《定語(yǔ)從句》復(fù)習(xí)課王丹虹

PeriodTwelveAttributiveClauseTeachinggoals教學(xué)目標(biāo)ReviewtheusageofattributiveclauseTeachingimportant&difficultpoints教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)HowtomastertheusageofattributiveclauseTeachingmethods教學(xué)方法ExplanationandpracticeTeachingaids教具準(zhǔn)備Multi-mediacomputerTeachingprocedures&ways教學(xué)過程與方式StepIExplanation一、定義（使用PPT投影功能、批注功能）定語(yǔ)從句起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定語(yǔ)Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因狀語(yǔ)Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichas與which的區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：類別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.二、考點(diǎn)聚焦（使用PPT投影功能、批注功能）1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)2、位置：定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.3、先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-,any-,every-和no與-boy,-thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn)：①先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit（them）inChina.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose,as。關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?、在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí)②序數(shù)詞③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修飾時(shí)。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?7、宜用which而不用that的情況（1）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中（2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)（4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞（1）當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被who取代。9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如：DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。（1）先行詞被such和thesame修飾，或句型asmany（much）中，從句都用as引導(dǎo)。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.注意：區(qū)別①such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch②thesame…that…引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.（2）無(wú)先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：①意義上：as含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上：as從句可置句首，也可在另處。Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、thatwhen指時(shí)間=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地點(diǎn)=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因=forwhich當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場(chǎng)合）Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.12、必須注意的問題（1）關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)。（2）注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。①定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。③強(qiáng)調(diào)itis/was和that/who后如句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定語(yǔ)從句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）（3）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。①定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略。②同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位語(yǔ))Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定語(yǔ))（4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。①關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。②關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。（5）限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。（6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。（7）幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.（句中one為先行詞）Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.（句中students為先行詞）②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.三、精典名題導(dǎo)解（使用PPT投影功能、批注功能）1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞thehours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語(yǔ)tome所分隔。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours,并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。2.______isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句。as作“正如……”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用于下列短語(yǔ)：asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語(yǔ)thesmalltown,且關(guān)系詞不作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)而作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此定語(yǔ)從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，然后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。StepII.Practice定語(yǔ)從句基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題（使用試題推送功能、書寫功能）一．用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_________welivedtogether.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_________wespenttogether2.Canyoustillthinkofthevillage_________heonceworked?Canyoustillthinkofthevillage_________heoncevisited?3._______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearth._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearth.4.Ihaveborrowedmanybooks,manyof_______areaboutmusic.Ihaveborrowedmanybooks,andmanyof_______areaboutmusic5.Thereare50studentsintheirclass,mostof________arefromTonglu.Thereare50studentsintheirclass,andmostof________arefromTonglu二．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?5.Mandelawastheblacklawyer______whomIwentforadvice.6.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,_______whichIwasgrateful.7.Thepartsoftown________whichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.8.Itwasaprison________whichnooneescaped.9.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_________whommuchcanbelearned.10.Chapin,_______whommoneywasnownoproblem,startanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.三．單項(xiàng)選擇1.Theprettylady_________youtoldmetheotherdayturnedouttobeathief.A.whoB.whomC.aboutwhomD.withwhom2.Isthisthefactory______yourfatherusedtoworkmanyyearsago?A.theplaceB.whichC.inwhichD.theoneinwhich3.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisabigappletree？A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhereD.infrontofwhich4.Theperson____myfatherspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom5.Thereason______shedidn’tcometoTom’sbirthdayisthathermotherwon’tlether.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.forwhat定語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題（使用試題推送功能，同時(shí)使用挑人功能，抽取學(xué)生完成相關(guān)練習(xí)）1.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_____madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that2.Finallytheyarrivedataplace_______soldcigarettesandothersmallarticles.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.what3.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhich B.afterthat C.afterwhich D.fromthis4.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where5.—Mom,whatdidthedoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolive______theairisfresher.A.inwhere B.inwhich C.theplacewhere D.Where定語(yǔ)從句高考題（使用試題推送功能，同時(shí)使用統(tǒng)計(jì)功能，查看學(xué)生完成情況）1.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appeared