外貿(mào)函電 保險(xiǎn) Insurance

1Unit9

Insurance9.1IntroductionofInsurance9.1.1ThePartiesofInsurance9.1.2Risks,LossesandExpenses9.1.3OceanMarineInsuranceUnderC.I.C.9.1.4InsuranceDocuments9.2SpecimenLettersofInsurance保險(xiǎn)的種類2-財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)-責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)-信用保險(xiǎn)-人身保險(xiǎn)進(jìn)出口貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)谋ｋU(xiǎn)實(shí)務(wù)●選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)谋ｋU(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別一般應(yīng)考慮以下因素：1、貨物的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)2、貨物的包裝3、貨運(yùn)航線、?？扛劭诩把b卸貨的損耗情況4、運(yùn)輸季節(jié)、氣候及安全因素5、貨物的殘存規(guī)律49.1IntroductionofInsurance9.1.1ThePartiesofInsurance被保險(xiǎn)人theinsured/投保人applicant保險(xiǎn)人Insurer/承保人underwriterInsuredamount保險(xiǎn)金額（Insurance）premium：保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)premiumrate保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率

貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)保障的范圍風(fēng)險(xiǎn)損失費(fèi)用69.1.2Risks,LossesandExpenses

CoverageofInsuranceLossesRisksExpensesinsurancecoverage;riskscovered保險(xiǎn)范圍海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)PerilsoftheSea外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)ExtraneousRisks自然災(zāi)害NaturalCalamity意外事故Fortuitousaccidents一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)GeneralExtraneousRisks特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)SpecialExtraneous風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Risks8LossesActualTotalLossConstructiveTotalLossParticularAverageGeneralAverageLosses

TotalLossPartialLoss二、損失Losses損失Losses海上損失PerilsoftheSea其他損失全部損失TotalLoss實(shí)際全損ActualTotalLoss推定全損ConstructiveTotalLoss部分損失PartialLoss共同海損GeneralAverage單獨(dú)海損ParticularAverage一般外來損失特殊外來損失101.TotalLoss(1)Actualtotalloss(實(shí)際全損)Theactualtotallossoccurswheretheinsuredgoodshavebeentotallylostordamaged,orfoundtobetotallyvaluelessonarrival.(2)Constructivetotalloss(推定全損)Constructivetotallossisfoundinthecasewhereanactualtotallossappearstobeunavoidableorthecosttobeincurredinrecoveringorreconditioningthegoodstogetherwiththeforwardingcosttothedestinationnamedinthepolicywouldexceedtheirvalueonarrival.（一）全部損失：TotalLoss一張保險(xiǎn)單下包括多張?zhí)釂蔚呢浳?，其中一張或幾張?zhí)釂呜浳锏耐耆珳缡б粡埍嗡Ｘ浳锏耐耆珦p失一條駁船所載貨物的完全損失裝卸過程中一個(gè)整件貨物的完全損失1、實(shí)際全損ActualTotalLoss被保險(xiǎn)貨物的實(shí)體已經(jīng)完全滅失被保險(xiǎn)貨物遭到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，已喪失了原有的用途和價(jià)值被保險(xiǎn)人對保險(xiǎn)貨物的所有權(quán)已無可挽回地被完全剝奪載貨船舶失蹤，達(dá)到一定時(shí)期仍無音訊2、推定全損ConstructiveTotalLoss1、保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的損失嚴(yán)重，構(gòu)成實(shí)際損失已無法避免。2、為了防止保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的實(shí)際全損而需要支付的費(fèi)用將超過保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的價(jià)值。3、被保險(xiǎn)貨物受損后，修復(fù)費(fèi)用、整理費(fèi)用以及續(xù)運(yùn)到目的地的費(fèi)用，將超過其到達(dá)目的地的價(jià)值。4、保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的遭受保險(xiǎn)事故，使被保險(xiǎn)人喪失了對其享有權(quán)，而收回該所有權(quán)所需費(fèi)用，將超過保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的價(jià)值。142.PartialLossPartiallossreferstothelossofpartofaconsignment.Accordingtodifferentcauses,partiallosscanbefurtherdividedinto:generalaverage（共同海損）and;particularaverage（單獨(dú)海損）.共同海損與單獨(dú)海損的區(qū)別比較項(xiàng)目單獨(dú)海損損失的內(nèi)容致?lián)p原因損失的承擔(dān)者共同海損受損者自己承擔(dān)除保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的外，還包括支出的特殊費(fèi)用受益各方根據(jù)獲救利益的大小按比例分?jǐn)偙ｋU(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物為解除或減輕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，人為地有意識地造成由所承保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)直接導(dǎo)致船、貨受損16ExpensesExpensesSueandLaborexpensesSalvagecharges三、費(fèi)用Expenses1、施救費(fèi)用SueandLaborExpenses2、救助費(fèi)用SalvageExpenses3、特別費(fèi)用SpecialExpenses

運(yùn)輸工具遭受海難后在避難港卸貨所引起的損失，以及由于卸貨、存?zhèn)}、運(yùn)送貨物所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。4、額外費(fèi)用

為了證明損失、索賠成立而支付的費(fèi)用。18

1.SueandlaborexpensesTheseexpensesaretheexpensesarisingfrommeasuresproperlytakenbytheinsured,theemployeeandtheassignee,etc.forminimizingoravoidinglossescausedbytheriskscoveredintheinsurancepolicy.Theinsurerisheldresponsibletocompensateforsuchexpenses.2.SalvagechargesSalvagechargesareexpensesresultingfrommeasuresproperlytakenbyathirdpartyotherthantheinsured,theemployeeandtheassignee,etc.199.1.3OceanMarineInsuranceUnderC.I.C.ChinaInsuranceClause(CIC):中國保險(xiǎn)條款TherearethreekindsofbasicrisksunderOceanMarineCargoClauses（海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款）:

BasicRisksF.P.A.(FreefromParticularAverage)平安險(xiǎn);W.P.A.(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage)水漬險(xiǎn);AllRisks一切險(xiǎn).Additionalrisks:GeneralAdditionalRisks一般附加險(xiǎn)SpecialAdditionalRisks特別附加險(xiǎn)基本險(xiǎn)別BasicCoverage附加險(xiǎn)別AdditionalCoverage一切險(xiǎn)（AR）平安險(xiǎn)（FPA）

水漬險(xiǎn)（WPA/WA）一般附加險(xiǎn)GeneralAdditionalCoverage特殊附加險(xiǎn)SpecialAdditionalCoverage

平安險(xiǎn)(F.P.A.):FreefromParticularAverage是海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)中責(zé)任最小的一種險(xiǎn)別，一般適用大宗、低值、粗糙，無包裝的貨物，如廢鐵、木材、礦砂等的海上運(yùn)輸。水漬險(xiǎn)(WPA)WithParticularAverage保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任排除了貨物的銹損、碰損、破碎及散裝貨物的部分損失。它一般適用于不易損壞或不因生銹而影響使用的貨物，如五金材料，舊的汽車、機(jī)械、機(jī)床、散裝金屬原料等。水漬險(xiǎn)=平安險(xiǎn)+自然災(zāi)害引起的部分損失一切險(xiǎn)(AR):AllRisks承保范圍最廣泛，因而適宜于價(jià)值高、可遭受損失因素較多的貨物投保。一切險(xiǎn)=水漬險(xiǎn)+一般外來原因造成的損失（一般附加險(xiǎn)）二、附加險(xiǎn)AdditionalCoverage不能單獨(dú)投保，只能在投保了基本險(xiǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上加保。（一）一般附加險(xiǎn)GeneralAdditionalCoverage（二）特殊附加險(xiǎn)SpecialAdditionalCoverage25一般附加險(xiǎn)（GeneralAdditionalRisks）

1.Theft,PilferageandNon-delivery(TPND)偷竊、提貨不著險(xiǎn)2.FreshwaterandRainDamage淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)3.RiskofShortage短量險(xiǎn)4.RiskofIntermixtureandContamination混雜、玷污險(xiǎn)5.RiskofLeakage滲漏險(xiǎn)6.RiskofClashingandBreakage碰損破碎險(xiǎn)7.RiskofOdor串味險(xiǎn)8.DamageCausedbySweatingandHeating受潮、受熱險(xiǎn)9.Hookdamage鉤損險(xiǎn)10.Lossand/orDamageCausedbyBreakageofPacking包裝破裂險(xiǎn)11.RiskofRusting銹損險(xiǎn)26特別附加險(xiǎn)（SpecialAdditionalRisks）1.FailuretoDeliverRisk交貨不到險(xiǎn)2.ImportDutyRisk進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn)3.OnDeckRisk艙面險(xiǎn)4.RejectionRisk拒收險(xiǎn)5.AflatoxinRisk黃曲霉素險(xiǎn)6.WarRisk戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)7.StrikeRisk罷工險(xiǎn)8.FireRiskExtensionClauseforStorageofCargoatDestinationHongKong,IncludingKowloon,orMacau出口貨物到香港（包括九龍?jiān)趦?nèi)）或澳門存?zhèn)}火險(xiǎn)責(zé)任擴(kuò)展條款279.1.4InsuranceDocumentsInsurancepolicy保險(xiǎn)單/大保單Insurancecertificate保險(xiǎn)憑證Combinedcertificate聯(lián)合憑證Openpolicy預(yù)約保單Endorsement批單

28

Examplesofinsuranceclausesinthesalescontract1.ExceptincaseswheretheinsuranceiscoveredbytheBuyersasarranged,insuranceistobecoveredbytheSellerswithaChineseinsurancecompany.Ifinsuranceforadditionalamountand/orforotherinsurancetermsisrequiredbytheBuyers,priornoticetothiseffectmustreachtheSellersbeforeshipmentandissubjecttotheSellers’agreement,andtheextrainsurancepremiumshallbefortheBuyers’account.

292、Insurance:TobecoveredbytheSelleragainst….(risk)accordingtoOceanMarineCargoClausesofthePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChinadatedJanuary1,1981.3、Asourusualpractice,insurancecoversbasicrisksonly,at110percentoftheinvoicevalue.Ifcoverageagainstotherrisksisrequired,suchasbreakage,leakage,TPND,hookandcontaminationdamages,theextrapremiuminvolvedwouldbeforthebuyer’saccount.

Theft,PilferageandNon-delivery(TPND)偷竊、提貨不著險(xiǎn)

簽定國際貨物買賣合同中的保險(xiǎn)條款應(yīng)注意的問題：1、應(yīng)明確按什么保險(xiǎn)條款進(jìn)行投保2、應(yīng)明確不同保險(xiǎn)條款的生效日期3、應(yīng)明確投保險(xiǎn)別4、應(yīng)明確何方負(fù)責(zé)投保5、應(yīng)明確投保加成率6、如加保戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)，應(yīng)明確“若發(fā)生有關(guān)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率調(diào)整，所增加的保費(fèi)由買方負(fù)擔(dān)”［相關(guān)專業(yè)詞匯］Insured被保險(xiǎn)人StrikeRisk罷工險(xiǎn)Underwriter保險(xiǎn)人WarehousetoWarehouseClause倉至倉條款TotalLoss全部損失OverlandTransportationRisks陸運(yùn)險(xiǎn)PartialLoss部分損失OverlandTransportationAllRisks陸運(yùn)一切險(xiǎn)ParticularAverage單獨(dú)海損InsuredAmount保險(xiǎn)金額GeneralAverage共同海損InsurancePremium保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)FreefromParticularAverage，F(xiàn)PA平安險(xiǎn)

InsurancePolicy保險(xiǎn)單WithParticularAverage，WPA水漬險(xiǎn)InsuranceCertificate保險(xiǎn)憑證AllRisks，A.R.一切險(xiǎn)CombinedCertificate聯(lián)合憑證GeneralAdditionalRisk一般附加險(xiǎn)InsuranceCargoClause,ICC協(xié)會貨物條款SpecialAdditionalRisk特殊附加險(xiǎn)WarRisk戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)32SpecimenLetter：Insurance

DearSirs

ThankyouforyourletterofJune28,inwhichyouinquiredabouttheinsuranceofyourOrderNo.447.Generallyspeaking,ifgoodsaresoldonCIFbasis,asitisinyourcase,weinsuregoodsagainstAllRisksfor110%oftheinvoicevalue.Shouldthebuyerrequirebroadercoverage,theextrapremiumisforbuyer’saccount.

33WewouldliketoinformyouthattherearethreekindsofbasicinsurancecoverageundertheOceanMarineCargoClausesofthePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChinadatedJanuary1,1981:F.P.A.(FreefromParticularAverage),WAorW.P.A.(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage),andA/R(AllRisks).A/Risthebroadestformofcoverage.34Theinsuranceterminateswhenthegoodsreachtheconsignee’swarehouseatthedestinationnamedinthepolicy.Itislimited,however,tosixtydaysaftercompletionofdischargeoftheinsuredgoodsfromtheseagoingvesselatthefinalportofdischargeiftheydon’treachtheabove-mentionedwarehouseorplaceofstorage.PICCenjoyshighreputationinsettlingclaimspromptlyandequitably.Ithasagentsinalmostallmajorcitiesandportsallovertheworldtohandleclaims.35Itwillbeveryconvenienttofileclaimsforthelossofordamagetothegoodswiththeinsuranceagentatyourend.Incaseoftheclaim,theinsuredisrequiredtosubmitthefollowingdocuments:*OriginalPolicyorCertificateofInsurance*OriginalorcopyofB/L*PackingListandInvoice*CertificateofLoss/Damage,orShort-landed（短卸)Memo,andSurveyReport*StatementofClaims36PleasefeelfreetocontactusagainifyouhaveanyfurtherquestionsoryoumaycontacttheagentofPICCatyourendat…(phonenumber,followedbytheaddress).Yoursfaithfully37Explanation：A.Generallyspeaking,ifgoodsaresoldonCIFbasis,asitisinyourcase,weinsuregoodsagainstAllRisksfor110%oftheinvoicevalue.1.insure：vt.保險(xiǎn)，投保投保，辦理保險(xiǎn)CoverinsuranceEffectinsuranceArrangeinsuranceProvideinsuranceTakeoutinsurance38

insurance后介詞的用法：1.

表示投保的險(xiǎn)別。后接against。如：Insuranceagainstallrisks

2.表示保額。后接for如insurancefor110％oftheinvoicevalue

3.表示保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或費(fèi)率，后接at如：insuranceataslightlyhigherpremium，insuranceattherateof5％4.表示向某保險(xiǎn)公司投保，后接with，如：insurancewithPICC39B.Shouldthebuyerrequirebroadercoverage,theextrapremiumisforbuyer’saccount.coverage：n.承保范圍，保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別Wearegladtosaywecanprovidesuchcoverage.貨物溢短單(Over-landed/Short-landedCargoList)

貨物溢短單是指船舶卸貨完畢后由理貨長將卸貨記錄匯總而編制的表明貨物所卸的數(shù)量與提單或其他有關(guān)單證所載數(shù)量比較，溢卸或短缺情況的書面證明。

40ExercisesTheclientthinksitmoreconvenientfortheinsurancetobecovered(tobetakencareof)byyouthanbyhimself.

Pleaseeffectinsurancefor150%oftheinvoicevalueagainstAllRisksandWarRisk,asrequestedbythebuyer.Wecanonlycoverinsurancefor110%oftheinvoiceva