北大離散數(shù)學(xué)08資料講解

北大離散數(shù)學(xué)08改革后專四新題型寫作8套模擬題和范文改革后專四新題型寫作8套模擬題和范文

改革后專四新題型寫作8套模擬題和范文模擬題一ReadcarefullythefollowingexcerptonHistoricalDebateonAnimalExperimentation,andthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN200WORDS,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonwhetherweshoulduseanimalsforexperimentationpurposeornotYoushouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt。Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.FailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarksHistoricalDebateonAnimalExperimentationAstheexperimentationonanimalsincreased,especiallythepracticeofvivisection,sodidcriticismandcontroversy.In1655，theadvocateofGalenicphysiologyEdmundO’Mearasaidthat"themiserabletortureofvivisectionplacesthebodyinanunnaturalstate.”O(jiān)'Mearaandothersarguedthatanimalphysiologycouldbeaffectedbypainduringvivisection,renderingresultsunreliable.Therewerealsoobjectionsonanethicalbasis,contendingthatthebenefittohumansdidnotjustifytheharmtoanimals.Earlyobjectionstoanimaltestingalsocamefromanotherangle--manypeoplebelievedthatanimalswereinferiortohumansandsodifferentthatresultsfromanimalscouldnotbeappliedtohumans.Ontheothersideofthedebate,thoseinfavorofanimaltestingheldthatexperimentsonanimalswerenecessarytoadvancemedicalandbiologicalknowledge.ClaudeBernardwhoissometimesknownasthe"princeofvivisectors"andthefatherofphysiology,andwhosewife,MarieFrancoiseMartin,foundedthefirstanti-vivisectionsocietyinFrancein1883famouslywrotein1865that"thescienceoflifeisasuperbanddazzlinglylightedhallwhichmaybereachedonlybypassingthroughalongandghastlykitchen".Arguingthat"experimentsonanimals…areentirelyconclusiveforthetoxicologyandhygieneofman...theeffectsofthesesubstancesarethesameonmanasonanimals,savefordifferencesindegree",Bernardestablishedanimalexperimentationaspartofthestandardscientificmethod.模擬題二Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptonfirst-tiercitieslivabilityinChina,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonwhetheryoungpeopleshouldchoosethefirst-tiercitiesastheirdwellingplaceYoushouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organization,languagequality.FailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarksFirst-tierCitiesAreBarelyLivableMostfirst-tiercitiesinChinaarebarelysuitableforlivingduetotheirpoorecologicalenvironment,despiterapideconomicdevelopmentandpreferentialregulationsforinvestment,saidanewlyreleasedreportbyatopChinesethinktankonSundayFirst-tiercities,includingBeijing,ShanghaiandGuangzhou,failedtomakethelistofhabitablecitieseventhoughtheyareinthetop10intermsofcommercialadvantages,unificationofcityandcountryside,andculturedevelopment,accordingtoareportonChina’surbancompetitivenessfromtheNationalAcademyofEconomicStrategyundertheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesBeijingranksbestintermsofacademicresourcesandintellectualatmosphere,second-bestinbusinessenvironmentandsustainability,andthirdinculturalindustry.Butitdroppedto74thand119thinhabitableandecologicalenvironment,thereportsaidHuangHui,a27-year-oldsoftwareengineerfromBeijing,saidhefoundthereportobjective"."Beijinghasthebestmedical,academicresourcescomparedwithothercities,butit'snotnecessarilythebestchoicewhenitcomestobeinghabitable,"hesaid.I’mproudoftheculturaldiversificationinthecity，butit’sapitythatBeijingsacrificesthemostbasicessentials，airandwater，simplyinexchangeforalltherapiddevelopment.”Inthepastdecade,therehavebeenmountingproblemsincitiesnationwide,includingtrafficjams,housingtensionandfoodsafetyissuesHowever,manyfirst-tiercities,despitetheiroutstandingcompetitiveness,arebarelypeople-orientedandhardlysatisfactoryinecologicalprotection,LIsaid.Highhousingpriceshavebecomethemainreasonthatsomecitiesareincreasinglyuninhabitable".Withotherreasonsincludingpoorairqualityandtrafficcongestion,hesaid.Accordingtothereport,livabilityistheprimaryandmostbasicfunctionofacityandplaysakeyroleinupgradingurbancompetitiveness.模擬題三ReadcarefullythefollowingexcerptonoverseasstudyinanearlyageamongChinesestudents,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonwhetherChinesestudentsshouldstudyabroadatayoungerageYoushouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.MoreStudentsChoosetoStudyAbroadIndustryexpertspointedoutthatthereisaprevailingtrendofChinesestudentsstudyingoverseasatayoungerage.ThistrendisreflectedinthefactthatthenumberofChinesestudentssittingthecollegeentranceexamisinadownwardtrendInBeijing,itisthefifthyearinarowthatthenumbershavefallen.About76,000studentssigneduptotaketheexamthisyear,down6percentfromayearearlier,markingthelowesteverapplicationlevel,accordingtoBeijingEducationExaminationAuthority.So,whatisbehindtheloweringageofoverseasChinesestudents?First,goingabroadisanalternativetothenationalcollegeentranceexam,whichhaslongbeendescribedasastampedeof"thousandsofsoldiersandtensofthousandsofhorsesacrossasinglelogbridge”.“Theenormouspressurewilldefinitelyharmachild’sphysicalandmentalhealth,andIdon’tthinkit'sworthwhilethatallthehardworkgoesintoaone-timeexam,”headded.LuJun,aseniorconsultantatChivastEducationInternationalCo.whichisthefirstapprovedintermediaryagencybytheMinistryofEducation,saidmostChineseparentfirmlybelievethattheyoungertheirchildrengoabroad,thesoonertheygetaccustomedtothelocalculturalandsocialenvironmentStudyingabroadcancultivateyoungstudentstobemoreindependentandmoreadaptabletonewenvironments.Theseabilitieswillhelptheminjob-huntinginthefuture,saidLuInthenextdecade,thepopulationofChina'smiddleclasswillreachsome400millionfromitscurrent150million,accordingtotheBostonConsultingGroupforecast.模擬題四Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptonjob-hopping,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonwhetherjob-hoppingisagoodthing.Youshouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.IsJob-hoppingaGoodThing?ChangingjobseverycoupleofyearsisthenewnormamongChinesegraduates.AsurveyconductedbyPekingUniversityandG,theleaderofdomesticclassifiedwebsites,showsthatnearlyhalfofyounggraduatesbornafter1990plantosticktotheirfirstjobsforonlyoneyear“Iseenoreasontoremainloyaltoanemployerwhodoesn’treciprocate.Iwantstability,butI'mnotwillingtowaste5yearsofmylifeworkingforacompanywhenIhavenoopportunityofadvancement,lowpay,apoorenvironment,andzerobenefits.Ifcompanieswantustostickaround,theyhavetogiveusareasontostay.“Job-hoppingisgood,maybeforthepersonsinceitgiveshimthechancetoenhancehisskillsindifferentjobs.Italsohelpshimsearchforthejobhereallylikesanddevelopstheknowledgeofsuchajob.”Ithinkjob-hoppingisnecessaryforpeoplewhoareambitiousandwanttohaveabrightfuture.It'sespeciallyverypopularamongyoungpeopleiftheythinktheycannotgetanyprospectsofopportunity,promotionandfairtreatmentlikesalaryorPosition.Yes,ifitisthecase,Ithinkit'sthetimeforthemtochangetoanotherjob.Asforme,IprefertoquitmyJobtofindanotherjob,sincethesalaryisnotenougheventosupportmyfamily.Andmybossdoesn'ttreatmewellsoIhavenoloyaltytothiscompany.”模擬題五Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptontheeffectsofpart-timejobsonstudents,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonwhethercollegestudentsshouldhavepart-timejobsintheircollegedays.Youshouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.TheEffectsofPart-timeJobsonStudentsWhileacademicsarethemainfocusofcollegestudents,manywillalsospendtheircollegeyearsinpart-timeemployment.Inthereport"StudentEmploymentandHigherEducation:EmpiricismandContradiction”,membersoftheAmericanEducationalResearchAssociationreportedthatmorethan50percentofstudentsattendingfour-yearcollegesworkparttime.ThereasonsforworkingmayvaryearningfundsfortuitionorspendingmoneybutmanybenefitsexistbeyondthepaycheckClassroomlearningisimportant,butthecultureofworkplacesandofficesishardtoimpartwithintheclassroom.Holdingdownaregularpositionoutsidetheclassroomwillallowstudentstogainfirsthandexperienceinofficecultureandpolitics,whichwillbehelpfulupongraduationandtheirfirstfull-timejobIntoday'sweakeconomy,itisevenmorecrucialforstudentstomakeasmanyvaluableconnectionsaspossible.Workingparttimeforacampusofficeoroff-campusorganizationwillallowstudentstonetworkoutsidetheirsocialcircles,givingthemvaluablerecommendationsandcontactsfortheirfull-timejobsearch.Manyon-campuspart-timejobswillgivestudentsanopportunitytolearnadministrativeskills,suchasphoneandemailetiquette,officeelectronicstroubleshootingandmeetingmanners.Gainingsuchskillswhileinschoolwillplaceastudent-employeeaheadofthecurvewhentheyenterthefull-timeworkforce.模擬題六Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptonpeople’sargumentsonprosandconsofadvertising,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonthedebateandgiveyourideasYoushouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.ProsandConsofAdvertisingAdvertisinghasalwaysbeenacontroversialissue.Somepeoplecontendthatadvertisinghaspositiveimpactsonsocietywhileothersthinkitalsohasnegativeinfluences.Thefollowingaresomeofthesupporters'andopponentsopinions.“Dailylifeneedsadvertisementsbecausethemainfunctionofadvertisingistodisseminateinformationoncommodities,services,culture,employment,studentenrollmentandevenmarriage.”“Advertisementscanhelppeoplesavealotoftimeinshopping,lookingforjobs,etc.”“Advertisementsenableustoknowmorealternativeswhilepurchasingaparticularitemandenjoymoresatisfactoryandreliableservices.”Whileopposingvoicescanalsobeheardasfollows:“Advertisementssometimesmisleadconsumerswithexaggeratedanddishonestclaimsandprovidefalseinformation.Fakeadvertisingcheatsconsumersand,insomeseriouscases,threatenpeopleslives.”PeoplearemoreeasilybombardedbyvariousadvertisementsontheInternet,andtheyaresoinundatedwithbanneradsandspamemailthattheyhavebeguntoignoreinternetadvertisingjustasmuchasadsontraditionalmedia.Sometimes,somevirusbroughtbyonlineadswillnotonlybringriskstothesystemofcomputer,worsestill,someunhealthyadvertisementswouldexertnegativeinfluencesonpeoplepsychologically.”“OnedisadvantageofadvertisingontheInternetisthatyourmarketingmaterialsareautomaticallyavailableforanyoneintheworldtocopy,regardlessofthelegalramifications.Logos,imagesandtrademarkscanbecopiedandusedforcommercialpurposes,oreventoslanderormockyourcompany.”模擬題七ReadcarefullythefollowingexcerptonidolworshipamongyoungpeopleinChina,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonthephenomenonofdie-hardfansof“l(fā)ittlefreshflesh”.Youshouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.IdolWorshipTheheatedtopicsthatdominateSinaWeiboaremostlyrelatedtocelebrities,especiallyupdatesonthe"littlefreshflesh"starslikeWuYifan,apopiconandyoungactorinChina,whoarefollowedbyhundredsofmillionsoffans.“Ithinkitislikeeveryonehasfaithinacertainthing,whichcanbeabrandoranitemthattheyadmire,"shesaid.Sheaddedthatfansalsohaveavanityinthattheywanttheiridoltobestronger,morepopularandbettersupportedthanothers.“Fanswouldrepostandlikethepostsoftheiridolsbecauseeveryonehopestheirfaithwillbeacknowledgedandsupportedbymorepeople,"sheexplained.“Itisnaturalthatwheneverothersdeemyourfaithwrong,youwouldfeelasifyouarebeingattackedandrepudiated.”Shedislikesthetitle"brain-damagedfans,"whichisusedtodescribesomefanswhogotoextremeabouttheirstars.“Othersmayviewfanswithglassesofcolor.Theybelieveitisinsaneandunreasonableforapersontobeexcitedaboutastranger,"shesaid.“Butinfact,celebrityworshipisthesameasahobby.Fanscanfeelhappyandempoweredfromtheirhobby.Collectorsarebrain-damagedfansofantiques.Foryoungpeople,whatexcitesthemareusuallycelebrities.”MissWangsaidmostofthedie-hardfansofthese"littlefreshflesh"arestudentswhohaveaplentyofspareme,andabout99percentaregirls.Sheexpectstheircelebrityworshipwillfadeassoonastheygraduateandgointotheworkingworld.模擬題八Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptonsafetyofgeneticallymodifiedfood,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonwhetherweshouldadvocategeneticallymodifiedfoodornot..Youshouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.GeneticallyModifiedFood:AreTheySafe?TwoyearsagoinEdinburgh,Scotland,eco--vandalsstormedafield,crushingcanolaplants.LastyearinMaine,midnightraidershackeddownmorethan3,000experimentalpopulartrees,AndinSanDiego,protesterssmashedsorghumandsprayedpaintovergreenhousewalls.Thisfar-flungoutragetookaimatgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Buttheprotestsbackfired:allthedestroyedplantswereconventionallybred.Ineachcase,activistsmistookordinaryplantsforGMvarieties.It'seasytounderstandwhy.Inaway,GMcropsnowonsome109millionacresoffarmlandworldwideareinvisible.Youcan’tsee,tasteortouchageneinsertedintoaplantorsenseitseffectsontheenvironment,Youcan’ttell,justbylooking,whetherpollencontainingaforeigngenecanpoisonbutterfliesorfertilizeplantsmilesaway.Thatinvisibilityispreciselywhatworriespeople.How,exactly,willGMcropsaffecttheenvironmentandwhenwillwenotice?AdvocatesofGM,ortransgenic,cropssaytheplantswillbenefittheenvironmentbyrequiringfewertoxicpesticidesthanconventionalcrops.Butcriticsfearthepotentialrisksandwonderhowbigthebenefitsreallyare."Wehavesomanyquestionsabouttheseplants,"remarksGuentherStotzky,asoilmicrobiologistatNewYorkUniversity.“There’salotwedon'tknowandneedtofindout.”AsGMcropsmultiplyinthelandscape,unprecedentednumbersofresearchershavestartedfanningintothefieldstogetthemissinginformation.Someoftheirrecentfindingsarereassuring;otherssuggestaneedforvigilance.模擬題一參考范文Formanypeopletheissueofusinganimalsforscienceisblackandwhite:eitherpro-animalrights,orverymuchinfavorofusinganimalssincewearethehighestlevelcreature.Afteranalyzingthetwocontrastingviewpoints，wecansummarizethemasfollows.Somepeoplesaythatusinganimalsinexperimentisofgreatvalueandcanpromotetheadvanceofmedicalsciencewhichissignificanttothewholesociety.Others,however,deemthatthisbehaviorisnotonlyinhumanbutalsoforbiddenbylaw.Inaddition,theresearchfindinggotbyusinganimalsinexperimentationmaybeinappropriateandunreliable.Asforme,Ithinkbothofthemhavesomepoints,butweshouldnevergotoextremes.Ontheonehand,somehigher-levelanimalssharewithusfeelings,thoughtsandbehaviorsandsoweshouldlookafterthemandrespectthem.Ifwearesounsureabouttheeffectsofadrug,thenweshoulddofurtherchemicaltestingbeforedoingliveandcruelanimaltesting.Afterall,fewpeopleareinherentlycruel,anditismuchmoreacceptabletotestthedrugsonamonkeythanonaperson.Inshort,beingcruelforthesakeofbeingcruelandwithnotangibleresultstoshowforitisdefinitelysteppingoveraboundaryofacceptablebehavior,butatothertimesifthebenefitsoftheresearchareexplicit,tangibleandvaluablethenIfeelthattheresearchisjustified.第一段，作者首先承認(rèn)在是否可以把動(dòng)物用于科學(xué)試驗(yàn)這個(gè)問題上存在明顯分歧，既有人支持也有人反對(duì)。第二段，概括題目中正反兩種觀點(diǎn):將動(dòng)物用于科學(xué)實(shí)踐很有價(jià)值，益處良多，如減少人類的疾病甚至死亡威脅。反對(duì)者則認(rèn)為該舉措不人道，受到法律禁止，研究結(jié)果不可靠(Inappropriateandunreliable)等。最后一段，作者提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為我們不能走極端，如果僅僅是做了殘忍的實(shí)驗(yàn)而沒有任何確實(shí)成效，則絕對(duì)是超出了可接受行為的范圍(steppingoveraboundaryofacceptablebehaviour)。但如果研究所帶來的利益是明顯、切實(shí)并且有價(jià)值的(explicit,tangibleandvaluable)，則這些試驗(yàn)是合理的(theresearchisjustified)模擬題二參考范文Whenconsideringwheretowork,graduatesareofteninadilemmaofchoosingbetweenfirst-tiercitiesandsecond-tiercities.People'sopinionsdiffersharplyonthisissue.Someindividualsholdthatfirst-tiercitiesarenotapreferableplaceforthemtowork,liveanddevelop。Fromtheexcerptshownabove,wecansummarizeseveralfactorswhichcouldaccountfortheirviewpoints.Firstly,eventhoughfirst-tiercitiesprovidebestmedical,academicresourcescomparedwithothercities,theyarenotnecessarilythebestoptionforlivingintermsofecologicalenvironment.Secondly,somecitiesareincreasinglyover-crowded，resultinginpoorairqualityandtrafficcongestion.Moreimportantly,highpricesofhousesandrealestatesreducetheappealoffirst-tiercities.Youngpeoplearemorelikelytofleethefinancialpressure.Formypart,Ithinkafirst-tiercitywillsuitmebetter,despiteofitscrowdednessandhighlivingcostsandhighpricesofhouses.Tobeginwith,itgoeswithoutsayingthattherearemorejobopportunitiesinmega-cities,whichoffermorecompetitivesalaries.Inaddition,lifeismorecolorfulanddiversifiedasfirst-tiercitiesprovidemorechoicesofproductsandservices.Furthermore,thereareabundantresourcesofeducation,inparticularhighereducation,insuper-largecities,whichareunparalleled.Inaword,thepromisingpersonalandprofessionaldevelopmentandcolorfullifetherehaveagreatfascinationforme本篇作文屬議論文，采用了經(jīng)典的作文三段式。格局:開首段(introduction)，主體段(body)和結(jié)尾段(conclusion)。開首段一開始就利用大學(xué)生畢業(yè)時(shí)的困惑點(diǎn)明材料主題:有很多人認(rèn)為一線城市(first-tiercity)不適合人們居住。在第二段(mainbody)概述了一線城市不適合人們居住的原因。人們不選擇一線城市主要的原因有三點(diǎn)，生態(tài)環(huán)境不理想(ecologicalenvironment)，二是人口太多導(dǎo)致空氣質(zhì)量欠佳(poorairquality)，交通堵塞(trafficcongestion);三是一線城市房?jī)r(jià)太高，年輕人壓力太大;在最后一段結(jié)論段，作者表述了自己的觀點(diǎn)(即選擇一線城市)及其理由:工作機(jī)會(huì)多(morejobopportunities);生活豐富多彩(colorfulanddiversified);教育資源豐富(abundantresources)最后，總結(jié)到一線城市會(huì)提供美好的個(gè)人及職業(yè)發(fā)展前景以及多彩的生活(promisingpersonalandprofessionaldevelopmentandcolorfullife)模擬題三參考范文Itisnownolongersurprisingthatmanystudentsgoabroadforstudyandthereisaprevailingtrendofstudentsstudyingoverseasatayoungerage,whichcanbeeasilyreflectedinthefactthatthenumberofstudentssittingthecollegeentranceexamisindownwardtrend.ThereasonsforoverseasstudyatanearlyagearevariousandobviousTobeginwith,thestudentscanavoidtheenormouspressureofattendingthecompetitivecollegeentranceexamination,whichsometimeswouldbedetrimentaltotheirphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Moreover,theycanlearnaforeignlanguagemoreeffectivelyandunderstandtheculturebettersincetheyareimmersedinthatlocalculturalandsocialenvironment.Finallytheiroverseasexperience,theirindependenceandadaptabilitywillprobablyenablethemtobeaheadoflocalcounterpartswhencompetingforagoodjobinthefuture.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iamnotinfavorofthetrendthatstudentsfurthertheirstudyoverseasatanearlyage.Firstofall,itsurelycostsmuchfarmoremoney.Forthesamedegreestudy,thetuitionfeestudentspayinaforeignuniversitywouldbearoundseventimes,ormoreinmanycases,theamountwepayinalocaluniversity,nottomentionthedifferencesinlivingcosts.Secondly,thosewholeavetheirhomesandtheirparentsatayoungagewillsufferfromlonelinessandhomesicknessandtheycaneasilyfeelisolatedinanewenvironment.文章第一段，作者先提出出國(guó)留學(xué)這一普遍現(xiàn)象(manystudentsgoabroadforstudy)。接著在第二段總結(jié)材料中的觀點(diǎn)，即那些支持留學(xué)的原因及理由:第一，出國(guó)留學(xué)能減輕學(xué)生升學(xué)壓力(avoidtheenormouspressureofattendingthecompetitivecollegeentranceexamination)，是避開高考一即千軍萬(wàn)馬過獨(dú)木橋”這一狀況的有效途徑。第二，學(xué)生可以了解當(dāng)?shù)匚幕莆胀庹Z(yǔ)。第三，在將來找工作時(shí)更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。在最后一段，作者給出自己的觀點(diǎn)，總結(jié)一些自己反對(duì)出國(guó)留學(xué)的理由。即成本(costsmuchmoremoney)生活孤單(sufferfromlonelinessandhomesickness)模擬題四參考范文Somepeopletendtosticktotheirpositionsallthetime,astheythinkthelongeroneworksinaparticularfield,themoreskillfulonewillbeatit.Somehavebeenteachersalltheirlives.Somedevotetheirlifetoscientificresearch.Thesepeoplelovetheirworkandturnouttobespecialistsintheirownfield.Theyareusuallyhighachievers.Some,however,aredifferent.Theyareinthehabitofjob-hopping,fortheyalwayspursuewhatisnewandstimulating.Accordingtotheexcerpt,job-hopperschangejobsforvariousreasons.Firstly,theyhopfromonepositiontoanotherbecausetheyneverseemcontentwiththeirpresentsituation.Theywouldquitwhenthereisnoadvancementinpromotionorpay.Secondly,someliketomeetmorepeople,makemoremoneyandnewacquaintances;sotheyhopfromjobtojob.Asforme,Iwanttobeprofessionallystrong.Therefore,Iamnotinfavorofconstantjobhopping,asthesayinggoes"Jackofalltrades,masterofnone".Apersonwhoworksforseveraldifferentcompaniesthroughouttheirworkinglifecertainlygetstoknowhowthingsaredonedifferentlyinvariouscompanies,buttheyoftenforegotheopportunitytobuildacareerbecausemanycompaniespreferpromoteemployeeswhohavebeenworkingforthemforalongtimeandarethusfamiliarwiththeirpractices,ratherthanputtingnewpeopleintokeypositions,whichcouldbeproblematic.Inconclusion,changecanbebeneficial,butIbelievethat,Ingeneral,thedisadvantagesoutweightheadvantagesandthatconstantjobchangeleadstograverproblems.本篇文章屬于論述文。作者先在第一段提出有些人喜歡在一份職業(yè)上堅(jiān)持到底(sticktotheirpositionsallthetime)，如教師，科研工作者，這些人最后都是各自領(lǐng)域?qū)＜?specialistsintheirownfield)，并大都取得了成就(highachievers)。第二段過渡到相反的觀點(diǎn)，即有些人不同，他們喜歡跳槽(inthehabitofjob-hopping)，然后總結(jié)材料中跳槽者的觀點(diǎn):第一，不滿現(xiàn)狀(theyneverseemcontentwiththeirpresentsituation)。第二，喜歡交朋友以及不同的工作體驗(yàn)(Someliketomeetmorepeople，makemoremoneyandnewacquaintances;)第三段為作者自己觀點(diǎn)，作者反對(duì)跳槽，主要原因是會(huì)失去晉升的機(jī)會(huì)。最后總結(jié)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，即跳槽的缺點(diǎn)大于優(yōu)點(diǎn)(disadvantagesoutweightheadvantages)模擬題五參考范文Nowadaysmanycollegestudentstakepart-timejobsintheirsparetime.However,onthisissuepeople'sopinionsdiffersharply.Thosewhoareinfavorofpart-timejobsconsiderthattakingapart-timejobbringsseveralbenefitstocollegestudents.Aboveall,part-timejobsprovidestudentswithvaluableopportunitiestoputtheirknowledgeintopractice,andtheexperiencetheygetwillpreparethemforthefuturejobmarket.Furthermore,studentscanearnsomemoneytohelpeasetheburdenontheirfamilies.Otherindividuals,however,holdtheoppositeviewthatmanyproblemsmaybecausedbypart-timejobs.Foronething,part-timejobsmightaffectstudent'sprecioustime.Foranother,studentsmaybecheatedorhurtbytheiremployersforlackofsocialexperience.Weighingtheadvantagesanddisadvantages,Ithinkthatwecollegestudentsshouldstepoutofcampusandengageinsomepart-timejobs.Undoubtedly,itopensawindowforustogettoknowthesociety.Butitisworthnotingthatwecannotspendtoomuchtimeandenergydoingparttimejobsattheexpenseofourstudies.Toconclude,iftheschedulepermits,doingpart-timejobsinsparetimeisbeneficialforcollegestudents.本文體裁為議論文(argumentation)。整篇文章思路清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，邏輯連貫。在第一段，作者先指出兼職工作非常普遍，然后總結(jié)兼職工作的三點(diǎn)好處:給同學(xué)提供學(xué)以致用的機(jī)會(huì)(providestudentswithvaluableopportunitiestoputtheirknowledgeintopractice);積累工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)(preparethemforthefuturejobmarket);賺取一定的收入(earnsomemoneytohelpeasetheburdenontheirfamilies)。在第二段，作者指出兼職工作的兩點(diǎn)弊端:影響學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)(affectstudents’academiccareer);由于缺乏社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們?nèi)菀资艿絺?maybecheatedorhurtbytheiremployersforlackofsocialexperience)。第三段為總結(jié)段，作者提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為兼職利大于弊，只要注意不要影響學(xué)習(xí)，兼職會(huì)為我們開啟一扇了解世界的窗口(itopensawindowforustogettoknowthesociety).模擬題六參考范文AdvertisinghasbecomeprevalentIncontemporarysociety.Itcanbeeasilyseenthatbillboards,TVcommercialsandflyersareallexertingprofoundimpactonmodernlife.Inthemeantime，whetheradvertisingisablessingoracursehassparkedspiriteddebate.Somepeoplearguethatadvertisinghasonlybeneficialinfluenceonourliveswhilemanyotherscontendthatithasdetrimentaleffectaswell。Justasthep