Unit2Grammar動詞ing形式用法歸納

Grammar:動詞－ing形式用法歸納I例如：Seeingisbelieving.Isuggestedaskinghisbrotherforsomemoney.It’suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.Myjobisteaching.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.※動詞的-ing形式，可以在句子中作主語﹑賓語和表語﹑定語和賓語補足語動詞的-ing形式還可以在句子中做狀語Whilewalkingslowlyonthestreet,Tommetoneofhisoldfriends.Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingherwiththreechildrentolookafter.Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.Beingsick,Istayedathome.Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.注:分詞與主句主語是主謂關系;副詞放在分詞之前Butlater,peopledevelopedawayofprinting,usingrocks.Turningtotherightatthecrossing,youwillseethePostOfficerightbeforeyou.Beingpoor,theoldmanwashappy.1)時間狀語2).結(jié)果狀語3).伴隨狀語或方式狀語4).原因狀語5）作讓步狀語6)作條件狀語Theplaneleavesatsix,arrivinginChicagoatten.(=…andwillarriveinChicago.)7)作補充說明注意：with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)Thepolicemenmadetheirwayintotheforestwithahunter______(lead)theway.Withhishand____(tie)up,hesatthere.Withhiseyes_____(fix)onthewall,Tomlayonthefloor.Withalotofhomework___(do),Jimcan’tgooutwithhisfriends.2.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Ifweatherpermits,wewillgooutforapicnictomorrow.=Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforapicnictomorrow.Thereisnobodyintheroom.Comeinandhaveachat.=Therebeingnobodyintheroom,comein…Eg.Thebabyfellfromthetree,blood____(come)downfromhisleg.為了強調(diào)與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，在動詞的-ing之前可用when或while；為強調(diào)在謂語動詞之前或之后發(fā)生，在動詞的-ing之前可用before或after.Eg.Don’tlaugh,whileeating.Beforegoingabroad,hestudiedinPekingUniversity.AfterwatchingTV,hewenttobed.4.在動詞的-ing之前可用on或upon,表示”一….就…”.Eg.On/UponarrivinginBejing,hewenttoseehisuncle.為了強調(diào)結(jié)果,可在動詞的-ing之前用thus.Eg.MyfriendLucyworkshard,thusgettingpraisedbyherboss.6.在動詞的-ing之前可用though或although,Eg.Thoughworkinghard,hecouldn’tmakeenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebts.II.-ing各種變化形式(doing/beingdone/havingdone/havingbeendone)動詞－ing形式的一般式表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生﹑幾乎同時發(fā)生或在謂語動詞前發(fā)生。Workinghard,youwillsucceedintheexperiment.Walkingdownthevalley,theycameacrossabigcave.Hearingthenews,sheburstintotears.2)動詞－ing形式的完成式havingdone表示動作先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生。Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.動詞－ing形式的被動式beingdone表示這個被動動作正在進行，或是與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生Beingrepaired,thecarcan’tbeused.動詞－ing形式的完成式的被動havingbeendone表示這個被動動作發(fā)生于謂語之前Havingbeenshownthelab,thevisitorlookedaroundthestadium.=Shownthelab,thevisitorlookedaroundthestadium.可以被過去分詞代替Thisisoneoftheexperiments__________(carry)oninourlab.Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwillbecompletedinthethreemonths.但是，havingbeendone在句中只作狀語，不作定語Thebridge___(build)wellisverybeautiful.III.鞏固練習Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered__________attheparty,butnot_______.A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleave解析:C.句意為：當被警察詢問時，他說他記得宴會時的情景，卻想不起離開時的情景。remember后面跟動名詞作賓語，表示“對過去做過的事情還記得”；后接不定式作賓語，表示“記著去做某事”，動作尚未發(fā)生。Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise___________.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon解析:C.句意為：有那么大的吵鬧聲，我做不了作業(yè)。withallthatnoisegoingon是一個獨立主格形式，goon與noise是主動關系，在句中作原因狀語。Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_______arecordUS$abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching解析:B.句意為：石油價格自從去年初已增長32%，在4月4日已創(chuàng)下每桶美元的記錄。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞表示石油價格增長的結(jié)果。havingreached是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，表示發(fā)生在石油價格增長之前，顯然不對；toreach在句中要么作目的狀語，要么與only連用作結(jié)果狀語，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。Heglancedoverather,__________thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.noticingB.noticedC.tonoticeD.havingnoticed解析:A.句意為：他大量了一下她，注意到雖然她長得小，但似乎體型非常好。注意空格處不是謂語，所以不要選B項，因為并列謂語要用glancedoveratherandnoticed…。此處應該是結(jié)果狀語，C項表示目的；D項是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，所以也不正確。Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest________inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed解析:C.句意為：我今天給你送來100美元，其余的明年給你。therest…不是一個分詞，而是獨立主格形式作說明性狀語。其形式是：名詞+不定式。不定式在此處表示"將來"的時間概念。Whilewatchingtelevision,_______________.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings解析:C.句意為：在看電視時，我們聽到門鈴響了。Whilewatching…是時間狀語，分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語一定是句子的主語，即we。"Youcan'tcatchme!"Janetshouted,__________away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran解析:B.句意為：“你逮不著我！”Janet大喊著，跑遠了。應該用現(xiàn)在分詞running作伴隨狀語，與主語Janet是主謂關系。Thestormleft,__________alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused解析:D.句意為：暴風雨走了，給這一帶地區(qū)造成了巨大損失。此句應該用現(xiàn)在分詞短語的完成形式表示結(jié)果。選項B和C是不定式，往往作目的狀語。Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'trisk__________thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost解析:B.句意為：他為這個就業(yè)面試做了充分的準備，以為他不能冒險失去這個好機會。risk后面接動名詞作賓語，意為“冒險做某事”。Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust________alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have解析:B.句意為：另人難以置信的是，球迷們在體育館外面等了三小時僅僅是為了看一看這些體育明星。justtohavealookat…是不定式作目的狀語。___________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout解析:A.句意為：要了解更多的大學課程，撥打(920)746-3789。Tofindoutmore…是目的狀語。_________in1963,and_______inPhiladelphia,CharlesPettigrewsoimpressedhisteachersthathewassenttoBarkleeSchooltostudyJazz.A.Beingborn;havingraisedB.Born;raisedC.Wasborn;wasraisedD.Born;raising解析:B.born和raise（養(yǎng)育）都與CharlesPettigrew是被動關系，所以都要用過去分詞形式作時間狀語。句意為：CharlesPettigrew于1963年出生，在費城長大，給老師留下了那樣的印象以致于他們把他送到Barklee學校學習爵士樂。–HaveyouseenMrYetoday?-No,heissaid_______Wuhanonbusiness.A.togotoB.tohavebeentoC.tohavegonetoD.tohasgoneto解析:C.此句的意思是“據(jù)說他去武漢做生意了”。havebeento表示“去過某處”；havegoneto表示“去了某處”。Ifeelitgreathonor________togiveaspeechtoyou.A.invitedB.toinviteC.havinginvitedD.tohavebeeninvited解析:D.句意為：我覺得受到邀請給你們講話是意見榮幸的事。tohavebeeninvited是真正的賓語，此處要用被動形式。Whodidtheteacherhave________anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.towrite解析:C.句意為：老師剛才叫誰為墻報寫文章了？此句考查的句式是：havesb.dosth.–Manager,doyouhavesomething_______atthismorning?-No,thanks.I'llcallyouifany.A.tobetypedB.totypeC.typingD.typed解析:A.此題考查動詞不定式作定語。根據(jù)答語可知，該不定式動作不是由主語"you"發(fā)出的動作，所以要用不定式的被動形式作定語。Atelevisionprogramme_________"Kim'llfixit"invitesviewerstosaywhattheyreallywanttodo.A.beingcalledB.havingcalledC.callingD.called解析:D.此題考查分詞作定語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，空格處應是定語，修飾前面的programme，表達被動關系。A項雖是被動關系，但它表示"進行"，B項和C項表"主動"。句意為：一個叫做"Kim'llfixit"的電視節(jié)目邀請觀眾說出他們真正想做的事情。Afewdaysaftertheinterview,Ireceivedaletter_______methejob.A.offeredB.offersC.offeringD.tobeoffered解析:C.offering是現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語修飾前面的letter，與letter是主動關系，由于信的內(nèi)容是“提供工作”，所以offering也表示“進行”。句意為：面試幾天后，我收到了一封向我提供一份工作的信。Everygreatcultureinthepasthaditsownideasofbeauty_________inartandarchitecture.A.expressedB.toexpressC.expressD.expressing解析:A.express用過去分詞形式作賓補，表示與beauty是被動關系，這是一個havesth.done句式，意為“使某事被做”。句意為：每一種過去的偉大的文化都會使它的美的觀念在藝術(shù)和建筑中得到表達。_________moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownb