EAR估計平均需要量

CHILDHOODNUTRITIONANDFEEDINGDRIsEAR（估計平均需要量）RNI（推薦攝入量）AI（適宜攝入量）UL（可耐受最高攝入量）NutrientsEnergyProteinLipidCarbohydrateVitaminMineralWaterFoodfiber1.EnergyBasalmetabolism(55-44-30-25kcal/kg/d)ThermodynamiceffectoffoodPhysicalactivityGrowthExcretion

Others

peristalsisinfant7%~8%digestionabsorptionelderchildren5%Mentality

andemotionEnvironment1.EnergyGeneralEnergyNeedsBasalmetabolism50%Physicalactivity25%Growth12%Excretion8%

6~12yrsInfant110kcal/kg↓every3yrs10kcal/kg15yrs60kcal/kg2.ProteinEssentialaminoacidNon-essentialaminoacidRecommendamountbreastmilk

2.0g/kgcowmilk3.5g/kgvegetativeprotein4.0g/kgGeneralEnergyproportion8%-15%3.LipidSaturatedfattyacidUnsaturatedfattyLinoleicacid（亞油酸）→Linolenicacid（亞麻酸）→≥1:2n-6n-3GeneralEnergyproportion45-50%25-30%4.Carbohydrate<1yr

12g/kg/d>2yrs10g/kg/dGeneralEnergyproportion55%-65%Protein8%~15%Lipid25%~30%Carbohydrate55%~65%GeneralEnergyproportion5.VitaminVitAVitDVitEVitKVitBVitCFat---solubleWater---soluble6.MineralMacroelements(>0.01%BW)Traceelements(<0.01%BW)CaPKNaZnFeCoSe7.WaterNeonatal80%1yr70%………Adult55%~60%Infant150ml/kgEvery3yrs↓↓25ml/kg9yr75ml/kgAdult50ml/kg8.FoodfiberpreventconstipationdegradecholesterolInfantFeedingBreastfeedingAlbumin白蛋白↑↑Casein酪蛋白↓↓Taurine?；撬帷麲lutamate谷氨酸↑↑Advantagesprotein3：2BreastfeedingFatLong-chainlipidacid↑Unsaturatedfatty↑CarbohydrateLactose↑Bacillusbifidus↑↑VitaminA/D/E↑BreastfeedingmineralsCa:P（（2：1））--absorptionFe50%absorptionrateZn↑BreastfeedingSIgA↑↑Lactoferrin↑↑Lysozyme↑↑Bifidus↑↑Antibody↑↑ImmunizationBacillusBreastfeedingNaturalfoodConvenientfeedingRecoveringfromdeliveryBaby-motherattachmentOthersBreastfeedingElementsofbreastmilkindifferentphasecolostrum:proteintransitionalmilk:lipidmaturemilk:stableelementslatemilk:protein0~5d6~10d11d~9m>10mFormulaFeedingFormulamilkFortifiednutrientsFeZnVitAVitBVitCVitD…InfantFeeding---SupplementaryFood2wVitD4-6mRicepowder7-9mmeshedvegetable、meat、fruit、softnoodle、、biscuit10-12msoftrice、thickporridge、fine-cutvegetable、、meat、beanproductsetc.12-24mpiece-cutfood24m-normalAgefoodFeedingprinciplesReasonablefoodarrangementprotein:fat:carbohydrate≌≌1：1：：4-510%25-30%50-60%FoodqualityFeedingbehaviorFeedingenvironmentEvaluationofnutritionconditionHistoryNutritionstudyfoodinvestigationphysicalgrowthevaluationphysicalexaminationlaboratorytestStandardUnderweightStuntingWastingW≤-2SDL≤-2SDW/L≤-2SDSummaryNutrientrequirementBreastfeedingFormulafeedingSupplementaryFoodEvaluationofnutritionconditionDiscussion(TorF)1.TheVitDinbreastmilkisenoughfor