高中英語語法大全歸納總結(jié)文檔

(完滿)高中英語語法大全概括總結(jié),文檔(完滿)高中英語語法大全概括總結(jié),文檔(完滿)高中英語語法大全概括總結(jié),文檔高中英法威分析目:01章名性從句02章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配解03章高中英法中的省略象04章主一致05章不定式06章倒裝構(gòu)07章定從句08章被09章祈使句10章感句11章疑句12章名第一章名性從句在句子中起名作用的句子叫名性從句(NounClauses）。名性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)當(dāng)主、、表、同位、介等，因此依據(jù)它在句中不同樣的法功能，名從句又可分稱主從句、從句、表從句和同位從句。一．主從句主從句是在復(fù)合句中充任主的從句，平常放在主句從前或由形式主it代替，而自己放在句子尾端。1.It

作形式主和

it

引句的比It作形式主代替主從句，主假如了均衡句子構(gòu)，主從句的接沒有化。而it引的句是句子某一部分行，無的是什么成分，都可用被部分指人也可用who/whom。比方：

that。Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那影真惋惜。Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我你成功與否不感趣。Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.案是在清晨生的。（句型）ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打壞的窗。（句型）用it作形式主的構(gòu)(1)Itis＋名＋從句Itisafactthat?事是?Itisanhonorthat?特別有幸Itiscommonknowledgethat?是常(2)Itis＋形容＋從句Itisnaturalthat?很自然?Itisstrangethat?奇異的是?(3)Itis＋不及物＋從句Itseemsthat?Ithappenedthat?Itappearsthat?

憂如?剛巧?憂如?(4)It

＋去分

＋從句Itisreportedthat?Ithasbeenprovedthat?Itissaidthat?

據(jù)道?已?據(jù)?主從句不能夠夠位于句首的五種狀況：1）if引的主從句不能夠夠居于復(fù)合句句首。2）Itissaid/reported?構(gòu)中的主從句不能夠夠提早。比方：正確表達(dá)：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.表達(dá)：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.3）Ithappens/occurs?構(gòu)中的主從句不能夠夠提早。比方：正確表達(dá)：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.表達(dá)：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.4）Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether?構(gòu)中的主從句不能夠夠提早。比方：正確表達(dá)：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.表達(dá)：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.（5）含主從句的復(fù)合句是疑句，主從句不能夠夠提早。比方：正確表達(dá)：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?表達(dá)：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?what與that在引主從句的區(qū)what引主從句在句在從句中充任句子成分，如主．．表，而that不然。比方：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二．從句從句就是在復(fù)合句中作的名性從句，平常放在主句(及物)或介此后。作的(1)由that引的從句(that平常能夠省略),比方：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我聽他參了。由what,whether(if)引的從句，比方：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你能否能幫我改一下筆。＋接＋從句。比方：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她我她會接受我的邀。作介的，比方：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我的成功取決于我之的合作。作形容的，比方：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我惟恐我已犯了一個。注意：that引的從句常跟在以下形容后作：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也能夠?qū)⒋撕蟮膖hat從句的看作原由狀從句。4.it能夠作形式it不能夠夠作形式主，能夠作形式而真切的特是在復(fù)合的句子中。比方：

that

從句放在句尾，Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我聽她下個朋就會婚了。后不能夠夠直接跟that從句的有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。后能夠用不定式或名作，但不能夠夠夠用that引的從句。如：正確表達(dá)：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.表達(dá)：Iadmirethattheywonthematch.不能夠夠用that從句作直接的有些不能夠夠用于“＋接＋that從句“構(gòu)中，常的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。比方：正確表達(dá)：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.表達(dá)：Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.否認(rèn)的移若主句think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，此后的從句若含有否認(rèn)意，一般要把否認(rèn)移到主句上，從句用必然式。比方：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我件衣服不合適你穿。三.表從句表從句在復(fù)合句中作表的名性從句，放在系此后，一般構(gòu)是“主＋系＋表從句”。能夠接表從句的系有be,look,remain,seem等。引表從句的that常可省略。其余，常用的有thereasonisthat?和Itisbecause等構(gòu)。比方：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’hetsupportgetofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus..同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句的功能同位語從句關(guān)于名詞進(jìn)一步解說，說明名詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，一般由that指引，比方：Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.同位語在句子中的地點(diǎn)同位語從句有時能夠不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后邊，而是被其余詞分開。比方：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.同位語從句與定語從句的差異(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連結(jié)主句與從句的作用，不充任句中任何成分。定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限制，描繪定的性質(zhì)或特色；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行增補(bǔ)說明。比方：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告訴我的信息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that指引的從句是定語從句，2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.

that在從句中作賓語）（湯姆將出國的信息是他講的。

）（同位語從句，

that在句中不作任何成分）高一英語名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1．____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.IfThemanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeaboutEnergyis____makesthingwork..4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthatTheordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.???_____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofybusinessm.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:1—5ABABC6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB16—20BCBAA第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配解說"It"用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的要點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱門，因此應(yīng)賞賜充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法概括以下：一、It用作實(shí)詞表達(dá)以下見解:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,that；代替前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性不明的少兒或未知的人；指代未指明但兩方都知道的那件事；候、距離等自然象??

指代、天氣、氣二、It用作形式主代替作主的從句、不定式、名，而把真切作主的從句、不定式、名置于句尾。It作形式主的常句型：代作主的不定式，其句型(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此adj.平常描繪事件的形容：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous?Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此adj.平常描繪人的形容：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It代替作主的名的常句型It'snogood/usedoing?It's(well)worthdoing?It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todoIt's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo

?It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It代替作主的從句常句型(1)Itis+noun+從句Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseIt'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that?Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that?=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)Itisv-edthat?=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know）Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat?(should)?(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommendItissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主的句型1.Ittakessb.?todo?(=sbtakes?todo?)某人用多做某事Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo?（不）像某人做某事的格Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.It's(about/high)timethat?should/v-ed?是做某事的候了例It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.It'sthex-thtime(that)?havev-ed?第幾次做某事了It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeen?since?continuousv-ed(延性)某作已有多不生了It's10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)?before?(不)了多某作生了Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、It作形式用來代替作的從句、不定式、名，而把真切作的從句、不定式、名置于句尾。It作形式的常句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep?)Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'lldothetaskonyourown.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep?)I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat?(should)

?verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat?(should)?(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep?)Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+that?oweittosb.that?把?功于?leaveittosbthat?把?留某人去做takeitforgrantedthat?想自然keepitinmindthat?例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能夠夠直接跟從句的后邊，特別是表示好的后，love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto從句跟

it

enjoy,like,此后例

Ihateit

youcanswimsowellandIcan't.7.It

用在不能夠夠直接跟從句的介后邊，從句跟

it

此后（

exceptthat

例外）例

I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.五、句型Itis/was+被部分+that(who)?句型用來之外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被部分是人也能夠用who。在使用句型需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：注意句型的特別疑句Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity？在原由狀從句，只好由because所引的從句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.在not?until構(gòu)必把not與until一同放到被的地點(diǎn)上ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意句型與定從句的區(qū)Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.(句型)Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定從句)六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit(1).在口中間相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、定、追上、及抵達(dá)It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.(2).在口中相當(dāng)于fixthedatefor,表示“定好”例—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.asitis(1).相當(dāng)于infact,inreality表示“事上，狀況是??”Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnextweek.(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀從句，表示“照原”Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相當(dāng)于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表示“也就是，能夠，句”Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.4.ifitweren'tfor?/ifithadn'tbeenfor?用來引虛氣，相當(dāng)于without,orbutfor,表示“假如不是??，要不是??”Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.5.that'sit(1).相當(dāng)于That'sall.That'ssomuch.表示“至此止，沒有的了”Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.(2).相當(dāng)于That'sright.表示“啦”例—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”—That'sit.catchit在口中，相當(dāng)于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表示“因做事而挨，受，受批，受”例We'llreallycatchitformourteacherifwe'relateforclassagain.7.haveit(1).相當(dāng)于say,insist表示“，主，表示，硬”Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.(2).相當(dāng)于gettoknowsomething,表示“認(rèn)識，知道，悉”IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.8.havewhatittakes在口中，相當(dāng)于bewellqualifiedfor,表示“擁有成功的條件”Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.9.soitseems/appears.10.Keepatit!(Don'tgiveup!)相當(dāng)于goon,表示“做，不放棄”Myteacheraskedmetokeepatit.11.Goit!(Goon!)拼死干,魯莽Nowyouhavedoneit!(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)Nowyou'llcatchit!(You'llbepunished.)Asithappened,?在口中，相當(dāng)于it'sapitythat?,表示“真不恰巧，真憾”例Asithappened,theywereout.Asitturnedout,?在口中，相當(dāng)于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表示“最后被明是”Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.16.Suchasitis(theyare)在口中，相當(dāng)于althoughitmaynotbeworthmuch,表示“然沒有多大價”Youcanborrowmyexamnotebook,suchasitis.Takeit/thingseasy.相當(dāng)于Don'tworryordon'thurry.用來告人，表示“不要慌，擔(dān)憂，存住氣”Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.Takeitfromme.在口中，相當(dāng)于believemewhatIsay.表示“相信我的，我敢擔(dān)保”Youcantakeitfrommethathewillmakeitthistime.19.Forwhatitisworth?在口中，相當(dāng)于althoughI'mnotsureit'sofvalue,表示“不論其價如何”HereisthearticleIpromiseyou,forwhatit'sworth.Worthit在口中，相當(dāng)于useful,表示“有好，得做”例Don'thesitateaboutit!It'sworthit.Believeitornot.表示“信不信由你”Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.22.Takeitorleaveit.v.要么接受要么放棄Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口中，相當(dāng)于ithasn'tbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看狀況，沒有定下來”例—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.It'suptosb.在口中，相當(dāng)于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由??決定，由??，取決于??”例—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配專練1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then(88)2.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he(89)3.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)4.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it(91)5.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,then(92)6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it(93)7.Itwasnotuntil1920______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(94)8.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)9.ItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so(97)10.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them(98)11.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it(2000)12.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.—Doyoulike___here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全國卷)A.thisB.TheseC.ThatD.it14.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade___fromsomewood.(全國卷)A.itB.OneC.HimselfD.another15.TheforeignMinistersaid,"_____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2004北京)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis_____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004北京)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What17.—Howoftendoyoueatout?(2004,天津)—________,butusuallyonceaweek.A.HavenoideaB.ItdependsC.AsusualD.Generallyspeaking18.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite_____asplaned.(2004浙江卷)A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup19.—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.—________.Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.A.ItjustdependsB.It'suptoyouC.AllrightD.Gladtohearthat20.Itwas____backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgoKEYS:1-5ACDDB6-10DCDBA11-15ACDBD16-20BBBBC第三章高中英語語法中的省略現(xiàn)象在英語語言中，為了使語言簡短了然，要點(diǎn)突出或上下文親近相連，能夠省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不變，這種語言現(xiàn)象稱之為省略?，F(xiàn)就英語中的各種省略現(xiàn)象分析以下：一、并列復(fù)合句中的省略在并列句中后邊的分句能夠省略與前邊分句中同樣的成分。如：Theboypickedupacoinintheroadand(theboy)handedittoapoliceman.這個男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。Youradvicemademehappybut(youradvicemade)Tomangry.你的建議使我快樂但使湯姆生氣。c)TommusthavebeenplayingbasketballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.湯姆必然素來在打籃球，瑪麗素來在寫作業(yè)。d)GaoXiuminwasbornin1959andFuBiao(wasborn)in1963.

高秀敏出生于

1959年，傅彪出生于

1963年。二、主從復(fù)合句中的省略1．狀語從句中的省略一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出此刻以下五種狀語從句中：由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等指引的時間狀語從句；由whether,if,unless等指引的條件狀語從句；由though,although,evenif,whatever等指引的退步狀語從句；由as,than等指引的比較狀語從句；由as,asif,asthough等指引的方式狀語從句。上述狀語從句在省略時應(yīng)依據(jù)下邊原則：1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，能夠省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be，這時從句中可出現(xiàn)以下構(gòu)造：(1)連詞（as,asif,once）+名詞;(2)連詞（though,whether,when）+形容詞；(3)連詞(whether,asif,while)+介詞短語；(4)連詞(when,while,though)+此刻分詞；

(5)連詞(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+

過去分詞；

(6)連詞

(asif,asthough)+

不定式。如：a)Once(hewas)aworker,PangLongnowbecomesafamoussinger.龐龍從前是個工

人，此刻變?yōu)橐晃挥忻母枋?。Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.趁年青要努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不然你會懊悔的。Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.他各處看憂如在找什么東西。While(hewas)holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao,USPresidentGeorgeW.BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix-PartyTalks.美國總統(tǒng)布什在與胡錦濤主席會商時，感謝中國在六方會商中起的重要作用。Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.此次展覽比被猜想的風(fēng)趣的多。f)OlympicgoldmedallisthurdlerLiuXiangopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak。奧林匹克金牌獲取者跨欄運(yùn)動員劉翔張開嘴憂如要說什么。注意：1)當(dāng)從句的主語和主句的賓語一致時，間或也有這樣的省略Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.

,如：當(dāng)她過馬路時父親告訴她要當(dāng)心。2)當(dāng)從句的主語是

it，謂語動詞中又含有系動詞

be

時，能夠把

it

和系動詞

be一同省略。此時組成連詞(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容詞的構(gòu)造。如：Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.假如沒有必需，你最好不要查詞典。2．定語從句中的省略1）一般說來，在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom能夠省略；如：Isthisreason(that)heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?這就是他在會上解說他工作中馬虎的原由嗎？（2002上海春天）而在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which,whom

不能夠夠夠省略。試比較：Tom(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.(whom能夠省)你昨天見到的湯姆病倒了。Tom,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.(whom不能夠夠夠省)湯姆病倒了，你昨天見到他了。2）在口語和非正式用語中，關(guān)系副詞when,where,和why常常用that來代替，甚至還可省略。如：a)Thisisthefirsttime(when/that)hehadtroublewiththeboss.這是他第一次麻煩老板。b)Hewantstofindagoodplace(where/that)wecanhaveapicnicduringthe“goldenweek”holiday.他想找一個能在黃金周時期野餐的好地方。c)Couldyoutellusthereason(why/that)hewassounhappy?你能告訴我們他為何這樣不快樂嗎？3）當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的theway時，從句不能夠夠用how來指引，應(yīng)當(dāng)用that或inwhich，或?qū)⑺鼈兯惺÷?。如：Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜愛你嘲諷他的行為。3．賓語從句中的省略1）在及物動詞后邊所接的賓語從句中，連詞that一般能夠省略；但假如及物動詞后邊是由that指引的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句，那么只有第一個that能夠省略。如：Ithink(that)thereformoftherenminbi'sexchangerateisnecessary.我認(rèn)為人民幣兌換率的改革是必需的。Hesaid(that)theAnti-secessionlawhadbeenpassedandthatPresidentHuJintaohadsignedapresidentialorder他說《反分裂國家法》已被經(jīng)過，并且胡錦濤主席已簽訂了主席令。2）由which,when,where,how,和why指引的賓語從句，能夠所有或部分省略。如：a)IknowthatNBAstarYaoMingwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來但我不知道他什么時候來。Hewantstomoveabroadbuthisparentswonderswhy(hewantstomoveabroad)他想喬遷到外國但他的父親母親想知道為何。4．在與suggest,request,order,advise+動詞原形”，should能夠省略。如：

等詞有關(guān)的名詞性從句中，

須用虛假語氣形式“shouldChirac,PresidentoftheRepublicofFrancesuggestedthattheChina-FranceCultureYear(should)lastlonginvariousforms.法國總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各種的形式長久連續(xù)。5．主句省略多用于句首。如：(Itisa)PitythatIdidn’tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.很遺憾，我昨天沒有去參加瑪麗的誕辰聚會。6．在答語中，主句可所有省略。如：—WhywereyouabsentfromschoollastFriday?—(Iwasabsentfromschool)Becausemymotherwasill.—上周五你為何沒有上學(xué)？—由于我媽媽病了。三、簡單句中的省略1．省略主語1）祈使句中的主語平常被省略如：(You)Openthedoor,please.請開一下門。2)其余省略主語多限于現(xiàn)成的說法如：a)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp感謝你的幫助。b)(It)Doesn

’tmatter.沒關(guān)系。2．省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分如：a)(Thereis)Nosmoking.嚴(yán)禁吸煙b)(Isthere)anythingelse?還有其余事嗎c)(Youcome)Thiswayplease.請這邊走。d)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?吸煙嗎？

？3．省略賓語

如：—DoyouknowMr.Li?4．省略表語如：

你認(rèn)識李先生嗎？—

Idon’tknow(him.)

我不認(rèn)識他—Areyouthirsty?你30歲了嗎？Yes,Iam(thirsty).是的，我是。5．同時省略幾個成分如：a)—Areyoufeelingbetternow?你感覺好些了嗎？—(Iamfeeling)Muchbetter(now)

好多了。b)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou).

祝你好運(yùn)

/祝你順利。四、動詞不定式省略，只保存

to

的場合1．不定式作某些動詞的賓語時，這些動詞常有的有：love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如：a)—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeantto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.—你本該在走開前感謝她。—我本打算這么做，但當(dāng)我就要走開的候我卻找不到她了。（2000上海春）b)Youcandoitthiswayifyouliketo.假如你想做，你能夠么做。2．不定式作某些的足或主足，些常的有：force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn等。如：a)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.他的自行，但他母不。(NMET1995)

ask,tell,advise,男孩想在街上b)Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’tallowherto(come).

她想來，但是她父親母親不。3．不定式在句中作某些形容的狀，常的形容有：happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。如：—Iwillbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.Iwouldbehappyto(lookafteryourcat).—我要出差，你能幫我照一下我的貓？—沒關(guān)系，我很愿意。4．不定式作某些復(fù)合，常構(gòu)如：

beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。如：Hedoesn’tlikefishbutheusedto他在不喜吃，但去喜。五、不定式

to

的省略1．主部分有todo,系is或was，作表的不定式平常省去to。如：Theonlythingyouhavetodoispressthebutton.你必做的唯一事情是按按。2．作介

but,expect,besides的，前面又有意do，不定式平常省去

to.

如：HesaidthatChenShuibianhadnothingtodoexceptpushapro-“independence”timetable.他水扁除了推支持“獨(dú)立”的表外，什么也沒有做。3．主部分暗含todo，表中的不定式平常省去to。如：AllIwant(todo)isgotoschoolandstudyhard.我想要（做）的就是上學(xué)，努力學(xué)。4．當(dāng)兩個或多個不定式并列，此后的不定式符號能夠省略，但有比關(guān)系不能夠夠省略。如：Itiseasiertosaythantodo.

起來簡單，做起來。5．在

wouldrather?than?等構(gòu)中，不定式符號常常要省略

.

如：Iwouldratherstayathomethangotoseeafilm.我情愿呆在家也不肯去看影。6．在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,have,make,let,observe等后作足省略不定式符號to；why(not)do構(gòu)中,不定式不to。如：Isawherentertheroom.我看她入了房Whynotjoinus?什么不加入到我的隊(duì)列里來呢？六．其余一些省略構(gòu)1．名所有格修的名，若表示住所、店、教堂或上下文已表示或明確指出的事物，常常能夠省略。如：WespenttheweekendattheMary's.我在家的周末。2．What和how引的感句中，常可省略主it和be如：a)Whatawonderfulvictory(itis)forTom!Tom來是個多么大的利呀！b)Howbeautiful(itis)tobetreatedlikeanormalchild.被看作一個正常孩子待他而言是多么美好的一件事呀。第四章主謂一致主謂一致(Subject-VerbAgreement)，指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分為:語法一致,內(nèi)容一致,就近一致.(一)語法一致原則:即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù).以下為注意事:1.單數(shù)主語即便后邊帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto指引的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù).如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì).Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了兩個傭人外,沒有一個人遲來用餐。用and連結(jié)的并列主語,假如主語是同一個人,同一事,同一見解,謂語動詞用單數(shù),不然用復(fù)數(shù).如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是合用的工具.(兩樣物)用and連結(jié)的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看作是一個整體,如:breadandbutter(黃油抹面包

),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時

,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。不定式(短語),動名詞(短語),或從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。用連結(jié)的并列主語被each,every或no修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每個男孩和每個女孩都喜愛去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙。eachof+復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù).復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我們每個人都有話要說。若主語中有morethanone或manya/an,只管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone做主語時,謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù).如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.很多男生都喜愛打籃球.Morethanonestudentwaslate.不但調(diào)個學(xué)生遲到Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不但調(diào)個人來幫助我們。none做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù);但在代表不能夠足數(shù)的東西時老是看作單數(shù),因此謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如:Noneofusare(is)perfect.人無完人。Noneofthisworriesme.

這事一點(diǎn)不使我憂慮。8.名詞如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主語時,謂語動詞必然用復(fù)數(shù)Hisclothesaregood.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)apairof,謂語一般用單數(shù).如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼鏡。

.如:9.形復(fù)意單名詞如:news;以

ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如:physics,mathematics,economics;國名:theUnitedStates;報(bào)紙名如:theNewTimes;書名如:ArabianNight<天方夜談>;以及TheUnitedNations<結(jié)合國>等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！癮+名詞+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名詞”,“thenumberof+名詞”等作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.觀光了一兩個地點(diǎn)。(二)內(nèi)容一致原則:1.主語中有all,half,most,therest等,取決于連用的名詞.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.Mostoftheappleswererotten.Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.

以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)剩下的自行車，今日銷售。這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了。大多數(shù)的蘋果都是爛的。這個蘋果的大多數(shù)被老鼠吃了。2.不定數(shù)目的詞組

,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof

等作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后邊名詞的數(shù).如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.這個蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。加減乘除用單數(shù).如:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15減去5等于10。表示時間,金錢,距離,胸懷等的名詞做主語時,只管是復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們做為一個單調(diào)的見解時,其謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一個相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。(1)平常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包含police,people,cattle等,這些集體名詞平常用作復(fù)數(shù).:TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.(2)平常作不能夠足數(shù)名詞的集體名詞.包含equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包含audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委員會決定辭退他。6.the+形容/去分形式”表示一人或事物

,作主

,

用復(fù)數(shù)

.如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.(三)

就近原1.由

here,there,where

等引的倒裝句中

,(有主不但調(diào)個

)與湊近它的主在數(shù)上一致

.如:Herecomesthebus公共汽來了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.你一支筆和幾。Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?你不在兒的候,你人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2.用

or,eitheror,neither?.nor,notonly

?.butalso

等接的并列主

,與靠近它的主在數(shù)上一致。

如：NeitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutitHeoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的筆。注意:oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名+who/that/which引的定從句中

學(xué)生和老都不知道事.,定從句的復(fù)數(shù)。如：Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.是養(yǎng)物者之一。Theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名+who/that./which引的定從句中，定從句的數(shù)。Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.是唯一一個養(yǎng)物的人。主一致About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are/isB.are/areC.is/areD.are2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofage3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.A.areB.hasC.haveD.is5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.be6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.has7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are13.Youaswell_____right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussedItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/wasC.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/was20.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areher21.There______nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleavesC.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafs23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattles24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwrite27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.A.twohour`sdriveB.twohours`driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdrive28.MikeandJohn`s______.A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachersC.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.Theofficeand31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.A.isB.wasC.areD.be33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandardA.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Many34.Therestofthemagazines______withinhalfanhour.A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout35.There______alotofsugarinthejar.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.A.isisB.are,areC.areisD.isare37.YesterdaytheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were.38.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study39.Therich______notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.willD.may40.______canbedone______done.A.All,havebeenB.Allthat,havebeenC.AllhasD.Allthat,hasbeen41.Eitheroftheplans______equallydangerous.A.areB.isC.hasD.have42.Thepolice______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingD.wassearchingfor43.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.A.isitB.areitC.arethemD.isthem44.TheOlympicgames______heldeveryfour______.A.isyearsB.areyearsC.isyearD.ar