初中英語語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案剖析

一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have+過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞have有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。以study為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式Ihavenot(haven't)studied..HaveIstudied.?Youhavenot(haven't)studied..Haveyoustudied.?Hehasnot(hasn't)studied..Hashestudied.?否定疑問式簡(jiǎn)單回答（肯定/否定）HaveInot(Haven'tI)studied.?Yes,youhave.No,youhaven't.Haveyounot(Haven'tyou)studied.?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven't.Hashenot(Hasn'the)studied.?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn't.2）用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I'msurewe'vemetbefore.我肯定我們以前見過面。Shehasarrived.她到了。表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for..since...,yet等。如：Ihaven'theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒有收到她的信。Wehaven'tseenyourecently.最近我們沒有見到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：a)since和for的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空J(rèn)imhasbeeninIrelandMonday.JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting20minutes.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.2)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.xTheoldmanhasdiedfor4months.xTheyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.x以上三句話可以改為：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasfor4months.Theyhaveonlyfor5minuteshave(has)been和have(has)gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用“have(has)gone”。試比較：Wherehashebeen?他剛才到哪里去了？(已經(jīng)回來了)Wherehashegone?他上哪兒去了？(人不在)TheyhavebeentoCanada.他們到過加拿大。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大)TheyhavegonetoCanada.他們到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein,但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等連用。例如：Shehasalreadycome.她已經(jīng)來了。Ihaven'treadityet.我還沒讀過這個(gè)。Ihavemethimbefore.我從前曾見過他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYan'an.他們從未去過延安。Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近來沒看到他。irreguiarVerbsBaseFormPastFormPastParticiplebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriven

eatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam,iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.Ialready(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.Where'sLiMing?He(go)totheteacher'soffice.I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.Ijust(finish)myhomework.He(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.

you(find)yoursciencebookyet?Ifit(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.Thestudents(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey(climb)thetree.Mymother(come)toseemenextSunday.I'velostmypen.you(see)itanywhere?Choosethebestanswer.Howlonghaveyouhere?arrivedD.beenarrivedD.beenB.for2yearsmyagewas6.Mygrandpadied.A.attheageofmy2C.whenIwas2.JanehastoBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.D.neverbeenD.thatD.willmeetA.beenD.neverbeenD.thatD.willmeetItistenyearsIlastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.for--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmet--Whatanicedress!Howlongyouit?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyA.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.D.haveturnedA.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturnedTheSmithsinChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.HetheBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto--youevertotheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingRewritethesentences.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)IbeentoMacaubefore.Hehasn'tcometosChecaUsehewasill.(就劃線部分提問)hecometoschool?Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)Ijustanewbike.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.改為同義句）WeEnglishthreeyearsHehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑問句）Theyhavebeenheresince2000.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）havetheybeenhere?Theoldmanlastyear.Hehasforayear.（die）（動(dòng)詞填空）MissGaoleftanhourago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）MissGaohasanhourago.Askthequestions1）Ihavebeentherefortwodays.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zyou?2）Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.yourfather?3）Helefthereyesterday,he?4）Theyboughtabooktwohoursago,theyabook?Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhasfinishedhishomework.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”“No,Ihaveseenit.”“Hasthebusleft?”“Yes,ithasleft.”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案一、翻譯下列句子：你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書。我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。他已經(jīng)吃過午飯你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？我哥哥還沒回來。這本字典我已買了三年了。他離開中國(guó)三年了。我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。自從他搬到濟(jì)寧，他就住這兒了。我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。我來到這個(gè)學(xué)校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空

twoyears2.twoyearsago3.___lastmonth4.19995.yesterday6.4o'clock74hours8.anhourago___wewerechildren10.lunchtime11.shelefthereHehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.I'veknownhimwewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.16.It'sabouttenyearssheleftthecity.三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetospfbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereTOC\o"1-5"\h\zHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.Iwenthomeyesterday.IhomeforTheycameherelastweek.Teto/gobackto/returntofbebacktogooutfbeoutHecameouttwoyearsago.Hefor.WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We___toBeijingsincebecomefbeIbecameateacherin2000.IateacherforTheriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriverdirtyfor.closefbeclosedopenfbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.TheshopforThedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorforsixhours.getupfbeup；diefbedead；leavesp.fbeawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleepfbeasleep；finish/endfbeover；marryfbemarried；TOC\o"1-5"\h\zIgotuptwohoursago.Isince.HeleftShanghaijustnow.HeShanghaiforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpafor.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetingforsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I___since.Theymarriedin1990.Theysince.start/begintodosth.fdosth.；beginfbeon1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.Iatthisschoolsince.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmforborrowfkeep；losefnothave；buyfhave；putonfwearcatch/getacoldfhaveacold；catch/getacoldfhaveacold；Theyborroweditlastweek.Iboughtapentwohoursago.Igottoknowhimlastyear.Theyitsince.IapenforIhimsince.4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.Imyglassesforhave/hasgonetofhavebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.HeBeijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmyfbealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldierfbeamemberoftheleague/thePartyfbeintheleague/theParty/thearmyHejoinedtheleaguein2002.Heafortwoyears.Heathefortwoyears.Hetheleaguefortwoyears.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zMybrotherafor.Mybrotherinfortwoyears.四、劃線提問Ihavebeentherefortwodays.you?Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.yourfather?Helefthereyesterday.he?Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.theyabook五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:WhereLiFei?B:HetoHainanIsland.A:Howlonghethere?B:Hethereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I'mafraidhewon'tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,Ineverthere.A:HowmanytimesLiFeitothatplace?B:Hethereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各種形式填空。WhereisJack?Hehiscountry.Davidtheparkjustnow.JohnEnglandsincehecameback.Howlongtheythisvillage?TheSmithsBeijingforyears.youeverAmerica?--Yes,Itheremanytimes.Ithisschoolsincethreeyearsago.Whe