___________Englisheveryday.A.read B.toread C.reading D.reads()14.Whenisitsafe___________theroad?A.crossing B.cross C.tocross D.crossed()15.Noisemakesus__________verybad.A.felt B.fell C.feeling D.feel()16.Whatwouldyoulike__________forsupper？A.having B.have C.has D.tohave()17.Jimcame__________mewithmylessons.A.help B.tohelp C.helps D.helping()18.Givemesomewater___________.A.drinking B.drinks C.todrink D.isdrinking()19.Hewaskindenough____________me.A.excusing B.excuse C.excused D.toexcuse()20.Ourworktodayis_________thewholeexercisesonthe5thpage.A.finish B.fin