初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí) 11-晨讀暮?。?）-2021年中考英語(yǔ)考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測(cè)

11晨讀暮省-2021年中考英語(yǔ)考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測(cè)（一）詞匯晨讀入心1.illadj生病的，有病的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：fallill生??；feelill感到不適；seriously/badlyill病重ill和sick的區(qū)別：eq\o\ac(○,1)表示“生病的”意義時(shí)，ill通常只作表語(yǔ)，跟在系動(dòng)詞后面，例如be/become/get/look/seemill；eq\o\ac(○,2)表示“生病的”意義時(shí)，sick可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)，例如：Avethelpssickpetsandotheranimals.獸醫(yī)幫助生病的寵物和別的動(dòng)物。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：illness=sicknessn.疾?。?019，浙江卷，完形）___2___,theireconomic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)situationchangedwhenshebecameillwithlaryngitis(喉炎)in1894.2.A.Although B.So C.However D.Besides2.imaginev.想象；設(shè)想eq\o\ac(○,1)imagine+名詞或代詞：Thehousewasjustasshehadimaginedit.這房子正是她所想象的。eq\o\ac(○,2)imagine+that/wh-從句（that可省略），表示“胡亂猜想……；認(rèn)為……”：Closeyoureyesandimagine(that)youareinaforest.閉上眼睛，設(shè)想自己在森林里。eq\o\ac(○,3)imagine+doing想象做某事：Imaginedoingahorriblejoblikethat!想象一下做那種可怕的工作吧！eq\o\ac(○,4)imaginesb./sth.(tobe)…：Theboyimaginedhimself(tobe)apilot.那個(gè)男孩想象自己是一名飛行員。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：imaginationn.想象；imaginativeadj.富有想象力的；imaginableadj.想象得到的；可想象的（2019，浙江卷，閱讀B）Butmostpeopleintheworldliveinfearofthingsthattheyimagine.3.immediatelyadv.立刻，立即用法：immediately常常和一些詞搭配使用，比如：immediatelyafter/following在……之后立即；immediatelybefore在……之前立即；immediatelybehind/above/below/infrontofsth.后面/上面/下面/前面緊挨著……：theseatimmediatelybehindthedriver駕駛員正后方的那個(gè)座位詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：immediateadj.立刻的，直接的同義詞：immediately=atonce=rightaway（2019，浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）5.Bettyfeltsotiredlastnightthatshe____________fellasleepinbedafterlyingdown.A.recently B.suddenly C.frequently D.immediately4.importantadj.重要的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：playanimportantrole起到重要作用用法：important后面可接介詞for/to，表示“對(duì)……很重要”；常用語(yǔ)Itisimportant(forsb.)todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“（對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)）做某事很重要”：Itisimportanttofollowthedoctor’sadvice.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：importancen.重要性，價(jià)值；importantlyadv.重要地（2019，山東卷，閱讀B）SothefamilysetoutforMongolia,wherehorseshavebeenimportantforlong.5.improvev.改進(jìn)，改善，提高；變得更好用法：improve可作及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)；也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，后面接狀語(yǔ)成分：Manywinesimprovewithage(=getbetterastheygetolder).很多葡萄酒年代越久越香醇。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：improvementn.改進(jìn)，改善，提高；improvedadj.改良的，改進(jìn)過(guò)的：improvedtechnology（2019，山東卷，詞匯運(yùn)用）50.KeepingEnglish_________(日記)isagoodwaytoimproveEnglish.6.includev.包括，包含eq\o\ac(○,1)include接動(dòng)詞的話，要接doingsth：Yourdutiesincludetypinglettersandansweringthetelephone.你的職責(zé)是打信件和接電話。eq\o\ac(○,2)includeAin/onB把A列入B的一部分，把A算入B：Youshouldincludesomeexamplesinyourarticle.你應(yīng)該在文章里舉一些例子。eq\o\ac(○,3)常用including的形式，引出需要羅列的賓語(yǔ)：Hundredswerekilled,includingmanywomenandchildren.數(shù)百人被殺，包括許多婦女和兒童。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：inclusionn.包含；內(nèi)含物；inclusiveadj.包括的，包含的反義詞：excludev.不包括，排除（2019，江蘇卷，填空）49.There▲(be)manythingstoenjoyabouttraveling,includingthenaturalbeautyanddeliciousfood.7.increasev.（使）增加；增長(zhǎng)；n.增加，增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)詞用法：increase可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：increase(sth.)(fromA)(toB)，指“增加到”，表示結(jié)果；increase(sth.)(bysth.)，指“增加了……”，表示幅度。例如：Thepopulationhasincreasedfrom1.2millionto1.8million.人口已從120萬(wàn)增加到了180萬(wàn)。Thepopulationhasincreasedby0.6million.人口已增加到了60萬(wàn)。名詞用法：increase作名詞時(shí)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：anincreaseinsth.在某方面增長(zhǎng)：anincreaseinpopulation在人口方面增長(zhǎng)；ontheincrease正在增加（增長(zhǎng)）：China’spopulationisontheincrease.中國(guó)的人口正在增長(zhǎng)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：increasingadj.越來(lái)越多的；漸增的：anincreasingnumberof…越來(lái)越多的……反義詞：decreasev.下降（2019，北京卷，閱讀C）Thiswillincreasetheamountofinformationourmindsprocessandexpand(增加)ourexperienceoftime.8.industryn.工業(yè)，行業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：food/car/paperindustry食品/汽車/造紙工業(yè)；heavy/lightindustry重/輕工業(yè)；serviceindustry服務(wù)行業(yè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：industrialadj.工業(yè)的，產(chǎn)業(yè)的；industrialize=industrialisev.使/實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化（2019，北京卷，閱讀D）Whensocietiesindustrialized,theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget.9.influencev.&n.影響（力）名詞用法：influence常搭配的介詞有on/upon/over，表示對(duì)……有影響；常搭配的動(dòng)詞有have；常搭配的形容詞有big/great/good/bad/positive/negative/strong等。例如：Televisioncanhaveapositiveinfluenceonyoungpeople.電視能對(duì)青年人產(chǎn)生積極的影響。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：influentialadj.有影響力的；有勢(shì)力的；influentiallyadv.有影響地（2019，山東卷，閱讀B）ButRupertfacedthegreatestchallengeofhislifewhen,attheageoftwo,Rowanwasdiagnosed(診斷)rmationn.信息，消息關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：informationtechnology=I.T.信息技術(shù)；personalinformation個(gè)人信息；forinformationonly僅供參考；informationdesk問(wèn)訊處用法：information是不可數(shù)名詞，可用apieceofinformation表示“一條消息，一則信息”；在使用information的語(yǔ)境中，常用到formore/furtherinformation的句式，例如：Formoreinformation,pleasewritetous.欲知更多信息，請(qǐng)寫信給我們。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：informationaladj.信息的；情報(bào)的（2019，北京卷，閱讀C）Themoreinformationourmindstakein,theslowertimeseemstopass.11.insistv.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為eq\o\ac(○,1)insist+that從句：Mikeinsistedthathewasright.邁克堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。eq\o\ac(○,2)insiston/upon(doing)sth.：Heinsisteduponcheckingeverythinghimself.他堅(jiān)持要親自檢查一切。（2019，北京卷，完形）Itwasobviouswhowould___17___.17.A.insist B.return C.wait D.win12.insteadadv.代替，頂替；反而eq\o\ac(○,1)instead表示“替代”：Heistoobusy,letmegoinstead.他太忙了，讓我去吧；eq\o\ac(○,2)instead表示“反而，卻”，構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折：Hedidn'tgiveJohnthemoney,buthegaveittomeinstead.他沒(méi)把錢給約翰，卻給了我；eq\o\ac(○,3)instead可以和of組成insteadof結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“代替，替代”，后面需要接賓語(yǔ)：Insteadoflendingahand,helaughedatus.他不僅沒(méi)有幫我們一把，反而嘲笑我們。（2019，江蘇卷，完形）ForthefirstfewmonthsIchosetoeatinSichuanOrHunanstylerestaurantsinsteadofeatingmuch___16___food.16.A.fresh B.local C.Chinese D.frozen13.instructionn.說(shuō)明，須知；教導(dǎo)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：operationinstructions操作說(shuō)明；eq\o\ac(○,1)常用復(fù)數(shù)instructions，表示“（用法）說(shuō)明，指南”，常見(jiàn)搭配為instructionon(howtodo)sth.：Arethereanyinstructionsonhowtoplantthetrees?有沒(méi)有植樹(shù)指南？eq\o\ac(○,2)instructions還可表示“命令，指示”，相當(dāng)于orders：Makesureyoucarryoutthedoctor’sinstructions.你一定要遵照醫(yī)生的囑咐。eq\o\ac(○,3)instruction也可作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)，訓(xùn)練”：Theschoolgivesinstructioninfirstaid.這所學(xué)校教授急救課。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：instructv.指導(dǎo)；命令；instructorn.指導(dǎo)者；導(dǎo)師；instructiveadj.有益的；教育性的（2019，浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）7.Theinstructionstelluseverything____________abouthowtomakethemodelship.A.byhand B.bychance C.indetail D.entionn.目的，意圖關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：withgoodintentions好心，好意地；withoutintention無(wú)意地，非故意地；realintention真實(shí)意圖用法：常見(jiàn)搭配有haveno/everyintentionofdoingsth.：Ihavenointentionofretiringjustyet.我現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)打算退休。intentiontodosth.：Itisourintentiontobethenumberonedistributorofhealthproducts.我們的目標(biāo)是成為保健產(chǎn)品第一大批發(fā)商。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：intentionaladj.故意的，蓄意的；intentionallyadv.故（有）意地；intendv.打算，想要：intendtodosth.打算做某事同義詞：purposen.目的，意圖；goaln.目標(biāo)；進(jìn)球（2019，浙江卷，閱讀D）OnceapersoneverofferedfourfrancsforMillet’s"Angelus",erestn.興趣，趣味；利益；利息關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：placeofinterest名勝古跡，好玩的地方；with(great)interest興致勃勃用法：interest表示“興趣，趣味”時(shí)，常和介詞in搭配，表示在……方面的興趣。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞搭配有：have/show/express(an)interestinsth.有/表現(xiàn)出興趣；lose(all/one’s)interestinsth.失去興趣。熟詞僻義：interest還有另外兩層含義：eq\o\ac(○,1)一是“利益”，常用短語(yǔ)有publicinterest公共利益；inone’sowninterests為了某人（自己）的利益；eq\o\ac(○,2)二是“利息”，常用搭配有interestrate利率。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：interestingadj.“有趣的，引起興趣的”，用于形容人或物的特征；interestedadj.“感興趣的”，用于形容人的感受。試比較：MymumisquiteinterestedinthatinterestingTVshow.我媽媽對(duì)那檔有趣的電視節(jié)目相當(dāng)感興趣。（2019，山東卷，閱讀表達(dá)A）Myclosestfriend,Kim,ernationaladj.國(guó)際的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：internationaltrade國(guó)際貿(mào)易；internationalorganization國(guó)際組織（機(jī)構(gòu)）；internationalairport國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)；internationalmarket國(guó)際市場(chǎng)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：internationallyadv.國(guó)際性地；在國(guó)際間：internationallyfamous國(guó)際知名；internationalis(z)ev.（使）國(guó)際化；internationalis(z)ationn.國(guó)際化（2019，浙江卷，閱讀填空）8.TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeamhasbroughthelpandhopetopeopleindisastersaroundtheworldsinceit18yearsago.A.setupB.issetupC.wassetupD.erviewv&t.采訪；會(huì)見(jiàn)；面試關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：jobinterview求職面試；radio/televisioninterview電臺(tái)/電視采訪用法：interview作名詞時(shí)，常用于aninterviewforsth.；aninterviewwithsb.；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于interviewsb.forsth.或interviewsb.aboutsth.；詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：intervieween.被接見(jiàn)者；被訪問(wèn)者；interviewern.會(huì)見(jiàn)者；面談?wù)?；進(jìn)行面試者（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀B）ForthetopicsofournewspapernextmonthwevisitedSunshineElementarySchoolonMroducev.介紹；引進(jìn)用法：introduce可表示“介紹”，常見(jiàn)搭配有：introduceAtoB；introduceoneselftosb.；還可以表示“引進(jìn)，推行”，通常用于introducesth.to/intosth.結(jié)構(gòu)：Wewanttointroducethelatesttechnologyintoschools.我們想向各學(xué)校推介最新的技術(shù)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：introductionn.介紹；引進(jìn)（2019年，浙江卷，閱讀B）32.Thispassageintroduces_______________.A.anexercisetoimproveourfitness B.anexercisetogainself-confidenceC.awaytokeepbalancewhenwejump D.awaytoavoidaccidentswhenexercising19.invitev.邀請(qǐng)，招待用法：invite的常見(jiàn)搭配有：invitesb.tosth.邀請(qǐng)某人參加……；invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事；invitesb.forsth.請(qǐng)某人吃/喝……。例如：invitemetoaparty請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)；invitemetotakepartinaparty請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)；invitemeforadrink請(qǐng)我喝一杯詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：invitationn.邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)?zhí)篿nvitationletter邀請(qǐng)函；byinvitation憑請(qǐng)?zhí)?019年，江蘇卷，完形）TheHillfamilyownedtherightstothemelodyandhadtobe25everytimethesongwaspartofacommercial(商業(yè)的)production.25.A.paid B.praised C.invited D.warned20.joinv.參加；加入；連接關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：joinhandswith同……攜手，同……聯(lián)合eq\o\ac(○,1)表示加入（團(tuán)體、組織、參軍），成為其中的一個(gè)成員：jointheclub/army加入俱樂(lè)部/參軍eq\o\ac(○,2)表示邀請(qǐng)某人一起加入：Willyoujoinusfordinner?請(qǐng)你和我們一起吃飯好嗎？eq\o\ac(○,3)用joinin表示參加某些活動(dòng)：Manypeoplejoininthegameeveryyear.每年許多人參加這項(xiàng)比賽。（2019年，江蘇卷，閱讀D）Ifyoureallywanttodomoresport,youcanjoinaclub.21.joyn.歡樂(lè)，高興，樂(lè)趣關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：withjoy高興地；tearsofjoy高興的淚水，喜極而泣用法：joy常搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)有：thejoyof(doing)sth.（做……）的喜悅；befilledwith/befullofjoy充滿歡樂(lè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：joyfuladj.歡喜的，令人高興的；joyfullyadv.高興地，喜悅地同義詞：happiness,enjoyment,pleasure,fun（2019年，浙江卷，閱讀C）Thekingwaswildwithjoy.Heranaroundhispalaceandtouchedeverythinghesaw.22.keepv.保持；保留；繼續(xù)詞形變化：過(guò)去式kept，過(guò)去分詞kept關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：keepupwith趕得上；keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系；keeppacewith與……并駕齊驅(qū)，保持同步；keepsth.inmind記住；keepaneyeonsth.照看，留意eq\o\ac(○,1)keep用作系動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于stay，意為“（使）保持，（使）處于（某種狀態(tài)）”，后面主要接形容詞等表語(yǔ)成分。例如：keep(sb.)warm/safe/awake保持（某人）暖和/安全/清醒。eq\o\ac(○,2)keep用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，主要有以下幾個(gè)意思：表示“繼續(xù)，重復(fù)”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為keep(on)doingsth.繼續(xù)做某事表示“保留，留存；存放”：keepthechange不要找（零）了；keepsth.inasafeplace把……放在安全之處表示“遵守，保守”：keepthesecrete保守秘密；keepyourpromise遵守諾言表示“記錄”：keepadiary記日記（2019年，江蘇卷，單項(xiàng)填空）3.-Keepquiet!Ineedcomplete__________whenI'mworking.-Sorrydad.Iwon'tmakeanynoiseagain.A.trust B.silence C.control D.strength23.keyn.鑰匙；答案；鍵；關(guān)鍵；adj.關(guān)鍵的，重要的eq\o\ac(○,1)key作名詞時(shí)，常表示以下幾個(gè)意思：“鑰匙”：carkeys車鑰匙；“（計(jì)算機(jī)的）鍵”：pressthereturnkey按回車鍵；“答案”：thekeytothequestions問(wèn)題的答案；“關(guān)鍵，重點(diǎn)”：thekeytosuccess成功的關(guān)鍵eq\o\ac(○,2)key還可以作形容詞，相當(dāng)于important，意為“關(guān)鍵的，重要的”：keyword關(guān)鍵字；keypoint要點(diǎn)；yourhelpiskeytomysuccess.你的支持是我成功的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)聯(lián)單詞：keyboardn.鍵盤（2019年，浙江卷，閱讀B）22.Whatdoesthewritertrytotellus?A.Buyingnewthingscanmakepeoplehappy.B.Thekeytohappinessismakingothershappy.C.Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcanvisitAfrica.D.Peoplewhohavealotofmoneymightnotbehappy.24.killv.殺死；弄死關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：killoneself自殺；killtime消磨時(shí)間詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：killingn.殺戮，謀殺；killern.殺手；止痛藥（2019年，山東卷，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用）Theaccident69(cause)byafightbetweenthedriverandapassenger,killingall15peopleonthebus.25.knockv&n.敲；打；擊用法：knock主要用作動(dòng)詞，后面可與不同的介詞搭配，例如knockat/onsth.敲（門，窗）：Somebodywasknockingatthedoor.有人在敲門；knock(sth.)against/onsth.（常為無(wú)意地）碰到，撞到：knockhisheadagainstthewall.頭裝到墻上；knockover打翻：He'dknockedoveraglassofwater.他打翻了一杯水。近義詞：hitv.撞，擊打（2019年，江蘇卷，閱讀A）AlthoughI’mblind,Icarrythelantern,notonlylightforothers,butletothersseeme,53theywon’tknockme."53.A.after B.so C.if D.because26.knowledgen.知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：basicknowledge基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；tomyknowledge據(jù)我所知用法：表示某方面的知識(shí)，可接介詞about或of；注意knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，只能用much/any/alotof/lotsof/some等修飾；前面不可直接使用冠詞a，但可以說(shuō)：Hehasawideknowledgeofpaintingandmusic.他在繪畫和音樂(lè)方面知識(shí)淵博。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：knowledgeableadj.知識(shí)淵博的；knowv.知道，了解；認(rèn)識(shí)（2019年，北京卷，閱讀B）Whentherewerenocomputers,effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople,orgotothelibrary.（二）暮省練習(xí)鞏固

一.寫出這些單詞的漢語(yǔ)意義。

1.imagine_________2.impolite________3.impossible________

4.include_________5.Indian________6.influence________

7.instead________8.interested_________9.interview________

10.island_________

二.按要求寫出下列詞匯的變化形式。

1.imagine__________(現(xiàn)在分詞)

2.impolite________(反義詞)

3.impossible_________(反義詞)4.interested________(比較級(jí))

5.interview___________(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式)

6.island_________（復(fù)數(shù)形式）

三.根據(jù)句意，用所給詞匯的正確形式填空。

1.Youcan_________(imagine)howstrangeaUFOwas.

2.It’s_________(polite)tothrowlitterseverywhere.

3.Wefoundit_________(possible)tofinishthegreatworkinonedaywithoutanyhelp.

4.Mostchildrentakepartinactivities_________(include)sports,languagelearning,musicandmathclasses.

5.An__________(Indian)comesfromIndia.

6.YangLeilikesbeingagood_________(influence)inthechildren’slives.

7.Hewenttoplaysoccer_________(instead)ofbasketball.

8.Moreandmorepeopleare___________(interesting)incollectingstamps.

9.Areporteris___________(interview)XiaoWangoverthere.

10.These________(island)belongtoChina.

四.根據(jù)短文意思及漢語(yǔ)意義，寫出合乎句意的單詞。

Youcan’t____1___(想象)thatamanlivedinaalone____2___(島嶼)forayearwithoutanyhelp.Maybeyouthinkit’s___3____(不可能).Butit’strue.It’ssaidthatan____4___(印度人)didthat.TheIndianmanwasalways_____5___(對(duì)……感興趣)inlivinginaplacefarawaywithoutanypeople.Sohetookpartinanactivitythatexperiencedthealonelifewithoutanyhelp.Hewaswantedtotakeonematchandaknife.Finally,hesucceeded.LateraTVstationreporter_____6__(采訪)himandhetalk