全屋定制相關(guān)材料-板材篇教案資料

全屋定制相關(guān)材料-板材篇淺談我的兒童觀淺談我的兒童觀

-7-

淺談我的兒童觀堅(jiān)持用發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)看兒童―――談?wù)勎业膬和^樂昌市第一中學(xué)林永彪［摘要］兒童觀就是對(duì)兒童的看法和認(rèn)識(shí)。對(duì)于教師來說，樹立正確的兒童觀具有重要的意義。聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)和發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)是唯物辯證法的兩個(gè)總特征。本文堅(jiān)持用發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)觀察和分析兒童。把兒童看成“正在成長中的人”，兒童的發(fā)展是一個(gè)是變化發(fā)展的過程，教師要成為促進(jìn)兒童成長的引路人。在教學(xué)中，要正確認(rèn)清和把握兒童發(fā)展過程中所處的階段及其特點(diǎn)，選擇與之相適應(yīng)的教育內(nèi)容和教育方法，幫助兒童渡過“關(guān)鍵期”。同時(shí)，在開展兒童工作時(shí)要做到與時(shí)倶進(jìn)，不斷創(chuàng)新，促進(jìn)兒童的健康成長。［關(guān)鍵詞］兒童觀教育辯證發(fā)展觀兒童觀，就是對(duì)兒童的看法和認(rèn)識(shí)，也就是是成人如何看待和對(duì)待兒童的觀點(diǎn)的總和。它涉及到兒童的能力與特點(diǎn)、地位與權(quán)利、兒童期的意義、兒童生長發(fā)展的形式和成因、教育同兒童發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系等諸多問題。對(duì)兒童的看法和認(rèn)識(shí)不同，教育兒童的內(nèi)容、方法以及具體的教育任務(wù)也不同。錯(cuò)誤的兒童觀會(huì)導(dǎo)致不科學(xué)的教育方法曾對(duì)兒童身心發(fā)展產(chǎn)生過不良影響，阻礙了人類自身的發(fā)展，阻礙了社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。專家學(xué)者們認(rèn)為：２１世紀(jì)應(yīng)成為教育的世紀(jì)、兒童的世紀(jì)。在我國，目前在校中小學(xué)學(xué)生和幼兒園、托兒所的兒童，將是２１世紀(jì)社會(huì)各方面的主力軍。為了使我國能在２１世紀(jì)的國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中處于有利地位，全面建成小康社會(huì)，進(jìn)而建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢(mèng)，必須運(yùn)用正確的兒童觀作指導(dǎo)去培養(yǎng)和造就下一代。筆者認(rèn)為，面向21世紀(jì)，我們必須堅(jiān)持用發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)看兒童。唯物辯證法認(rèn)為：一切事物都處在永不停息的運(yùn)動(dòng)、變化和發(fā)展的過程中，整個(gè)世界就是一個(gè)無限變化和永恒發(fā)展著的物質(zhì)世界，發(fā)展是新事物代替舊事物的過程。這就要求我們堅(jiān)持用發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)觀察和分析兒童問題。一、要把兒童看成變化發(fā)展的過程兒童不是“小大人”，而是正在成長中的人。在兒童的成長過程中，總要經(jīng)歷一個(gè)由小到大、由弱到強(qiáng)、由不成熟到比較成熟的過程。作為兒童，剛開始時(shí)總是比較弱小的，在其成長的每個(gè)階段都難免會(huì)有這樣那樣的“缺陷”和“毛病”。作為成年人的教師，一定要用發(fā)展的眼光看待兒童成長過程中的中出現(xiàn)的問題。人類的童年期長于動(dòng)物的童年期，這為兒童以后的發(fā)展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。兒童在體力、智力、情感、社會(huì)性、道德等許多方面會(huì)弱于成年人，他們是正在發(fā)展中的人。不能因?yàn)閮和跣?、想問題辦事情的能力比較低、情感單純片面、自控能力較差和社會(huì)性低等不足，就輕視他們，使他們被動(dòng)發(fā)展。我們要相信兒童是有能力的、積極主動(dòng)的權(quán)利主體，應(yīng)有主動(dòng)發(fā)展自己潛能的機(jī)會(huì)，在出生、成長、發(fā)育的過程中，成為自主的行動(dòng)者，能表達(dá)自己的主張和意見，充分行使自己的權(quán)利。陳鶴琴主張兒童教育的基本原則是“做中教，做中學(xué)，做中求進(jìn)步”。他說：“凡是兒童自己能夠做的，應(yīng)當(dāng)讓他自己做?！焙脛?dòng)是兒童的“天性”，盡管有些事情做不好，甚至?xí)咽虑椤案阍摇?，但兒童總是希望能夠自己?dòng)手做一些事情，教師應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量滿足他們的愿望，讓孩子多做一些力所能及的、有益于身心發(fā)展的事情，如自己吃飯、穿衣，和小伙伴一同玩游戲等等。兒童做事的過程就是和客觀事物接觸的過程和自身發(fā)展的過程，在這一過程中不斷加深對(duì)事物的認(rèn)識(shí)。事情越做興趣越濃，能力也就越強(qiáng)，自身也在“做事”的過程中變化發(fā)展。二、要準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)清和把握兒童在發(fā)展過程中所處的階段和地位“兒童系指18歲以下的任何人，除非對(duì)其適用之法律規(guī)定成年年齡低于18歲。”這是依據(jù)《國際兒童權(quán)利公約》界定的。《兒科學(xué)》里把兒童年齡分為七個(gè)時(shí)期：一，胎兒期（從卵子和精子結(jié)合到出生，約280天）；二，

新生兒期

（從

臍帶

結(jié)扎至出生后足28天）；三，嬰兒期（出生后28天到滿一周歲，又稱乳兒期）；四，幼兒期（1周歲到滿3周歲）；五，學(xué)齡前起（3周歲后到入小學(xué)前6～7歲）；六，學(xué)齡期（6～7歲至女12歲，男13歲）七，少年期（青春期）（女孩從11～12歲到17～18歲，男孩從13～14歲到18～20歲）。我國法律把18周歲作為成年和未成年人的“分水嶺”。教育者應(yīng)該根據(jù)兒童處于不同的年齡階段所具有的不同的生理、心理、智力發(fā)展程度和特點(diǎn)選擇不同的教育內(nèi)容和教育方法，切忌“一刀切”。例如兒童處于幼兒期時(shí)，在感覺能力訓(xùn)練中，3歲時(shí)，兒童已經(jīng)能分辨圓形、方形和三角形；4歲時(shí)，已經(jīng)能將兩個(gè)三角形拼成一個(gè)大三角形，把兩個(gè)半圓形拼成一個(gè)圓形；5歲時(shí)，已經(jīng)能認(rèn)識(shí)橢圓形、菱形、五角形、六角形和圓形，并能將長方形折成正方形，把正方形折成三角形。對(duì)幼兒來說，對(duì)不同幾何圖形辨別的難度有所不同，提高兒童的感覺能力應(yīng)該由易到難，其順序是：圓形→正方形→半圓形→長方形→三角形→五邊形→梯形→菱形。又如兒童處于青春期（男孩14歲，女孩13歲左右）時(shí)，也就是處于義務(wù)教育階段八年級(jí)時(shí)，這一時(shí)期是兒童發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，是兒童心理和生理的發(fā)生巨變的時(shí)期，也是教育的重要時(shí)期。由于多種原因，一些兒童會(huì)出現(xiàn)不良的品德或行為，這些勢(shì)必增加學(xué)校管理、教師教育教學(xué)難度。要抓好這一關(guān)鍵時(shí)期有必要對(duì)八年級(jí)學(xué)生心理、生理進(jìn)行剖析，研究出對(duì)策，以矯正其不良心理和行為。所以在八年級(jí)時(shí)，教育者要特別注重對(duì)其進(jìn)行心理健康教育，以確保兒童能夠順利渡過“危險(xiǎn)期”。第一、遵循教育規(guī)律，尊重學(xué)生人格，恢復(fù)或培養(yǎng)他們的自尊心，盡可能滿足他們正當(dāng)?shù)男睦硇枰?。?duì)不正當(dāng)?shù)男睦硇枰托恼f服，講清道理，給予正確引導(dǎo)。第二、提高心理健康輔導(dǎo)水平。對(duì)心理健康的學(xué)生主要進(jìn)行心理衛(wèi)生教育和心理訓(xùn)練，提高學(xué)生心理品質(zhì)，健全人格結(jié)構(gòu)，改善心理穩(wěn)定能力；增強(qiáng)智力和能力水平，充分發(fā)揮心理優(yōu)勢(shì)和精神潛力，克服逆反心理和自卑心理。對(duì)心理缺陷的學(xué)生進(jìn)行科學(xué)的心理訓(xùn)練和糾正教育，采取談心、對(duì)話、座談、咨詢等靈活多樣的形式進(jìn)行心理教育，使他們逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為心理健康、心理品質(zhì)良好的學(xué)生。第三、適時(shí)、適度地進(jìn)行青春期性道德教育和性心理衛(wèi)生健康教育，預(yù)防性犯罪。在八年級(jí)階段的學(xué)生，因各種原因，最容易受到外界因素的影響而外出，造成身心傷害。學(xué)校、家庭因必須加強(qiáng)這方面的預(yù)防教育，要采取及時(shí)的措施，如定期召開男、女生青春期教育會(huì)，講清青春期應(yīng)注意的有關(guān)事項(xiàng)以及學(xué)生外出給家庭、社會(huì)及個(gè)人造成的危害；同時(shí)，要充分運(yùn)用生理衛(wèi)生課，加強(qiáng)性知識(shí)的教育，以達(dá)到預(yù)防教育的目的。第四、開展豐富多彩的校園活動(dòng)和家庭活動(dòng)，為學(xué)生展示自身才藝提供舞臺(tái)或機(jī)遇，激發(fā)其成就感心理。通過開展適合學(xué)生興趣和特長的集體活動(dòng)如開展家庭旅游或游戲，在學(xué)校應(yīng)定期組織友誼賽、文藝表演、趣味文體活動(dòng)等，逐步擺脫學(xué)生自我中心的束縛，促進(jìn)良好心理品質(zhì)的形成。第五、開展學(xué)科興趣小組活動(dòng)、學(xué)科知識(shí)競(jìng)賽等激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣，培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)興趣把他們旺盛精力引導(dǎo)到學(xué)習(xí)軌道上來。第六、學(xué)校要充分利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，正確引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)，克服學(xué)生上網(wǎng)打游戲成癮。第七、學(xué)校要健全管理機(jī)制和形成良好的輿論導(dǎo)向，同時(shí)，必須強(qiáng)化行為規(guī)范，提高道德認(rèn)識(shí)，建立良好的育人氛圍和環(huán)境。三、要有創(chuàng)新精神，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，促進(jìn)新事物的成長“創(chuàng)新”是一個(gè)民族的靈魂，是一個(gè)國家興旺發(fā)達(dá)的動(dòng)力。兒童具有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲望和廣泛的興趣愛好，經(jīng)?！按蚱粕冲亞柕降住?；有求異思維的傾向，喜歡尋找多種或跟成人不同的答案。教育工作者要有創(chuàng)新的精神引導(dǎo)孩子的創(chuàng)新能力。首先要保護(hù)孩子的好奇心，好奇心是創(chuàng)新的前軀，也是幼兒獲得知識(shí)的必要條件，而大量的知識(shí)積累又是形成和發(fā)展孩子的創(chuàng)新才能的重要基礎(chǔ)之一。好奇心會(huì)激發(fā)起孩子強(qiáng)烈的求知欲望，從小培養(yǎng)孩子的探索精神，對(duì)孩子的一生大有裨益。所以，在孩子對(duì)他所接觸的事物產(chǎn)生好奇時(shí)，一定要保護(hù)好和引導(dǎo)好孩子的好奇心，盡可能讓他接觸周圍事物，最大限度地激發(fā)和滿足他的求知欲望。要從以下幾方面著手：1、鼓勵(lì)孩子大膽進(jìn)行探索。孩子的天性是玩，聰明的孩子不可能是不會(huì)玩的孩子。家長要積極鼓勵(lì)孩子進(jìn)行探索性玩耍。2、日常學(xué)習(xí)生活中，要經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)孩子從多角度看待事物和分析事物，慢慢養(yǎng)成換一種思路考慮問題的好習(xí)慣。社會(huì)生活和家庭生活中的每一個(gè)事物，都可以作為啟發(fā)孩子多角度思維的內(nèi)容。啟發(fā)孩子多角度思考問題，實(shí)際上就是進(jìn)行發(fā)散性思維的訓(xùn)練。培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維是培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力的前提，教育者要注意從小引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)。3、任何事物都是矛盾的統(tǒng)一體，在孩子的身上有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也有缺點(diǎn)和不足之處，要讓孩子具有創(chuàng)新能力，就看教育者怎么調(diào)教。在素質(zhì)教育中教師的作用不是包管一切，卻是不管中的管，寬中有嚴(yán)，給孩子一個(gè)獨(dú)立的廣闊天空，讓孩子科學(xué)思維是發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的向?qū)?，離開了這個(gè)向?qū)В陀锌赡鼙粋慰茖W(xué)鉆了空子，就可能分不清什么是科學(xué)，什么是迷信，什么是科幻，什么是神話，什么是真實(shí)，什么是魔術(shù)。孩子的創(chuàng)造個(gè)性的培養(yǎng)與學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境和氛圍有密切關(guān)系。在家庭教育中，要保持家庭成員之間的和睦相處，平等生活，遇事互相探討，共同商量，有理為正，有理為真。孩子在平等的氣氛中長大，沒有拘束和壓力，才能有開放的思維，愉悅的心境，和不時(shí)閃爍出創(chuàng)造的思維之光。

定語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練及答案解析定語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練及答案解析

/定語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練及答案解析定語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

=1\*ROMAN

I

選擇最佳答案:1.Thesilk_______ismadeinHangzhousellswell.A.thatB.whoC.whatD./2.Theman_______todayleftthismessageforyou.A.calledB.hascalledC.whomcalledD.whocalled3.Doyoulivenearthebuilding______colourisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.its4.Hehelpedhisfatheronthefarm______theylived.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where5.I’moneoftheboys_____neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoisC.whoareD.whoam6.All_____shouldbedonehasbeendone.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whatever7.Jacktoldmeeverything_______heknewaboutit.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who8.Myfatherworksinthefactory______thistypeoftruckismade.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.fromwhichD.ofwhich9.Theschool_______wevisitedlastweekwasbuiltin1956.A./B.whereC.thatD.bothAandC10.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.ofthat11.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions_______wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which12.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which13.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone________familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose14.All_______isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which15.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom16.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

=2\*ROMAN

II

用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1)I’llneverforgetthedayon________theymetfortheveryfirsttimelastsummer.2)Thisistheplace_________hesooftenmentionedtome.3)Theonlything________interestedhimwasthathecoulddoanything_________hewantedto.4)“Whatascientist!Whatwonderfulinvention!”hetalkedexcitedlyaboutBillGatesandhisMicrosoftCompany_________isnowafocus(焦點(diǎn))ofnewspapersandtelevision.5)Heisold,________factisimportantinthiscase.6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__________hehadstolen.7)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_________wesawthen.8)With_________wereyoutalking?9)Thisistheverypresent__________mymothergaveme.10)Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings________theyareontheirwayhome.11)Whichisthebike__________ismadeinShanghai?12)Ithinkthisisthemostbeautifuldress______Iown.13)Those_______wanttobuythehousemaysigntheirnamesfirst.14)Mysister,__________youmetinGuangzhou,hasboughtanewcar.15)That’stheway_______theywork.

=3\*ROMAN

III

把下列各題的兩句話合并成一個(gè)帶定語從句的復(fù)合句。1)ThestudentswillnotbeabletopasstheEnglishexam.Theydon’tworkhardenough.2)Theteacherismyphysicsteacher.Yousawhimontheplaygroundjustnow.3)ThewomanisanEnglishteacher.Sheisstandingattheschoolgate.4)Thisisthegirl.Hersisterisafamoussinger.5)Thebookisgood.Iamreading.

=4\*ROMAN

IV

完成下列句子。Hereistheknife_________________________________________（你昨天丟失的）。Thisisthebestnovel_____________________________________（我讀過的）。Ihavelostthedictionary____________________________________（我姐姐給我買的）。Riceisaplant________________________________________（中國南方種植的）。Thewoman________________________________________（上周六給他們做報(bào)告的）isafamousscientist.Ⅴ改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤：1.Mr.BrownistalkingtothestudentswhocomesfromCanada.2.Thefactorywhichwearegoingtoworkisfarfromhere.3.Thisistheroominthatwelivedlastyear.4.Theytalkedofthingsandpeoplewhotheyrememberedinthehospital.5.AllwhichIraqpeoplewantispeace.6.Anyonethatbreakstherulewillbepunished.7.ThisisthechildwhofatherdiedofSARS.8.Ihavelostmypen,thatIlikeverymuch.9.IwenttothelibrarybutIdidn’tfindthebookthatIneededit.10.Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelooking.Keys:

=1\*ROMAN

I

選擇：.D.5.C.6.C.7.B.8.B.9.D.10.B.11.D.12.D.13.D.14.B.15.D.16.B.

=2\*ROMAN

II

1.which介詞后面只能用which.2.that/which3.that,(that)當(dāng)先行詞指物，且被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用that.4.that5.which6.that（同3）7.that當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)。8.whom9.that當(dāng)先行詞指物，且被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用that.10.that11that在特殊疑問句中定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能與疑問詞重復(fù)。12.that當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，指物只能用that引導(dǎo)。13.whothose指人時(shí)用who.14.whom.非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)用which;當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),并在從句中作主語時(shí)用who;在從句中作賓語時(shí)用whom.15.that.way作先行詞時(shí)，常用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)定于從句.

=3\*ROMAN

III

1.Thestudentswho/thatdon’tstudyhardwillnotbeabletopasstheEnglishexam.2.Theteacher(who/that)yousawontheplaygroundismyphysicsteacher.3.Thewomanwho/thatisstandingattheschoolgateisanEnglishteacher.4.Thisisthegirlwhosesisterisafamoussinger.5.Thebook(that/which)Iamreadingisgood.

=4\*ROMAN

IV

1.(which/that)youlostyesterday2.(that)Ihaveread3.(which/that)mysisterboughtme4.Which/thatisgrowninthesouthofChina5.WhogavethemthereportlastSaturdayⅤANSWERS:comes改為come或students改為student。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。which前加上in或which改為where。定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞work是不及物動(dòng)詞，先行詞factory在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語而非賓語。試比較：Thisisthefactorywhich/thatIvisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)Iworkedlastyear.that改為which或in放在lived之后。關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般要放在它們之前，但其關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom;若先行詞是表示人的名詞時(shí)，用whom；若表示物的名詞則用which。介詞也可放在從句原來的位置上。who改為that。先行詞既有表示人的名詞，又有表示物的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that。which改為that。當(dāng)先行詞是all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that。that改為who。當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,anyone或those時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用who。who改為whose。先行詞child在定語從句中作定語。作定語的關(guān)系代詞無論指人還是指物，一律用whosethat改為which。引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which，不用that。去掉it。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，無論省略與否，從句中不可再使用it,them,him之類的代詞。for放在looking之后。Lookfor是固定短語，英語中的固定短語一般不可分開使用。

八年級(jí)英語語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案八年級(jí)英語語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案

/八年級(jí)英語語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have+過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞have有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。以study為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式

疑問式

Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….

HaveIstudied…?

Youhavenot(haven’t)studied….

Haveyoustudied…?

Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….

Hashestudied…?

否定疑問式

簡(jiǎn)單回答（肯定/否定）

HaveInot(Haven’tI)studied…?

Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.

Haveyounot(Haven’tyou)studied…?

Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.

Hashenot(Hasn’the)studied…?

Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.

（2）用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我們以前見過面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我們沒有見到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：since和for的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長達(dá)多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.2）表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.×Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.×Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×以上三句話可以改為：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes2）have(has)been和have(has)gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用“have(has)gone”。試比較：Wherehashebeen?他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Wherehashegone?他上哪兒去了？（人不在）TheyhavebeentoCanada.他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）TheyhavegonetoCanada.他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein，但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等連用。例如：Shehasalreadycome.她已經(jīng)來了。Ihaven’treadityet.我還沒讀過這個(gè)。Ihavemethimbefore.我從前曾見過他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYan’an.他們從未去過延安。Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近來沒看到他。Exercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.come B.got C.arrived D.been2.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2 B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2. D.myagewas6.3.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.after B.since C.for D.that5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.met B.havemet C.hadmet D.willmeet6.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemade B.havebecome C.havebeen D.haveturned8.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslived B.lived C.havebeen D.live9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.wentto D.willgoto10.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)?I__________________beentoMacaubefore.

2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就劃線部分提問)_____________hecometoschool?

3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)??I____just____anewbike.

4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑問句）6.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook?Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案一、翻譯下列句子：你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？2.我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書。3.我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。4.他已經(jīng)吃過午飯5.你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？6.我哥哥還沒回來。7.這本字典我已買了三年了。8.他離開中國三年了。9.我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。10.他們已去了美國五年了。11.自從他搬到濟(jì)寧，他就住這兒了。12.我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。13.自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。14.我來到這個(gè)學(xué)校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空1.______twoyears2.____twoyearsago3.___lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7_______4hours8._____anhourago___wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.____shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。①arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetosp→beinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________Beijingfor.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)Theycameherelastweek.They___________heresince_____________.②cometo/gobackto/returnto→bebacktogoout→beout1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.2)WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.③become→be1)Ibecameateacherin2000.I________________ateacherfor_________________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver______________dirtyfor_______________.④close→beclosedopen→beopen1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_____________________for_________________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→beup；die→bedead；leavesp.→beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep；finish/end→beover；marry→bemarried；1)Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.2)HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.6)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.；begin→beon1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep；lose→nothave；buy→have；puton→wearcatch/getacold→haveacold；gettoknow→know1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apenfor_____________.3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________himsince___________.4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→bealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a_________________fortwoyears.He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.He_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________a________for______________________.Mybrother___________in___________fortwoyears.四、劃線提問1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各種形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?I____tothezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?七用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”八.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem____________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)herpen.________you_______(see)ithereandthere?6._________you_____(find)yourwatchyet?7.Areyouthirsty?NoI_________just_________(have)someorange.8.Wealready_________(return)thebook.9.________they_______(build)anewschoolinthevillage?10.I_____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.參考答案：1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.since1.have,seen,saw2.Has,finished3.has,come4.hasgone5.haveworked,moved6.havemade7.have,stayed8.have,finished9.goes10.have,found11.is12.werereading13.isclimbing14.iscoming15.Have,seenKeys:1.Howlonghave,beenthere2.Howlonghas,livedhere3.Whendid,leavehere4.Whendid,buyKeys:1.never2.just,already3.for4.ever,never5.yet,just/already現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題答案一．翻譯下列句子：1.Haveyoueverhad/eatenfishandchips?2.Ihavejustlostmychemistrybook.3.Ihaveneverbeentothefarmbefore.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch=Hehashadlunchalready.5.Haveyouseenthemovieyet?6.Mybrotherhasn’tcome/get/beenbackyet=Mybrotherhasn’treturnedyet.7.Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.8.HasbeenawayfromChinaforthreeyears.9.Ihaveknownthemforfiveyears.10.TheyhavebeenintheUSAforfiveyears.11.HehasbeenheresincehemovedtoJining.12.Mysisterhasbeenacollegestudentforthreeyears=Mysisterhasbeenincollegeforthreeyears.13.Theyhaveknowneachothersince1999.14.Ihavebeeninthisschoolforoverthreeyears.二、用since或者for填空1.for2.since3.since4.since5.since6.since7.for8since9.since10.since11.since12.since13.since14.for15.for16.since三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語

①1.hasbeenin,fiveminutes2.havebeenin,20083.havebeenat,twodays4.havebeen,lastweek②1.havebeenout,twoyears2.havebeenback,yesterday③1.havebeen,nineyears2.hasbeen,twoyears④1.hasbeenclosed,twohours2.hasbeenopen⑤1.havebeenup,twohoursago2.hasbeenawayfrom3.hasbeendead,sevenyears4.hasbeenover5.havebeenasleep,twohoursago6.havebeenmarried,1990⑥1.havetaught,19952.hasbeenon,twominutes⑦1.havekept,lastweek2.havehad,twohours3.haveknown,lastyears4.haveworn,threeyears⑧hasbeenin⑨hasbeen,Leaguememberhasbeen,memberof,Leaguehasbeenin2.hasbeen,soldier,twoyearshasbeen,thearmy

四、劃線提問1.Howlonghave,beenthere2.Howlonghas,livedhere3.Whendid,leavehere4.Whendid,buy五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:WherehasLiFeigone?B:HehasgonetoHainanIsland.A:Howlonghashebeenthere?B:Hehasbeenthereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,Ihaveneverbeenthere.A:HowmanytimeshasLiFeibeentothatplace?B:Hehasbeenthereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各種形式填空。1.hasgonet2.wentto3.hasbeenin4.have,beenin5.havebeenin6.Have,beento;havebeen7.havebeenin/at8.hasgoneto9.didgo;went10.go;havebeen11.are,going;amgoing12.goes13.Did,go14.Do,go七、綜合練習(xí):1.never2.just,already3.for4.ever,never5.yet,just/already八.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：1.lived/hasbeenliving2.havebeen3.went4.haspassed;left5.haslost;have,seen6.Have,found7.have,had8.have,returned9.Have,built10.haven’tfinished11.hasread12.bought13.lost14.havebeenreading/hasread

新概念二冊(cè)(上)1-24課測(cè)試卷新概念二冊(cè)(上)1-24課測(cè)試卷

/

1/5新概念二冊(cè)(上)1-24課測(cè)