七年級(jí)完形填空解題技巧

1七年級(jí)完型填空題解題技巧一、完形填空的特點(diǎn)是什么？完形填空是一種旨在考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題，難易程度與初中教材相當(dāng)，詞數(shù)在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25個(gè)詞左右設(shè)一空。人名、地名、日期等不在設(shè)空之列。隔詞數(shù)越少，題目越難；反之亦然。文體多以記敘文為主，首句通常不設(shè)空?？疾閮?nèi)容集中在對(duì)名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不認(rèn)得字、詞語(yǔ)的情況下，能否通過(guò)推理判斷、綜合分析等全面理解文章的正確意思，然后把答案填入空白處，使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。它的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)就是突出語(yǔ)篇，即重在文意的干擾，把具體的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)融進(jìn)具體的語(yǔ)言情境中去，考查學(xué)生通過(guò)上下文對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。二、完形填空題的設(shè)置方法1.句子層次的設(shè)空(從詞匯、慣用法，語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì))指那些只需讀懂“空格”所在句子便可選出答案的題目，包括詞義識(shí)別，同義詞辨析，英語(yǔ)慣用法，語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。例1：Whenyoutakeyourclothesoff,rememberto86.Getintothehabitof(養(yǎng)成?,?的習(xí)慣)takingglassesandplatesdowntothekitchen.Beforelongyou’llbedoingitwithoutthinking.( )86.A.hangthemupB.leavethemaloneC.putthemonD.throwthemaway例2：OnlyMother'sLoveistruelove.Shegivesyoueverythingallherlife.Whenyouareababy,motherlooksafteryou16.Inyourwakinghoursshealwaysholdsyouinherarms.Whenyouareill,she17herworkrightawaytolookafteryou.Whenyouaregrowingup,shefeels18.( )16.A.carefulB.carefullyC.goodD.badly( )17.A.doesB.goesonC.stopsD.likes( )18.A.sadB.sillyC.upsetD.happy2.句群層次的設(shè)空(從語(yǔ)篇角度綜合測(cè)試考生的閱讀理解能力)2指根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，經(jīng)過(guò)推理判斷可以得到答案的題目。這種題目相對(duì)較難，但只要你能根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考慮，一定能選出正確的答案。①前制性設(shè)空：即根據(jù)上文有關(guān)內(nèi)容即可確定答案的題目。例1：ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIhadtoinfrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!A.writeB.speakC.singD.dance例2：Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents.Oneminutethey'refriendly,thenextminutethey'reshoutingandscreaming（尖叫）loudlyenoughforthewholestreettohear.Sowhomakesthemso85 .You,probably!（ ）85.A.friendlyB.lonelyC.changeableD.comfortable（舒適的）②后制性設(shè)空：指那些需要根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容才能選出正確答案的題目，即在下文某處有提示。例1：Nobodyhiminthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,“Iknowyoudon'tlikeme…”A.believedB.likedC.hatedD.knew例2：Countrymusiccomesfromkindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.A.many B.allC.twoD.threeEventhoughyoumaynotrealize（意識(shí)至U）it,yourparentshaveboughtyoumanyclothes.Butthey'renotbuyingthemselvesnewthingseveryweek,arethey?Thesimpletruthisthattherearemore87thingstospendmoneyon,liketheelectricity（電）billandfood.（ ）87.A.interestingB.difficultC.importantD.surprising3.語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空（從語(yǔ)篇角度綜合測(cè)試考生的閱讀理解能力）指那些需要聯(lián)系全文的情境、內(nèi)容才能確定正確答案的設(shè)空。這種題目難度較高，需要我們?cè)谌胬斫馕恼碌恼_意思下才能做出正確的選擇，這種題目主要用于拉開優(yōu)秀生與其他學(xué)生的分?jǐn)?shù)，但題目不會(huì)太多。例:Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents....Youmightnotwanttoeat,butthinkofitfromtheparents,pointofview.Ifyoucooktwomealsaday,itmeans730mealsayear.Canyouimaginehowboringthiscanget?Imaginehowyourparentsfeelwhenyousayyou,renotreallyhungry.)90.A.Inaddition90,yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyouaren,teatingenough.(B.InreturnC.AtmostD.Atlast3三、完形填空解題步驟與要領(lǐng)第一步：細(xì)讀首句，跳過(guò)空格，通讀全文，掌握大意細(xì)讀首句：明確短文話題，了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)全文內(nèi)容。跳過(guò)空格，快速通讀，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，把握中心。生詞的處理；跳過(guò)、判斷詞性、了解大意、猜測(cè)。第二步：上下聯(lián)系，逐句閱讀，先易后難，初定答案。答案要求語(yǔ)法正確，搭配無(wú)誤，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意思通順，前后一致，邏輯得當(dāng)。怎樣分析：A.從空格所在的句子單獨(dú)考慮。B.從空格所在的前后2-3句考慮。C.從整個(gè)段落、整篇短文考慮。思路一：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從語(yǔ)法和句型結(jié)構(gòu)考慮。思路二：理解句子含義，判斷句義關(guān)系，從詞匯的意義、用法和搭配考慮。思路三把握整體意思，尋找答題線索，從上下文考慮。思路四：)90.A.Inaddition4下面三種方法與技巧可供參考。（1）語(yǔ)意第一，語(yǔ)法第二原則。根據(jù)文化背景和生活常識(shí)，利用上下文線索，分析并列句的因果關(guān)系，可以選出正確答案。例1：Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgardenandtalkingabout.A.treesB.flowersC.childrenD.oldpeople【點(diǎn)撥】【Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgarden,andtalkingabout.Theyoungmansaid,"Howstrictshouldparentsbewiththeirchildren?】例2：LittleTomwonderedwhatwouldhappentotheeggs.Twoweekslater,littleTomfoundsomechicksoutoftheshells（蛋殼）. A.walkedB.ranC.jumped D.struggled例3：IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendollars.HewantedtoamodelplaneandwenttotheshopwiththemoneyA.sellB.buyC.holdD.bring（2）語(yǔ)法正確，注意細(xì)節(jié)的原則。在語(yǔ)意正確的前題下，還要根據(jù)學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，詞語(yǔ)辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面選擇正確答案。如：例1：Onenightthedogbegantobarksuddenly.ItmadeMrErens①tosleep.Hehadtogetupandtriedhis__②tostopit,butthebeastwouldn'tstop,andkepton③ . ①A.gonot B.notgoC.nottogoD.tonotgo②A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best③A.bark B.tobarkC.barkingD.barked例2：MrEvansisanoldmanofaboutsixty,Hiswifediedafewyearsago.Hischildrenhimbythen5A.leftB.wouldleaveC.haveleftD.hadleft?（3）從語(yǔ)法方面，根據(jù)所給答案的不同詞類，從不同角度分別考慮選擇。a.名詞的選擇，應(yīng)聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其性和數(shù)的一致。b.動(dòng)詞的選擇，要注意詞義和慣用搭配，還要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式?？紤]動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和是否是要填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。c.介詞的選擇，應(yīng)注意其慣用法，特別是與動(dòng)詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。d.代詞的選擇，要注意性（男或女）、數(shù)（單復(fù)數(shù)）、格（主格、賓格、形代、名代）是否準(zhǔn)確。e.連詞的選擇，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。f.形容詞和副詞的選擇，要注意詞義的區(qū)別，用于比較時(shí)，還要注意比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)等。例如：Amanandhiswifehadasmallbar（酒吧）nearastation.Theyoftenworkedlateintothenight,①__peoplecametodrinktherewhiletheywere__②__trains.Attwoo'clockonemorning,onemanwasstillatatableinthe

smallbar.Hewasasleep.Thebarman'swifewantedtoleave.Shelooked_③__thebarseveraltimes,andeachtimethemanwas④__there,Thenatlastshewenttoherhusbandandsaidtohim,"You__⑤__thatmansixtimes,George,⑥__heisn'tdrinkinganything?"?①A.assoonas B.becauseC.so D.though②A.catchingupwith B.gettingonC.lookingafterD.waitingfor③A.atB.forC.intoD.outof④A.alwaysB.oftenC.stillD.already⑤A.havewoken B.wakeC.hadwokenD.willwake⑥A.andB.butC.yetD.too五、【實(shí)例講解】6【例1】LastyearIboughtsomeflowerpots花盆).Ididn't__41__thematonce.Oneday,Iwenttoashop__42someflowerseeds(種子).ThenIputthemintoapotwithsoil(土壤)andwateredthem.Forafewdays,43happened.Iwentonwatching.Onthe44day,Ifinallysawtheseedsdevelopandfeltso45.Ourlifeissometimeslikean46flowerpotwithnothinginside.Ourdaysarefilledwithlotsofdifferentthings.Weusuallydon'tdothem47wethinkthey,renotveryimportant.But48wefindthatsomeimportantthingsaregone.Thosethingsweloseinlifeareseedsofhope,loveanddreams.Plantingfuninheartsisjustlike__49flowers.Theseedsoffuninheartswilldevelopastheseedsofflowers.SoifIplant__50__ofhope,Icanexpectsomethingwonderful.(2012年昆明市學(xué)業(yè)水平考試)( )41.A.makeB.useC.buy( )42.A.forB.byC.without( )43.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothing( )44.A.tenthB.tenC.twelve( )45.A.worriedB.happyC.tired( )46.A.bigB.colorfulC.empty( )47.A.soB.thatC.because( )48.A.whenB.afterC.later( )49.A.keepingB.growingC.watering( )50.A.seedsB.soilC.pots【例2】Differentthingsusuallystandfordifferentfeelings.Red,forexample,isthecoloroffire,heat,bloodandlife.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociate(使發(fā)生聯(lián)系)redwithastrongfeelinglike1.Redisusedforsignsof2,suchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.Orangeisthebright,warmcolorof3inautumn.Peoplesayorangeisa4color.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.Yellowisthecolorof__5__.Peoplesayitisacheerfulcolor.Theyassociateyellowtoo,withhappiness.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassin__6__.Peoplesayitisarefreshingcolor.Ingeneral,people__7__twogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsarered,orangeand__8__.Wheretherearewarmcolorandalotoflight,peopleusuallywanttobe__9__.Thosewholiketobewith__10_likered.Thecoolcolorsare__11_andblue.Wherearethesecolors,peopleareusuallyworried.Somescientistssaythattimeseemsto__12_moreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolors.Theysuggestthatawarmcolorisaforalivingroomora__14_.Peoplewhoarehavingarestorareeatingdonotcolorsarebetterforsomeofficesifthepeopleworkingtheregood__13_wanttimetopassquickly.__15wanttimetopassquickly.(( )2.A.roads B.waysC.grassD.mountains(( )5.A.moonlight7( )6.A.summerC.talkaboutD.tellforalivingroomora__14_.Peoplewhoarehavingarestorareeatingdonotcolorsarebetterforsomeofficesifthepeopleworkingtheregood__13_wanttimetopassquickly.__15wanttimetopassquickly.(( )2.A.roads B.waysC.grassD.mountains(( )5.A.moonlight7( )6.A.summerC.talkaboutD.tell)1.A.sadnessB.angerC.danger)4.A.livelyB.darkD.places(lightC.sunlightD.starsB.springC.autumnD.winter(( )8.A.greenB.yellowC.whiteadministrationD.smile)3.A.landB.leavesC.noisyD.frightening)7.A.speakB.saygray( )9.A.calmB.sleepyC.activeD.helpful()10.A.theotherB.anotherC.

calmB.sleepyC.activeD.helpful()10.A.theotherB.anotherC.otheroneD.others( )11.A.blackB.greenC.goldenD.yellow( )12.A.goroundB.gobyC.gooffD.goalong( )13.A.oneB.wayC.factD.matter( )14.A.factoryB.classroomC.restaurantD.hospital( )15.A.DifferentB.CoolC.WarmD.All8完形填空專題練習(xí)練習(xí)題(1) When IwasfifteenIwenttoasummercamp.Therewerelotsofgreat90buttherewasonethingIwasreallyscared(害怕)about:climbingthewall.Thewallisakindofrockthatpeopleusetolearnhowtoclimb.Itisverytall.Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall,butIknewIcouldn,tgettothetopbecauseIam91heights.IwasashamedandIdidn,twantanyonetoknowthatIwasscared.Ithoughttheywouldalllaughatme.Ipracticedmyexcuse:“I’mnotscared,youknow,Isufferfromvertigo(患眩暈癥).” Thedaycame.Itwastimetoclimbthewall.Thesunwasshiningbuteveryonewasveryquietthatmorning.Itookphotographsatthebottomofthewallandtriedto92.Everyoneinthegroupwentup.Thenthemomentcame.Itwasmyturn.IwassoscaredthatallIcouldthinkaboutwasmyexcuse.Someonesaid,“ShallItakeyourcamera?”andIanswered,“I'mnotscared,youknow.Isufferfromvertigo”.The93wasthatIwasmorethanscared,Iwasterrified(嚇壞了).Thecampleadersaid,“Don'tworry,youdon'thavetodoanythingyoudon'twanttodo."Iwassurprised.Everyonewasunderstanding.Noone94. Thenextday,theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewallonmyown,95theotherswatching.AlthoughIwasstillverynervousIagreedandclimbedslowlytothetopwithhishelp.IwasstillshakingwhenIcame96,butIwasreallyhappyandrelievedtoo.Forme,climbingthewallwasarealachievement.( )90.A.activitiesB.goodatC.afraidof(2008arealachievement.( )90.A.activitiesB.goodatC.afraidof(2008上operationsC.D.fondof(海中考試卷

accidentsD.exams(

)92.A.goB.hide完形填空))91.A.pooratappearD.run)94.A.jumpedB.cheeredC.smiledD.laughed(behind( )96.A.inB.out( )93.A.truthB.situationC.storyD.reason()94.A.jumpedB.cheeredC.smiledD.laughed(behind( )96.A.inB.out)95.A.withB.withoutC.amongD.C.upD.down練習(xí)題(2)Everydaycarskillorhurtmanypeopleonroads.Sometimesthedriversdrivetoofastordonot,drivecarefullyenough.Someofthem85thetrafficrulesandcauseaccidents.Accordingtosomeresearches,itisusuallythepedestrians(行人)whocausetheaccidents.Alotofroadusersareverycareless.Theywalkorrunacrosstheroads86thecars.Theywalkintheroadsbutnotonthewalkways.Theygetintooroutofcarsinthemiddleoftheroad.Somedonottakethetroubleto87thegreenlightsandsimplycrosstheroadsagainsttheredlights. Manypeoplethinkaccidentsoftenhappeninbusyroadsinlargecities,butthisisnotalways true.88,Tokyoisoneoftheworld,slargestcitiesandprobablyoneofthebusiestcities;however,thereare89accidentstopedestrians.Thereasonisthatthepolicethereareverystrictandthepedestriansareverycareful.Pedestriansnevercrossagainstaredlightandthey90follow9trafficrules.Doyouknowalcohol(酒精)isanothermaincauseoftrafficaccidents?Itdelayspeople'sresponse.Thosewhohavedrunkalcoholare91inmakingdecisions.Theyneedafewmoresecondstoreact(反應(yīng)).Alcoholdrinkingisespeciallydangerousformotorcardrivers.Itisnotonlydriverswhomayhaveaccidentsafterdrinking.Drunkenpedestriansmayputtheirlivesindangeraswell.(2010上海中考試卷完形填空)( )85.A.makeB.breakC.followD.remember( )86.A.attheendofB.inthecentreofC.ontopof D.infrontof( )87.A.turnon B.worryaboutC.waitfor D.pointout( )88.A.Inaddition B.ForexampleC.BythewayD.Ontheotherhand( )89.A.fewB.manyC.enoughD.some( )90.A.evenB.neverC.almostD.always( )91.A.slowB.activeC.interestedD.excited練習(xí)題(3) Cartoonfilmshaveveryfewlimits(限制).Ifyoucandrawsomething,youcanmakeitonthecinemascreen.Theuseofnewideasandmoderncomputerprogramsmeansthatcartoonsarebecomingexcitingagainforpeopleof2ages.By1970,thecinemaworldhaddecidedthatcartoonswere3forchildren.Butsoonafterthat,oneortwofilmmakershadsomenewideas.Theyprovedthatitwas4tomakefilmsinwhichbothgrown-upsandchildrencouldenjoythem.However,5cartoonfilmwassuccessful.TheBlackCauldron,forexample,failed,mainlybecauseitwastoo6forchildrenandtoochildishforgrown-ups.Filmmakerslearntfromthismistake,andthencartoonswerewelcomedbybothchildrenandgrown-upsand7thefilmcompaniesbegantomakelargeamountsofmoney.( )1.A.arriveB.stayC.standD.move( )2.A.someB.eitherC.allD.both( )3.A.neverB.onlyC.stillD.already( )4.A.possibleB.difficultC.completeD.interesting( )5.A.noteveryB.noneoftheC.eachD.neitherofthe( )6.A.interestingB.popularC.relaxingD.frightening( )7.A.onceB.howeverC.againD.also練習(xí)題(4) ThenameofDanielWilliamshasbeenknowntotheblackpeopleintheUnitedStatesformanyyears.Hebecamea1inChicagoin1883.Aftergraduating,hetaughtatNorthwesternUniversity,smedicalschool.HewasaskedbythepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GroverCleveland,togotoWashington,D.C.,toheadtheFreedmen,sHospital.Itwasoneofthefewhospitalsforblacksinthecountry2.HewentbacktoChicagotohelptosetupProvidentHospital.3itopened,Chicago's10blackdoctorscouldnotpracticeinhospitals.Theyhadtotreatpatients4,sooperationswereperformedonbedsandkitchentables.Dr.WilliamsalsohelpedtosetupatrainingschoolinChicagoforblacknurses.In1893heoperatedonamanwhowasdyingfromastabwoundintheheart.Suchawoundhadalways5death.ButDr.Williamstriedtosavetheman.6X-rayorbloodtransfusions輸血),heopenedtheman'schestandsewedup(修補(bǔ))hisheart.Everythingwentonwellwiththebold(大膽的)operation.Theman7.( )1.headmasterB.managerC.doctorD.nurse( )2.A.atthattimeB.inthepastC.amomentagoD.justthen( )3.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhenD.Assoonas( )4.A.intheofficeB.intheschoolC.intheuniversityD.athome( )5.A.shownB.explainedC.meantD.described( )6.A.AccordingtoInsteadofC.BecauseofD.Without( )7.A.diedB.livedC.becamestrongD.gotbadlyhurt練習(xí)題(5)EveryyearstudentsinmanycountrieslearnEnglish.Someofthesestudentsarechildren,__1__studentsareyoungpeople.Whydoallthesepeoplewanttolearn__2__?Itisnot__3__toanswerthisquestion.ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglishatschool.Itisoneoftheir__4__.ManypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis__5__intheirwork.SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglish__6__theirhigherstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare__7__English.OtherpeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto__8__newspapersinEnglish.SomepeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto__9__intheUSA,EnglandorAustralia.Englishisvery__10__inourlife(生活).( )1.A.allB.theotherC.bothD.other( )2.A.EnglishB.ChineseC.mathsD.Japanese( )3.A.hardB.easygoodD.nice( )4.A.booksB.classesC.schoolsD.subjects(科目))5.A.goodB.useful(有用的)C.fineD.pleased( )6.A.forB.ofC.toD.from( )7.A.inB.withC.atD.of( )8.A.lookB.seeC.lookatD.read( )9.A.goB.workC.likeD.come( )10.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.helpful練習(xí)題(6)Once,akingshowedtwomenalargebasketinthegarden.Hetoldthemtofillitwithwaterfromawell.Afterthey__1__theirwork,heleftthem,saying,“Whenthesunisdown,Iwillcomeandseeyourwork.”Atlastoneofthemsaid,“What’stheuseofdoingthisfoolishwork?Wecan__2__fillthebasket.”__3__mananswered,“Thatisnoneofyourbusiness.”Thefirstmansaid.“Youmaydoas11youlike,butIamnotgoingtoworkat__4__sofoolish.”He__5__hisbucketandwentaway.Theothermansaidnoword,andkeptoncarrying__6__.Atlastthewellwasalmost__7__.Ashepouredthelastbucketofwaterintothebasket,hesawabrightthinginit.Hepickeditup.Itwasabeautifulgoldring.Justthenthekingcame.__8__hesawthering,heknewthathehadfoundthekindofmanhewanted.Hetoldhimtokeeptheringforhimself.“You__9__sowellinthislittlething,”hesaid,“__10__nowIknowIcanbelieveyouwithmanythings.”( )1.A.finishedB.didC.beganD.had( )2.A.everB.neverC.easilyD.no( )3.A.TheotherB.AnotherC.OneD.Asecond( )4.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything( )5.A.pickedupB.putawayC.tookawayD.threwaway( )6.A.waterB.basketC.wellD.work( )7.A.fullB.emptyC.filledD.clean( )8.A.WhileB.AssoonasC.BeforeD.Since( )9.A.havedoneB.willdoC.doD.aredoing( )10.A.whatB.whyC.whenD.that練習(xí)題(7)Someonesays,“Timeismoney.”ButIthinktimeis__1__importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecangetitback.However,whentimeis2it,llnever3.That,s4wemustn,twastetime.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe5isusuallylimited.Evenasecondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodo 6__ useful.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowtheimportanceoftime.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmoking,drinkingand__7.Theydonotknowthatwastingtimemeanswastingpartoftheirown__8 .Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn/t9today/sworkfortomorrow.Rememberwehavenotimeto10.( )1.A.muchB.lessC.muchlessD.evenmo