QF-18-2型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)說明書

F0183312-SM(e)1.概述QF-18-2型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)為我廠自行設(shè)計(jì)制造的三相交流發(fā)電機(jī)，與相應(yīng)的汽輪機(jī)配套。發(fā)電機(jī)型號(hào)意義說明如下：QF-18-21 極數(shù)：2極汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)； 額定功率18MW本系列發(fā)電機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)速為3000r/min，額定頻率為50Hz，發(fā)電機(jī)由汽輪機(jī)直接耦合傳動(dòng)，采用同軸交流無刷勵(lì)磁。發(fā)電機(jī)采用空冷密閉自循環(huán)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。發(fā)電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)方向從汽輪機(jī)端向發(fā)電機(jī)看為順時(shí)針方向。.技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)電機(jī)的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)：表1型號(hào)額定功率額定電壓功率因數(shù)效率（保證值）QF-18-218MW6300V0.8>97%其他技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)見發(fā)電機(jī)相關(guān)技術(shù)資料及圖紙。正常使用條件：海拔不超過1000m。冷卻空氣溫度不超過+40℃。安裝在掩蔽的廠房內(nèi)。電機(jī)各部分的溫升和溫升限值發(fā)電機(jī)在按表1規(guī)格、參數(shù)及2.2條使用條件下額定運(yùn)行時(shí)，其溫升限值（B級(jí)考核）見表2：表2部件位置和測(cè)量方法冷卻介質(zhì)為40℃時(shí)的允許溫升限值共31頁Total31Pages第1頁P(yáng)age1F0183312-SM(e)定子繞組槽內(nèi)上、下層線圈間埋置檢溫計(jì)法80K轉(zhuǎn)子繞組電阻法90K定子鐵心埋置檢溫計(jì)法80K集電環(huán)溫度計(jì)法80K不與繞組接觸的鐵心及其他部件這些部件的溫升在任何情況下都不應(yīng)達(dá)到使繞組或鄰近的任何部位的絕緣或其他材料有損壞危險(xiǎn)的數(shù)值軸承出油溫度應(yīng)不超過65℃,軸瓦溫度不超過80℃。.結(jié)構(gòu)說明本系列汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)詳見隨機(jī)圖紙。定子定子機(jī)座采用鋼板焊接，為了便于嵌線及檢修，設(shè)計(jì)成短機(jī)座，其吊攀焊于兩側(cè)。定子鐵心由優(yōu)質(zhì)硅鋼片沖制迭裝，中間有通風(fēng)槽鋼支撐，形成徑向通風(fēng)溝，定子槽形為開口式矩形槽。定子線圈采用半組式，端部結(jié)構(gòu)為籃形。線圈直線部分360°換位。線圈絕緣是用粉云母帶連續(xù)包扎、熱壓成型。線圈端部以三角形絕緣支架為支撐，用綁線將線圈端部與綁環(huán)扎緊成一個(gè)整體，定子線圈在非汽機(jī)端設(shè)有六根引出線。轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)子是用整體優(yōu)質(zhì)合金鋼鍛制，輻向開有線槽，并在小齒二端開有月形槽，用于轉(zhuǎn)子端部通風(fēng)冷卻。轉(zhuǎn)子線圈由扁銅線繞成，轉(zhuǎn)子線圈端部絕緣用絕緣墊塊楔緊，楔緊后烘壓成一個(gè)整體。轉(zhuǎn)子槽楔中部為硬鋁，兩頭為鋁青銅，通風(fēng)槽楔為鋼，其上鉆有孔，用以通風(fēng)。轉(zhuǎn)子護(hù)環(huán)為非磁性鋼鍛成，在轉(zhuǎn)子兩端裝有軸流旋漿式風(fēng)扇。端蓋及底蓋端蓋分為內(nèi)、外端蓋，由鑄鐵制成，設(shè)有觀察窗、滅火管及氣封裝置。底蓋由鋼板焊接而成，同樣設(shè)有滅火管，非汽機(jī)端的底蓋裝有出線板，六根引出共31頁Total31Pages第2頁P(yáng)age2F0183312-SM(e)線裝于其上。軸承是壓力油循環(huán)的滑動(dòng)軸承，裝有能自動(dòng)調(diào)心的球面軸瓦，軸承座由鑄鐵制成，兩端設(shè)有擋油裝置。非汽機(jī)端軸承座與基礎(chǔ)板和油管間設(shè)有絕緣?；A(chǔ)板為平板式，在電站安裝時(shí)組裝。發(fā)電機(jī)定子埋有電阻測(cè)溫元件。端蓋與機(jī)座側(cè)面裝有測(cè)量進(jìn)、出風(fēng)溫度的溫度計(jì)，在機(jī)座出風(fēng)口處，還裝有測(cè)量出口風(fēng)溫的電阻測(cè)溫元件。軸承座出油管處，亦裝有溫度計(jì)。測(cè)溫元件型號(hào)也可根據(jù)用戶要求選定。接地電刷設(shè)在汽輪機(jī)端軸承后蓋上。發(fā)電機(jī)采用一進(jìn)二出的空冷密閉自循環(huán)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，轉(zhuǎn)子兩端裝有軸流旋漿式風(fēng)扇，熱空氣經(jīng)空氣冷卻器冷卻。.安裝保管和運(yùn)輸過程注意事項(xiàng)發(fā)電機(jī)在安裝前應(yīng)存放在清潔、干燥的倉庫或廠房內(nèi)，存放地點(diǎn)的溫度不得低于+5℃。保管期間內(nèi)至少每三個(gè)月進(jìn)行一次檢查，所有防護(hù)漆層應(yīng)無脫落，軸頸、鐵心、集電環(huán)或檢測(cè)環(huán)等處不應(yīng)銹蝕，并測(cè)量線圈的絕緣電阻，檢查后應(yīng)重新包裝完好。轉(zhuǎn)子的軸頸、軸頭、聯(lián)軸器、集電環(huán)或檢測(cè)環(huán)表面應(yīng)特別注意，涂防銹油后用防潮紙包好。安放轉(zhuǎn)子時(shí)，應(yīng)讓本體大齒部分受力支撐，不允許使護(hù)環(huán)受力。起吊搬運(yùn)時(shí)，鋼絲繩必須按指定的起吊位置線進(jìn)行起吊。安裝說明發(fā)電機(jī)的安裝應(yīng)按安裝圖、電業(yè)部門規(guī)程及安裝公司經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行安裝。此外尚須注意下列事項(xiàng)：電機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)、地腳螺栓孔、風(fēng)道、電纜溝及通向發(fā)電機(jī)小間預(yù)留孔的位置、尺寸及質(zhì)量。地腳螺孔應(yīng)垂直，并符合尺寸。注意各部位混凝土面標(biāo)高?；A(chǔ)板下墊鐵的布置共31頁Total31Pages第3頁P(yáng)age3F0183312-SM（e）根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)圖縱橫中心線及標(biāo)高，進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)板的初步安裝，并在其下部墊以墊鐵。墊鐵布置對(duì)稱于發(fā)電機(jī)縱橫中心線，應(yīng)設(shè)在負(fù)荷集中的地方，間距約為250mm，對(duì)于其他地方，間距可放寬至400-700mm。墊鐵盡可能布置在基礎(chǔ)板的主筋下，墊鐵下混凝土受壓面的單位荷重應(yīng)不超過2.5-4MPa（即25-40kgf/cm2。）放置墊鐵時(shí)須將厚的放于底層，薄的放于上層，墊鐵層數(shù)應(yīng)盡量減少，一般不超過3-5塊。墊鐵下混凝土面應(yīng)平整，墊鐵與混凝土、基礎(chǔ)板底面、墊鐵之間應(yīng)接觸良好。為了防止灌入混凝土?xí)r的墊鐵移動(dòng)，可在墊鐵與斜墊鐵間點(diǎn)焊牢。發(fā)電機(jī)定子的安裝：起吊發(fā)電機(jī)定子時(shí)，應(yīng)注意不要損壞定子繞組的端部。同時(shí)要防止發(fā)電機(jī)定子繞吊攀轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，在安裝發(fā)電機(jī)定子時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮到發(fā)電機(jī)在運(yùn)行時(shí)的軸向伸長及由于汽輪機(jī)定、轉(zhuǎn)子的相對(duì)伸長而引起的發(fā)電機(jī)定、轉(zhuǎn)子中心的軸向位移。因此，安裝定子時(shí)，應(yīng)使定子2中心相對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)子本體中心向非汽端偏移△距離（△二△1+了，A1為汽輪機(jī)向發(fā)電機(jī)方向的膨脹量，△?為發(fā)電機(jī)前后軸承之間的轉(zhuǎn)子膨脹量），以保證在負(fù)載時(shí)正常運(yùn)行。軸承的安裝：安裝前應(yīng)清洗并檢查軸承座及軸瓦。軸承座的油室、軸瓦與軸承座的油通路應(yīng)清潔、無鑄砂及污垢，并檢查軸瓦巴氏合金，應(yīng)無刻劃的溝道、裂紋、氣孔、夾雜物及脫殼等缺陷。軸瓦與軸承座內(nèi)球面以及軸承水平結(jié)合面應(yīng)接觸良好。軸瓦進(jìn)、出油孔應(yīng)與軸承座進(jìn)、油孔一致,不得裝反。軸承座應(yīng)根據(jù)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)中心線進(jìn)行安裝和調(diào)整，在軸承座下應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)放置干燥的絕緣墊板及調(diào)節(jié)墊片，為了防止絕緣墊板及絕緣錐銷損壞，應(yīng)用其它墊板及鋼錐銷代替，安裝完畢后再換以正式的絕緣墊板與絕緣錐銷。為消除電機(jī)及汽機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子熱膨脹引起的同向位移對(duì)油封的影響，安裝發(fā)電機(jī)后軸承座時(shí)，應(yīng)將后軸承中心線向非汽端方向移動(dòng)△距離（△=△1+42，41為汽輪機(jī)向發(fā)電機(jī)方向的膨脹量，42為發(fā)電機(jī)前后軸承之間的轉(zhuǎn)子膨脹量）。軸承下瓦的兩側(cè)墊塊與軸承座內(nèi)球面應(yīng)接觸良好。共31頁Total31Pages第4頁P(yáng)age4F0183312-SM(e)軸頸與軸瓦間隙的調(diào)整，應(yīng)符合下列要求。軸頸與軸瓦接觸面中心角為60。-90。，接觸分布應(yīng)均勻。.軸頸與軸瓦頂部間隙為軸頸直徑的1.5/1000-2.0/1000,兩側(cè)單面間隙為軸頸直徑的0.75/1000-1.00/1000。軸承蓋與上瓦應(yīng)有±0.03mm過盈或間隙。修準(zhǔn)擋油板間隙：上部為0.25-0.30mm、兩側(cè)為0.15-0.25mm、下部為0.10-0.15mm。發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子的安裝發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子的安裝應(yīng)非常謹(jǐn)慎、細(xì)心，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)子很重，而與定子的間隙又不大，因此安裝時(shí)必須注意下列各點(diǎn)，以防損壞電機(jī)。鋼絲繩不得觸及軸頸、風(fēng)扇、檢測(cè)環(huán)及引線等處。起吊及安裝時(shí)不得以轉(zhuǎn)子護(hù)環(huán)為著力點(diǎn)。吊裝轉(zhuǎn)子時(shí)，鋼絲繩不得碰及定子線圈端部。鋼絲繩拴住轉(zhuǎn)子的地方，應(yīng)當(dāng)用木板墊起，防止損壞轉(zhuǎn)子。不得將轉(zhuǎn)子直接放在定子鐵心上面，而應(yīng)用墊木襯墊。轉(zhuǎn)子穿入定子時(shí)可用本廠隨機(jī)供應(yīng)的抽裝轉(zhuǎn)子工具。安裝方法見圖1。圖1穿轉(zhuǎn)子方法除按圖安裝外，尚需注意以下各點(diǎn)。共31頁Total31Pages第5頁P(yáng)age5F0183312-SM(e)為使空氣冷卻器在檢修時(shí)能滴干剩水，安裝時(shí)應(yīng)有少許斜度。冷、熱風(fēng)道之間應(yīng)有隔熱層，以防止相互間傳導(dǎo)熱。冷卻系統(tǒng)的四周應(yīng)密封，在風(fēng)道內(nèi)壁涂刷油漆以保證冷卻空氣干燥與清潔。所有風(fēng)路應(yīng)圓滑光潔，以減少空氣流通阻力及通風(fēng)損失。.使用說明發(fā)電機(jī)的干燥：發(fā)電機(jī)在運(yùn)輸存放過程中，線圈和鐵心都可能吸水受潮，這些水汽深藏在內(nèi)部，在冷態(tài)下絕緣電阻雖很高，但在運(yùn)行發(fā)熱后，水汽蒸發(fā)出來，使絕緣電阻降低，繞組有可能被擊穿，因此發(fā)電機(jī)在運(yùn)行前必須先行干燥。發(fā)電機(jī)干燥方法有如下幾種，可根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件進(jìn)行選擇。短路干燥法：定子三相接成短路，短路必須在油開關(guān)之前，如不得已而在油開關(guān)之后則必須斷開跳閘線圈回路，以免斷開短路時(shí)產(chǎn)生高壓而擊穿線圈。短路必須可靠，各相電流務(wù)必相同，否則不平衡電流可能造成轉(zhuǎn)子表面過熱，因此三相應(yīng)裝置電流表，以備觀察。短路電流必須由小到大逐漸上升，當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速接近2000-3000r/min時(shí)，運(yùn)行5-10h(即風(fēng)損干燥法)，然后調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)節(jié)器，使定子電流為50-60%額定電流，以后逐步增大，但不得超過80%額定電流。用此法干燥時(shí)要注意兩端鐵心及零件產(chǎn)生過熱。短路干燥時(shí)汽輪機(jī)負(fù)載很小，應(yīng)注意檢查汽輪機(jī)后汽缸是否發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈過熱。定子鐵損干燥法：在定子上纏以一定匝數(shù)的電纜，通單相電流使定子鐵心產(chǎn)生損耗而發(fā)熱干燥，注意事項(xiàng)如下：電纜可以在不抽出轉(zhuǎn)子的情況下纏繞在定子上，將軸承絕緣好，并在干燥過程中注意監(jiān)視其絕緣性。測(cè)量定、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組的絕緣電阻時(shí)，不切開電纜的電源。電纜匝數(shù)的確定：共31頁Total31Pages第6頁P(yáng)age6

F0183312-SM(e)F0183312-SM(e)45U式中：W 電纜匝數(shù)U——電源電壓(V)B——干燥時(shí)選用磁通密度(T),一般0.6-0.8T即(6000-8000Gs)Qa1--有效鐵心截面積(mm2),見《試驗(yàn)規(guī)范》電纜可選用XV-500V電纜，其載流量為正常使用值的60-70%,不得選用鎧裝或鉛皮的電纜。使用鐵損干燥法時(shí)，應(yīng)檢查鐵心內(nèi)圓不得有金屬物，以免引起短路，使鐵心受損。通風(fēng)損耗干燥法定子三相要接成短路，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組開路。如發(fā)電機(jī)通風(fēng)損耗干燥法在密閉循環(huán)通風(fēng)冷卻風(fēng)路中進(jìn)行，可停止對(duì)空氣冷卻器供水。如發(fā)電機(jī)用作開放式通風(fēng)冷卻，可封閉一切空氣外流的通路。電機(jī)可在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下運(yùn)行，靠風(fēng)摩損發(fā)熱干燥，干燥過程中應(yīng)周期性的打開發(fā)電機(jī)上的視察窗5-10min/次，以排除水汽。發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)用上述各法進(jìn)行干燥時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下各點(diǎn)：發(fā)電機(jī)加熱時(shí)溫度應(yīng)逐漸上升，上升速度一般約為5-8℃/h為宜。干燥時(shí)鐵心和線圈最熱點(diǎn)的最高溫度如下：TOC\o"1-5"\h\z用溫度計(jì)法測(cè)定： 70 ℃用電阻溫度計(jì)法測(cè)定； 80 ℃用電阻法測(cè)定： 90 ℃從電機(jī)排出的空氣溫度： 65℃當(dāng)電機(jī)干燥后吸收比及絕緣電阻值應(yīng)符合下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并5h以上穩(wěn)定不變，方可認(rèn)為干燥良好。定子繞組在干燥后接近工作溫度時(shí)，其對(duì)地及相間的絕緣電阻，用2500V兆歐表測(cè)量，應(yīng)不低于下式所求得的數(shù)值：(1000+(1000+SJ100)且R60,,/R5>.1.3共31頁Total31Pages第7頁P(yáng)age7F0183312-SM(e)式中：R絕緣電阻值（MQ）U電機(jī)繞組的額定電壓（V）SN發(fā)電機(jī)的額定容量（kVA）R60”60s時(shí)的絕緣電阻R15”15s時(shí)的絕緣電阻轉(zhuǎn)子線圈經(jīng)過干燥，絕緣電阻上升后，3h以上不再變化，并且在冷態(tài)（20℃）時(shí)，勵(lì)磁電壓500V以下的用500V兆歐表，勵(lì)磁電壓500V以上的用1000V兆歐表測(cè)量，均應(yīng)不小于1MQ，則認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)子線圈干燥合格。轉(zhuǎn)子插在定子內(nèi)干燥電機(jī)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)子處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子溫度達(dá)到70℃后，在2h內(nèi)至少應(yīng)把轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)180°一次。起動(dòng)前準(zhǔn)備：發(fā)電機(jī)在起動(dòng)前全部機(jī)件必須仔細(xì)檢查，確保起動(dòng)運(yùn)行條件齊備，并應(yīng)注意檢查下列事項(xiàng)：機(jī)組安裝就緒，全部螺栓應(yīng)堅(jiān)固。軸承潤滑油系統(tǒng)試運(yùn)行無問題。發(fā)電機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)試運(yùn)行無問題。發(fā)電機(jī)的電阻測(cè)溫裝置與偶衡指溫計(jì)應(yīng)接好并校檢正確，各部位溫度計(jì)也已裝接完畢。勵(lì)磁回路的檢查試驗(yàn)與整定完畢。勵(lì)磁回路接線正確。勵(lì)磁裝置的檢查試驗(yàn)與整定完畢。保護(hù)、測(cè)量、操作信號(hào)和同期回路的接線應(yīng)完整，并檢查試驗(yàn)完畢，所有保護(hù)裝置的整定值應(yīng)選擇正確，并進(jìn)行用繼電器接點(diǎn)控制的油開關(guān)和自動(dòng)滅磁開關(guān)的試驗(yàn)。機(jī)組的安全、消防、通訊設(shè)備及事故照明設(shè)備應(yīng)符合運(yùn)行要求（包括發(fā)電機(jī)滅火裝置）。發(fā)電機(jī)定子線圈引出線與電網(wǎng)的相序應(yīng)正確。發(fā)電機(jī)定子機(jī)座應(yīng)可靠的接地。起動(dòng)前應(yīng)該用盤車裝置來轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子，以確定轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部分無問題。發(fā)電機(jī)的起動(dòng)、并列、增加負(fù)荷及停車。共31頁Total31Pages第8頁P(yáng)age8F0183312-SM(e)發(fā)電機(jī)在空載無勵(lì)磁下起動(dòng)，起動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)按照汽輪機(jī)要求進(jìn)行。起動(dòng)應(yīng)注意以下各點(diǎn).：檢查軸承油溫、軸承振動(dòng)是否正常。檢測(cè)環(huán)上的炭刷是否因振動(dòng)而有接觸不良或跳動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。轉(zhuǎn)子軸向竄動(dòng)時(shí)旋轉(zhuǎn)部件與靜止部件有無磨擦。檢查軸承絕緣情況。發(fā)電機(jī)的并列必須滿足以下條件。發(fā)電機(jī)的頻率與系統(tǒng)頻率相同。發(fā)電機(jī)的電壓相位與系統(tǒng)電壓相位相同。發(fā)電機(jī)的電壓與系統(tǒng)電壓相等。發(fā)電機(jī)負(fù)荷增加與調(diào)節(jié)。發(fā)電機(jī)與系統(tǒng)并列后即可接受負(fù)荷，負(fù)荷增加的速度應(yīng)考慮以下幾點(diǎn)：汽輪機(jī)應(yīng)有充分時(shí)間來適應(yīng)負(fù)荷增加情況，以免葉片受過多的應(yīng)力。另一方面負(fù)荷的突增，鍋爐將引起汽水共發(fā)現(xiàn)象，以致打壞汽輪機(jī)葉片或冷凝器滿水引起真空下降。負(fù)荷增加得太快還將引起發(fā)電機(jī)繞組銅線與鐵心膨脹不均，致使絕緣受損，因此在一般情況下，發(fā)電機(jī)并入電網(wǎng)后可運(yùn)行在30%的額定負(fù)載，然后在30min內(nèi)均勻地增至額定負(fù)載。發(fā)電機(jī)的停車：先減去有功與無功負(fù)荷后斷開發(fā)電機(jī)開關(guān)，并啟用自動(dòng)滅磁裝置切斷勵(lì)磁，汽輪機(jī)停止運(yùn)行，同時(shí)空氣冷卻器立即停止供水。停車后，立即測(cè)量、記錄定子線圈和勵(lì)磁回路的絕緣電阻。運(yùn)行中注意事項(xiàng)：應(yīng)嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視并定時(shí)記錄電壓、電流、負(fù)載、頻率和定子線圈、定子鐵心、轉(zhuǎn)子線圈等的溫升及軸承出油溫度、進(jìn)出口風(fēng)溫等，其值不得超過規(guī)定數(shù)據(jù)。軸承進(jìn)油溫度約在35℃-45℃之間，出油溫度不得超過65℃。冷卻空氣溫度不超過40℃，空氣相對(duì)濕度不得大于50%?？諝饫鋮s器進(jìn)水溫度不得超過33℃，如進(jìn)水溫度超過33℃時(shí)，則應(yīng)注意電機(jī)進(jìn)風(fēng)溫度是否超過40℃。超過40℃時(shí)，應(yīng)按提高的進(jìn)風(fēng)溫度，相應(yīng)降低電機(jī)負(fù)荷，從而控共31頁Total31Pages第9頁P(yáng)age9F0183312-SM(e)制電機(jī)的允許溫度。軸承座振動(dòng)限值在制造廠，轉(zhuǎn)子在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下單獨(dú)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)考核振動(dòng)。在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，機(jī)組成軸系在空載和額定狀態(tài)下考核振動(dòng)，軸承座的振動(dòng)限值見表3,新機(jī)出廠時(shí)振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)值應(yīng)在A范圍內(nèi)，升降速、過臨界轉(zhuǎn)速或超速時(shí)的振動(dòng)不得超過C范圍。軸承座振動(dòng)限值（單位：〃m峰-峰值） 表3范圍轉(zhuǎn)速（r/min）1500180030003600A50422521B1281076453C324270162135注：①范圍A：振動(dòng)數(shù)值在此范圍內(nèi)的設(shè)備可認(rèn)為是良好的，并可不加限制地運(yùn)行。②范圍B：振動(dòng)數(shù)值在此范圍內(nèi)的設(shè)備可以接受作長期運(yùn)行。③范圍C：振動(dòng)數(shù)值落入此范圍內(nèi)，開始報(bào)警，提請(qǐng)注意安排維修。一般，該機(jī)器還可以運(yùn)行一段有限時(shí)間，直到有合適機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行檢修為止。④振動(dòng)數(shù)值超出C時(shí)，瞬時(shí)跳閘。經(jīng)常對(duì)檢測(cè)環(huán)和碳刷（如果有）進(jìn)行檢查與維護(hù)，檢查碳刷有無火花、過熱燒紅、磨損不均或在刷合內(nèi)晃動(dòng)、卡住等現(xiàn)象。發(fā)電機(jī)著火時(shí)，應(yīng)立即打掉汽輪機(jī)的危急保安器或操作緊急停機(jī)按鈕。并關(guān)閉補(bǔ)給風(fēng)門，在發(fā)電機(jī)與電網(wǎng)切斷、自動(dòng)滅磁裝置動(dòng)作后，方可向機(jī)內(nèi)噴水，直至火災(zāi)消滅為止。而且應(yīng)保持發(fā)電機(jī)在較低轉(zhuǎn)速約300r/min左右轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，以免轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲。運(yùn)行中故障分析：運(yùn)行中一般常見故障原因簡要分析如下發(fā)電機(jī)電氣不穩(wěn)定：系統(tǒng)由于短路或其它原因，造成系統(tǒng)電壓太低引起不穩(wěn)定。汽輪機(jī)調(diào)速器調(diào)速不靈。勵(lì)磁裝置整定不良，引起無功負(fù)載分配的振蕩。發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)不出電壓旋轉(zhuǎn)硅整流元件損壞。共31頁Total31Pages第10頁P(yáng)age10F0183312-SM(e)勵(lì)磁線圈兩點(diǎn)接地。發(fā)電機(jī)振動(dòng)：振動(dòng)過大是比較常見的故障，危害甚大，一般有下列原因:電磁原因造成振動(dòng)：轉(zhuǎn)子線圈匝間短路或是接地造成磁場(chǎng)不平衡。定子和轉(zhuǎn)子氣隙不均勻。定子鐵心絕緣損壞，硅鋼片松動(dòng)。機(jī)械原因造成振動(dòng)：汽輪機(jī)與發(fā)電機(jī)聯(lián)軸器中心配合不正。轉(zhuǎn)子線圈變形，端部墊塊松動(dòng)。軸承間隙不當(dāng)或軸承螺栓松動(dòng)，軸承潤滑油溫過低。轉(zhuǎn)子平衡塊松動(dòng)位移?；A(chǔ)底板與基礎(chǔ)脫開，墊鐵位移等。發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子軸向竄動(dòng)：安裝時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)子位置傾斜。定子和轉(zhuǎn)子中心不在同一位置。定子線圈的故障：繞組槽楔或端部墊塊綁扎不緊，引起松動(dòng)，磨損絕緣。由于過電壓引起繞組絕緣擊穿。線圈端部焊接不良，引起端部接頭過熱。長期過載或年久絕緣老化。轉(zhuǎn)子線圈的故障：.由于轉(zhuǎn)子線圈端部污穢引起的絕緣電阻下降。由于過速或其它原因，引起轉(zhuǎn)子過電壓造成絕緣擊穿。匝間短路或不穩(wěn)定接地。軸承的故障：油量不足造成軸承過熱。密封不良引起軸承漏油。由于軸承座絕緣不良，軸電流流過軸承，造成軸瓦電蝕。冷卻器的故障：共31頁Total31Pages第11頁P(yáng)age11F0183312-SM(e)冷卻水污穢引起管道阻塞。機(jī)械振動(dòng)引起脹口漏水或管子破裂。發(fā)電機(jī)過熱：發(fā)電機(jī)過載運(yùn)行。鐵心或繞組短路?？諝饫鋮s器或通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)故障。.維護(hù)檢修說明發(fā)電機(jī)的安全運(yùn)行，很大程度上決定于維護(hù)檢修，因此凡在運(yùn)行中的發(fā)電機(jī)均應(yīng)根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件，定期進(jìn)行大修或小修。在平時(shí)運(yùn)行期間，用約2個(gè)大氣壓的干燥空氣吹掃電機(jī)外露集灰表面。注意空氣的吹向，應(yīng)不得使污穢吹入機(jī)內(nèi)?，F(xiàn)將一般部件維修項(xiàng)目分述如下：檢修前的準(zhǔn)備工作：發(fā)電機(jī)停機(jī)檢修前，應(yīng)根據(jù)運(yùn)行記錄發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷。提出革新與改進(jìn)措施，編制檢修項(xiàng)目、進(jìn)度，準(zhǔn)備必要的儀表工具、備品和材料，并應(yīng)對(duì)電機(jī)進(jìn)行一些必要的試驗(yàn)。如：6.1.1測(cè)量軸承的振動(dòng)；6.1.2停機(jī)后立刻測(cè)量定、轉(zhuǎn)子線圈的熱態(tài)絕緣電阻。軸承的檢修：測(cè)量軸承座與基礎(chǔ)板，進(jìn)、出油管間的絕緣是否損壞；檢查軸襯是否磨損，軸襯與瓦的接合面有無裂紋，表面與油路是否清潔；應(yīng)該時(shí)常檢查軸承的用油質(zhì)量和粘度，并且定期予以更換。轉(zhuǎn)子的檢修一般情況的轉(zhuǎn)子檢修工作：擦凈檢測(cè)環(huán)和引線周圍的污穢；檢查風(fēng)扇葉片的緊固情況，安裝角度是否有變化；檢查風(fēng)扇環(huán)及中心環(huán)上的平衡塊有無松動(dòng)；檢查小齒上的月形溝有無堵塞，護(hù)環(huán)有無異?，F(xiàn)象；檢查轉(zhuǎn)子端部墊塊有否松動(dòng)；檢查軸頸表面情況。共31頁Total31Pages第12頁P(yáng)age12F0183312-SM(e)在抽出轉(zhuǎn)子后的轉(zhuǎn)子檢修工作：新機(jī)投入運(yùn)行一年后，最好抽出轉(zhuǎn)子檢修，以后可每三至四年抽出一次，特殊情況例外，抽插轉(zhuǎn)子方法可參考安裝說明。測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)子的絕緣電阻；檢查轉(zhuǎn)子槽楔有無松動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)子表面及本體與護(hù)環(huán)配合處有無變色；檢查轉(zhuǎn)子線圈端部有無變形，墊塊位置有無位移。拆除護(hù)環(huán)的程序：只有在轉(zhuǎn)子線圈嚴(yán)重匝間短路影響正常運(yùn)行、接地或絕緣電阻嚴(yán)重下降，采取措施后仍無法排除故障時(shí)，才拆除護(hù)環(huán)。其程序如下：將轉(zhuǎn)子放在木制的鞍架上，讓大齒朝下，拆下風(fēng)葉，拆前先作好相對(duì)位置記錄；將轉(zhuǎn)子本體上的月形溝用石棉線塞滿；將全部拆除護(hù)環(huán)所需的工具裝置準(zhǔn)備就緒；用幾支氣焊噴槍同時(shí)對(duì)護(hù)環(huán)均勻加熱到200℃-250℃。(以錫條溶化為準(zhǔn))，此時(shí)用小錘輕敲護(hù)環(huán)，從聲音判別配合面是否松脫；應(yīng)用拆護(hù)環(huán)工具，將護(hù)環(huán)拔出，在拔出護(hù)環(huán)時(shí)應(yīng)該用鋼絲繩將護(hù)環(huán)吊住。注：拆中心環(huán)及風(fēng)扇環(huán)時(shí)，方法與上相似，拆中心環(huán)時(shí)要將花鼓筒上的弧健先拆下，拆風(fēng)扇環(huán)時(shí)應(yīng)先拆下全部風(fēng)扇葉片。拆除護(hù)環(huán)后的轉(zhuǎn)子檢修工作：觀察轉(zhuǎn)子線圈端部是否變形，墊塊是否松動(dòng)和位移；用干凈壓縮空氣吹掃積灰；檢查轉(zhuǎn)子線圈匝間、端部及接至檢測(cè)環(huán)引線的絕緣情況；針對(duì)檢查出的問題進(jìn)行必要的修理，包括線圈重新絕緣；對(duì)于修理較大，重配端部墊塊的轉(zhuǎn)子，套上護(hù)環(huán)后要重新進(jìn)行動(dòng)平衡；護(hù)環(huán)應(yīng)垂直安放。檢測(cè)環(huán)與碳刷架的檢修檢查刷架是否松動(dòng)，彈簧壓力是否合適，電刷連接是否牢固，全部零件應(yīng)保持清潔干凈；檢測(cè)環(huán)磨損后表面不平時(shí)，應(yīng)該將轉(zhuǎn)子裝在原軸承座上，進(jìn)行磨光或拋光，切削速度可采取汽輪機(jī)的最低均勻速度。共31頁Total31Pages第13頁P(yáng)age13F0183312-SM(e)定子的檢修：不抽出轉(zhuǎn)子時(shí)的檢修：外觀檢查線圈端部及聯(lián)接線的絕緣有無損壞、膨脹、掉漆等，端部接頭處的絕緣有無枯朽、過熱跡象。墊塊、綁線、支架有否松動(dòng)。同時(shí)清理干凈。測(cè)量每一分支路直流電阻與工廠試驗(yàn)報(bào)告相比較。測(cè)量電阻測(cè)溫元件的絕緣電阻，有無損壞。在冷態(tài)下用250V兆歐表測(cè)量時(shí)應(yīng)不低于1MQ。抽出轉(zhuǎn)子時(shí)的檢修：除上述檢查項(xiàng)目外，還應(yīng)檢查以下各點(diǎn)：繞組槽楔有無松動(dòng)、位移。在徑向通風(fēng)溝內(nèi)部的線圈絕緣，有無顯著脹出情況，通風(fēng)溝內(nèi)有無油灰堵塞。檢查鐵心是否松弛，鐵心絕緣有否損壞。用干凈的壓縮空氣吹掃定子鐵心及線圈積灰后，根據(jù)情況決定是否在線圈端部噴以絕緣漆。在定子腔內(nèi)不得遺忘工具及其它物品。冷卻器的檢修：檢查風(fēng)室內(nèi)是否干凈，門窗是否嚴(yán)密；清除水管內(nèi)沉淀物，可用稀鹽酸清洗管中石灰性積穢，事后必須用熱水和清水洗去余酸；檢查水封有否滲漏，少數(shù)水管滲漏且不可能更換時(shí)，可將壞管二端用木塞或橡皮封住繼續(xù)使用，但此時(shí)有效冷卻面積減少，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)進(jìn)風(fēng)溫度的觀察。共31頁Total31Pages第14頁P(yáng)age14F0183312-SM(e)SummaryTypeofQF-18-2steamturbinegeneratorisdesignedandmanufacturedbyCCJEC,whichisa3phases,AC.Generator,anddrivenbyasteamturbine.QF-18-2JI Pole：2_ Ratedpower:18MWThegeneratorisof3000r/minratedspeed,50Hzfrequency,directlycoupleswithanddrivenbysteam-turbine,excitationofgeneratoradoptscoaxialAC.Exciter.Thegeneratorisdesignedwithaclosedcirculationventilatingsystem，andcooledbyair.Rotatingdirectionisclockwisewhilethegeneratorbeseenfromsteam-turbine.TechnicalDataTechniquedataofgeneratorTable1TypeRatedpowerRatedvoltagePowerfactorEfficiency(Guaranteevalue)QF-18-218MW6300V0.8>97%Detailedtechnicaldataisinrelateddrawingsanddocuments.Normaloperatingconditionsofgeneratorareasfollows:Nottoexceed1000maltitude.Temperatureofcoolairisnotexceeding+40℃.Fixedinthegeneratorworkshop.TemperatureriseandlimitvalueofgeneratorWhilethegeneratorisrunningattheconditionof2.2operatingconditionanddataoftable1，thetemperaturelimitvalueisaccordwithtable2共31頁Total31Pages第15頁P(yáng)age15F0183312-SM(e)Table2partsMeasuringmethodPermissibletemperature-rise(K),40℃coolingmediumStatorwindingEmbeddedresistancethermometer80KRotorwindingResistance90KStatorcoreEmbeddedresistancethermometer80KCollectorringThermometer80KOtherpartswhichisnotcontactwithcoreTemperatureriseofthesepartsshallbelessthanpermissiblevaluewhichdamagestheinsulation.2.3.2Oiloutlettemperatureofbearingisnottoexceed65℃,temperaturebearingbushisnottoexceed80℃。StructureThestructureofthegeneratorisshowninthedrawinggivenalongwiththegenerator.StatorThestatorframeisweldedsteelplateanddesignedsoshortframeastobeputwindingsinandrepaired.Theliftingringsareweldedonbothsidesoftheframe.Thestatorcoreisalaminatedcoreandmadeupofhighqualitysiliconsteelsheetssupportedbyslottedsteelsformingradialventilatingslots.Thestatorslotshapeisopenandrectangle.Statorwindingisofhalf-groupofwhichendwindingstructureisbasket-shaped.Statorwindingadopts360transpositionatthestraightlineportion,whichiswrappedwithglassfibremicapapertape,andhotpressing.Endwindingsupportedbytriangleinsulationbracket,andtiedupwithbracketandmoldedno-wovenfibrebindingringstogether.Thestatorwindinghave6terminalsattheendoppositetosteam-turbine.RotorTherotorisforgedofhighqualityalloysteel,hasradialfed-in-wireslotsandhasmoon-shapedslotsattheendsofsmallteethforventilatingandcooling.Rotorwindingiswoundwithflatcopperwire.Havingbeenwedgedinbyepoxyresin共31頁Total31Pages第16頁P(yáng)age16F0183312-SM(e)glassfibrewedges,endinsulationoftherotorwindingisbakedandpressedtobeanintegral.Rotorwedgesarehardaluminumatthemiddlesection,aluminimumbronzeatthebothends.Ventilatingwedgesaresteelwherethereareholesforventilating.Rotorretainingringismadeofnone-magneticforgedsteel,thereareaxial-flowfansonbothendsoftherotor.Endshield&BaseplateTheendcoversincludeinsideandoutsidecoversmadeupofcastirononwhichthereareinspectionwindowsandextinguishingtubesandhermeticdevice.Thebottomcoversareweldedbysteelplates.Thereareextinguishingtubesalso,andlead-outwireplateatnon-steamturbinesidewhere6terminalsarefixed.Thebearingispressureoilcirculationjournalbearingwithbusheswhichcanadjustcenterautomatically.Bearingpedestalismadeupofcastiron,andequippedwithoilcatchdeviceonbothends.Insulationismadebetweenbearingpedestalbyexciterendandbaseplateandbetweenoilpipes.Thebaseplateisflattypewhichisassembledduringtheerection.Resistancetemperaturemeasuringelementshallbeembeddedinthestator.Therearebimetallicthermometersonthesideofendcoversandframeformeasuringtemperatureofoutletandinletair.Thereareresistancethermometerdetectingelementsatwindoutletofframe.Therearealsobimetallicthermometersatoiloutletofbearingpedestal.Thetypesofthermometersarechosenbycustomers.Thereareearthingbrushonbearingcovernearbysteam-turbineend.Thegeneratoradoptsone-inletandtwo-outletclosedself-circulationventilationsystem.Thereareaxialflowfansonbothendsofrotor，andhotairiscooledbyaircooler.InstallationNotesonstorageandtransportationBeforeinstallation,thegeneratorshallbestoredinacleananddryroomwhereroomtemperatureisnormallynolessthan+5℃.Duringthestorageperiod,aninspectionshallbedoneatleaseeverythreemonths.Protectivecoatingshouldnotbetakenoff.Thejournal,coreandslideringshouldnotgetrusty,andtheinsulationresistanceofwindingsshallbemeasured.Afterabovecheckinghave共31頁Total31Pages第17頁P(yáng)age17F0183312-SM(e)beencompleted,repackagingmustbedonewellagain.Paymoreattentiontothesurfacesofthejournal,shafthead,couplerandslidering.Theyshallbepaintedwithantirustpaintandwrappedwithmoisture-proofpaper.Whileplacingrotor,thebigteethshallbestressedinsteadofretainingring.Whileliftingandhandlingtherotor,thewireropeshallbeputonthespecifiedposition.InstallationTheinstallationofthegeneratorshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotheinstallationdrawingregulationsofPowerDepartmentandexperienceoftheInstallationCorp.andthepracticalconditions,besides,paymoreattentiontothefollowing:Sizeandqualityofthegenerator,sfoundationbolthole,windchannelandtheholeleadingtothegenerator,ssmallroom.Thefoundationboltholeshallbeverticalandconformstothedimensions.Payattentiontotheelevationofconcretesurfacesindifferentparts.Layoutofpadsunderthebaseplate.Accordingtotheverticalandhorizontalcenterlineandelevationdimensionedinfoundationdrawing,thebaseplateshallbepreliminaryinstalled,andpadplateshallbeputunderthebaseplate.Arrangementofthewedgesissymmetricalabouthorizontalandverticallinesofthegenerator.Thewedgesareplacedonthepositionconcentratedloadanditsspaceis250mm.Thespaceinotherpositionmaybe400~700mm.Unitloadofpressedconcretesurfaceunderthewedgesisnotmorethan2.5?4Mpa(Thatis25-40kgf/cm2).Thewedgesshallbeplacedunderribplatesofbaseplateaspossible.Thenumberofthewedgesshallbefewaspossible,3-5generally.Thinwedgesshallbeplacedonthickwedges.Theconcretesurfaceunderthepadsshallbeflat,andthecontactbetweenpadplatesandsurfaceofconcrete，padplatesandbaseplates，padplatesandpadplatesshallbeexcellent.Inordertopreventthepadfrommovingwhilegroutingtheconcrete，thepadplatewillbespotweldedoninclinedpad.InstallationofgeneratorstatorWhileliftingthegeneratorstator,payattentionnottodamagethewindingoverhang.共31頁Total31Pages第18頁 Page18F0183312-SM(e)Meanwhile,preventthestatorfromrotatingaroundliftingring.Whileinstalling,itshallbetakenintoaccountthattheaxialdisplacementofturbo-generatorstatorandrotor,scentercausedbytherelativestrengthofthesteamturbine,sstatorandrotor.Deviationvalueofrotor2centerlinetostatorcenterline(tonon-steamturbineside)is△(A=A1+2,A1isswellincrementofturbinetogenerator,△2isswellincrementofrotorintwobearing),soastooperatinginnormalload..InstallationofbearingpedestalBearinganditspedestalshallbecleanedandcheckedcarefullybeforeinstalling..1Oilroomofbearingpedestalandoilwayshallbeclean,nocastingsandsandnodirt.Therearenodefectssuchasnick,crack,blowhole,impurityandexuviateonBabbittalloysofbearing.Makesuregoodcontactbetweenbearingbushandinnersphericalsurfacesofbearingpedestal.Positionofoilinletandoutletholesofbearingisconsistentwiththatofpedestal,whichshallbecheckedcarefully.Pedestalshallbeinstalledandadjustedaccordingtothecenterlineoftheturbo-generator.Driedinsulationpadsandadjustingpadareplacedunderthepedestal.Whileinstallingthebearingpedestal，formalpadsandinsulationtaperpinsshallbereplacedrespectivelywithtemporarilyotherpadsandsteelpinstoavoidbeingdamaged.Moverearbearingfromit,scenterlinetonon-steamturbinesidefordistance△,soastocounteracteffectcausedbyoffset(heatexpansionofsteamturbinerotor)atthesamedirection.(△=△1+△2,△1isswellincrementofturbinetogenerator,△2isswellincrementofrotorintwobearings).Contactbetweenpadsontwosidesofthelowerbearingandbearingpedestalshallbeexcellent.Clearancebetweenshaftandbearingisadjustedaccordingtofollowing:Contactsurfacerangebetweenshaftandbearingis60°?90°centralandcontactdistributingshallbeuniform..Therangeofclearancebetweenshaftandbearingisbetween1.5/1000and2/1000ofshaftdiameter.Therangeofsingleclearanceattwosidesisbetween0.75/1000and1/1000.共31頁Total31Pages第19頁P(yáng)age19F0183312-SM(e)Thereare0.03mmshrinkrangeorclearancebetweenbearingcoverandbearingbush.Clearancebetweenshaftandoilcatchplateare0.25-0.30mmofupperpart,0.15-0.25mmofbothsidesand0.10-0.15mmoflowerpart.InstallationofrotorTheinstallationofrotorshallbeverycareful,becausetherotorisveryheavyandthereisonlyasmallgapbetweentherotorandstator,followingitemsshallbepaidattentiontowhileinstalling:Steelwireropeshouldnotcontactthejournal,fan,collectingringandterminalsofwire.Beingliftedandinstalled,theretainingringshouldnotbeservedasbracingpoint.Whileliftingtherotor,thewireropeshouldnotcontactendpartofstatorwinding.Putwoodenplatetothepointwherethewireropetieduptherotor.Donotputtherotordirectlyonthestatorcoreandawoodpadshallbeputbetweenthem.Wheninsertingtherotor,usethedrawingandinsertingrotortools,methodisshowninFig.1Fig.1Methodofinsertingrotor共31頁Total31Pages第20頁P(yáng)age20F0183312-SM(e)Payattentiontothefollowingbesidesinstallationdrawing:Inordertodripthewaterwhichremainsinthecoolerwhencheckingandrepairingit,makealittletiltedwheninstalling.Thereshallbethermalinsulatinglayerbetweencoolandheatwindchannelstoavoidthermalconduction.Thereshallbesealinguparoundcoolingsystem,andpaintinginsidethewindchanneltokeepthecoolingairdryandclean.Allthewindchannelsshallbesmoothandcleantoreducetheairfrictionandventilationloss.OperationInstructionDryingofthegenerator:Duringthetransportationandstorage,ironcoreandwindingsmaybeabsorbmoisturewhichkeepsinside.Althoughinsulatingresistanceishighatcoolstate,itwillgetlowerbecauseoftheevaporationofthesteamwhenthegeneratoroperates,andthewindingsmaybebreakdown.Sotheturbo-generatorshallbedriedbeforerunning.Thefollowingmethodsofdryingcanbeselectedaccordingtotheconditiononsite.Short-circuitdryingmethod:Connectingthreephasesdirectly,whichmustbeaheadtheoil-switch.Ifitcannotbeconnectedaheadtheoil-switch,youmustcutoffthetripwindingcircuittoavoidbreakingdownthewindingbecauseofhighvoltageproducedbycuttingofftheshort-circuit.Besurethattheshort-circuitissafeandthecurrentofeachphasemustbesame,otherwisetheunbalancedcurrentwillcausetherotorsurfaceoverheat.Sothethreephasesshallbeequippedwithamperemeterformonitoring.Theshort-circuitcurrentmustgoupstepbystep,ifthespeedofgeneratoriscloseto2000~3000r/min,letthegeneratorrun5-10h(thatiswinddryingmethod),thenregulatethestatorcurrentslowlyfrom50~60%ofratedcurrenttolessthan80%ofratedcurrent.Whenusingthismethod,payattentiontotheoverheatofthecore,stwoendsandcomponents.Loadofsteamturbineissmallwhenusingshort-circuitdryingmethod,payattentionthatifthebacksteamcylinderofsteamturbineisoverheat.共31頁Total31Pages第21頁P(yáng)age21F0183312-SM(e)IronlossdryingmethodofstatorWindingthestatorwithsometurnsofwirewithsingle-phasecurrenttomakethestatorcoreheatanddry.Payattentiontothefollowing:Thewirecanbewrappedonthestatorwithoutdrawingouttherotor,butthebearingmustbeinsulatedwellandtheinsulatingpropertymustbemonitoredduringdrying.Don,tcutpoweroffwhenmeasuringtheinsulationresistancestatorandrotorwinding.Determinationofcableturnnumber45Uq~bW--turn-numberU--supplyvoltage(V)B--magneticfluxdensity,generally0.6-0.8T(6000-8000Gs)Qa1—Activeareaofcore,detailsin“TESTSPECIFICATION”.XV-500Vcablemaybeselectedofwhichcurrent-carryingis60-70%ofrating.Don,tusearmorcableorleadcoveredcable.Checkwhetherthereismetalattheinsideofthecorewhenusingtheironlossdryingmethodinordertoavoidshortcircuitanddamagingthecore.VentilationlossdryingmethodThestatorthreephasesshallbeconnectedtoformashort-circuit,andtherotoropencircuit.Stopthewatersupplytotheaircoolerifthegeneratoriscooledbyclosedcirculationventilation.Shutupalltheairchannelsifthegeneratoriscooledbyopenventilation.Thegeneratorcouldbedriedbywindlosswhenrunningattheratedspeed.Duringtheperiod，theinspectionwindowonthegeneratorshallbeopenfor5-10minregularlytoletthemoistureout.Payattentiontothefollowingwhenusingabovemethod:Whilethegeneratorisheated,thetemperatureshouldincreasegradually,about5-8℃perhour.Thetemperatureofthehottestspotofthecoreandwindingisasfollows:Thermometermethod: 70℃共31頁Total31Pages第22頁P(yáng)age22

F0183312-SM(e)90℃65℃90℃65℃Resistancemethod:Temperatureofoutletair:Onlywhentheabsorptionandinsulationresistanceconformtothefollowingstandardandkeepformorethan5h,thegeneratorisdriedwell.Whenthestatorwindingrununderworkingtemperatureafterdrying,theinsulationresistancetothegroundandphasesshouldnotbebelowthefollowingdata:U

(1000+U

(1000+S//100)&R60,,/R15.>.1.3R--Insulationresistance(MQ)U--Ratedvoltageofstatorwinding(V)SN--Ratedcapacity(kVA)R60"--Insulationresistancewhileheating60sR15"--Insulationresistancewhileheating15sWhentherotorwindingshavebeendriedandtheinsulationresistancehaveincreasedtoavaluewhichdoesnotchangeformorethan3h,thedryingofrotorwindingisqualified(20℃).Measureingwitha500Vmegameter(excitationvoltageis<500V)or1000Vmegameter(excitationvoltageis>500V),measuredvalueshall>1MQ.Whentherotorisdriedinsidethestator,therotorisstatic.Therotorshallberotated180°each2hafterthetemperaturereaches70℃.PreparationbeforestartingAllthegeneratorpartsshallbecheckedcarefullybeforestartingtoensurethattheconditionsofoperationarecompleteandpayattentiontothefollowings:Alloftheboltsshallbetightafterinstallation.Lubricatingsystemofbearingisingoodcondition.Coolingsystemofgeneratorisingoodcondition.Temperaturemeasuringdevicehasbeenconnectedandcheckedout,andthethermometersofallpartshavebeeninstalled.Checktestandadjustmentofthefieldcircuithavebeenfinished.Connectionoffieldcircuitisright.Checktestandadjustmentofthecontroldeviceofexcitationhavebeenfinished.共31頁Total31Pages第23頁P(yáng)age23F0183312-SM(e)Checktestandadjustmentofconnectionoftheprotective,measure,operationsignalandsynchronismcircuithavebeenfinished,adjustmentvalueoftheprotectivedeviceshallbeselectedrightandthetestoftheoilswitchcontrolledbyrelaycontactandautomaticdemagnetizingswitchhavebemade.Thesafetyandfirecontrol,communicationequipmentandaccidentlightingequipmentofthegeneratorsetshouldconformtooperationrequirements(includingfireextinguishingequipment).Thephasesequenceofthestatorlead-outwiremustmatchwiththepowergrid.Thestatorframeofthegeneratorshallbereliablegrounded.Rotatingtherotorwithbarringgeartoensurethattherotatingpartsisingoodcondition.Starting,parallelin,addingloadandstopping.Startthegeneratorwithoutloadandexcitingaccordingtotherequirementsofsteamturbine.Payattentiontothefollowings:Examinewhetheroiltemperatureofbearingandvibrationofbearingarenormal.Checkingthebrushofpoorcontactandjumpingsituationcausedbyvibration.Thereisnorubonthecontactingsurfacebetweenrotarypartandstaticpartwhentherotorbouncesinaxialdirection.Checktheinsulationofthebearing.Theparallelinofthegeneratormustconformtothefollowingconditions.Thegeneratorfrequencyshallbesameassystemfrequency.Thevoltagephaseofgeneratorshallbesameasthatofsystem.Thegeneratorvoltageshallbesameassystemvoltage.Addingandadjustingtheloadofthegenerator.Theloadcanbetransmittedafterthegeneratorhasconnectedwiththesystem，payattentiontothefollowingitemswhileloadingup:Giveenoughtimetosteamturbinetofittheloadrising,soastoavoidgreatstressonblades.Ontheotherhand,whentheloadincreasesuddenly,simultaneousproducingphenomenonofwaterwilloccurintheboiler,whichwillresultbladesbreakdownandlowervacuumcausedbyoverwaterinthecondenser.Ifloadisraisedfast,itwillcausedifferentialexpansionofcoreandstatorwinding,共31頁Total31Pages第24頁P(yáng)age24F0183312-SM(e)andinsulationreductionofcoil,thus,afterthegeneratorisconnectedwithelectricnetworkunderthegeneralconditions,thestatorcoilispermittedto30%ratedcurrent,thenincreaseditevenlytoratedcurrent.StoppingofthegeneratorTakeawaytheactiveandreactiveloadbeforestoppingthegenerator,turnontheswitchofgenerator,cutoutexcitingbyautodemagnetizingequipment,stopthesteamturbine，andatthesametime，stopaircoolerimmediately.Afterstoppingthegenerator,recordtheinsulationresistan