大學英語四級真題試卷第套

2017年6月大學英語四級真題及答案(三)PartIWriting(30minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內(nèi)完成該部分，此后將進行聽力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellsomeofthecoursebooksyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeabriefdescriptionoftheircontent,theircondition,theirpriceandyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartII

ListeningComprehension

(25minutes)說明：2017年

6月大學英語四級考試全國共考了兩套聽力

.本套的聽力內(nèi)容與第二套同樣，所以本套聽力部分不再重復給出。Part

Ⅲ

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercisecanexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffeecanstimulatethemagain.During(26)_______exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrunoutoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Muscleperformancecanalsobeaffectedbya(27)_______called"centralfatigue,”inthewhichanimbody’schemicalmessengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements28)_______.Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffectmotorsystemsnotdirectly(29)_______intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethatmovetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate(碳水化合物的）(30)_______eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine(咖啡因)，whichisknowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo(欣慰劑）without,during3hoursof(31)_______.Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswitheye-trackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill(32)_______theirvisualsystem.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsbyabout8%,(33)_______theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was(34)_______toreversethiseffect,withsomecyclistsevendisplaying(35)_______eyemovementspeeds.Soitmightbeagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡

2上作答。A)cautiouslyE)effectivelyI)phenomenonM)solution

B)commitF)increasedJ)preventingN)sufficient

C)controlG)involvedK)sensitiveO)vigorous

D)cyclingH)limitedL)slowingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Teamspirit[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“playersteam”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon(開始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy(等級體系).Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility(靈便性).JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions(過渡)，notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”somakesDigitaltechnologiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.Themillennials“”千(禧一代)whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality(專業(yè))andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“TeamofTeams'GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy’shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtheinsurgentsitwasfighting:decentraliseauthoritytoself-organisingteams.Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,‘Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon’tcountonit.”Hackman(whodiedin2013)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyersforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam’smembership,agreeingurposeisonharderitspstill.Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:AmericaNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurandthenquicklydisbandthem.Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism(感情用事)：themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeAmazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.immunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontaindeviants“”離(經(jīng)叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorewhereandhowtheydotheirwork―whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction―employeescomplainthattheycan’tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchmeetingstimeorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies.42.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteamrpose.’sSomescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders.Toensureemployees’commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork.45.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidlratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrombillionin2011to￡billionin2015,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto￡billionin2016.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom￡43in2014to￡41in2015.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper—includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll―tosavemoney.“，softnessStrengthandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsofperfume,saidMintelanalystJackDuckett.''Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer.”Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy―intheoryatwhenleastit—comestopaperquality.TopofBritons’toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersrandtoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause_____.BritonshavecuttheirspendingonititspriceshavegoneupovertheyearsitsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovementBritonshavedevelopedthehabitofsavingWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?Itwillexpendintime.Itwillremaingloomy.Itwillexperienceupsanddowns.Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper?Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales.Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands.Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice.Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoilerpapertoprotecttheenvironment.Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproductquality.EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger，”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomly(隨機地）assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古?。﹑atchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.retraining“Iforyouamarathon,’youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘Well，ifIgraduallyreduce,it’selike，’”practicsaysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings(癮）andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quittimoreeffective,”saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’scompgivesllingthem.Ittheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit，’’Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。51.WhatdoesLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?A)Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter’shelp.Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly.Shewasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealth.D)Shestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokers.kindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley’sstudy?Theyweregivenphysicaltraining.Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians.Theywereencouragedbypsychologists.Theywereofferednicotinereplacements.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindsonHawley-’sexperiment?Itisidealized.Itisunexpected.Itisencouraging.Itismisleading.Theideaof“amarathon（Line”2,Para.5)illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmokingissomethingfewcanaccomplishneedssomepracticefirstrequiresalotofpatienceisachallengeatthebeginningWhathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually?Theyfinditevenmoredifficult.Theyaresimplyunabletomakeit.Theyshowfewerwithdrawalsymptoms.Theyfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黃河是亞洲第三、世界第六長的河流?！包S”這個字描述的是其河水污濁的顏色。黃河起源于青海，流經(jīng)九個省份，最后注入渤海。黃河是中國賴以生計的幾條河流之一。黃河流域(riverbasin)是中國古代文明的出生地，也是中國初期歷史上最繁榮的地區(qū)?？墒?，因為極具破壞力的洪水頻發(fā)，黃河曾造成多次災禍。在過去幾十年里，政府采納了各種舉措防備災禍發(fā)生。注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。參照答案26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950OIEGMDCJNFHDBJGAFEICABCAD5152535455BDCBA翻譯第三套答案：黃河是亞洲第三、世界第六長的河流?！包S”這個字描述的是其河水污濁的顏色。黃河起源于青海，流經(jīng)九個省份，最后注入渤海。黃河是中國賴以生計的幾條河流之一。黃河流域（riverbasin）是中國古代文明的出生地，也是中國初期歷史上最繁榮的地