商務(wù)英語綜合教程unit4

Unit4

TimeManagement

Timemanagementistheprocessofdecidingwhatneedstobedoneanddevelopingaplanand/ortimeframeforgettingitdone.Timemanagementisaboutestablishingroutines,settinggoals,andunderstandingpriorities.Timemanagementisaskillthatresultsinthemosteffectiveuseofaperson’stime.Itmeansconsistentlymakingtherightdecisionsastothebestwaytouseyourtimeatanygivenmoment.Unit4

TimeManagementCONTENTSTextBTranslationSkillsPracticalWritingTimeforFunLead-inTextALead-in1Listening1. Whattimedoesthemanleavehome? A.At5:00a.m. B.At6:00a.m. C.At6:45a.m.2. Whattimedoeshegettowork? A.At7:00a.m. B.At7:15a.m. C.At8:00a.m.3. Whatdothemanandhiswifedoaround8:00p.m.? A.Theyreadbookstogether. B.Theyreadandplaywiththekids. C.TheywatchTV.4.Whattimedoesthemanbeginworkingonhiswebsiteatnight? A.At8:30p.m. B.At10:00p.m. C.At1:00or2:00a.m.5. Whatdoesn’tthemanmentionabouthiswife? A.Shehelpsthekidswiththeirhomework. B.Shehastotaketheirchildrentoschool. C.Shegoesshoppingforfood.Listentotheconversationandanswerthequestions.Lead-in2Vocabulary1.getoffwork2.stayup3.setaside4.takecareof5.groceriesListentotheconversationagain,payingattentiontothewordslistedbelow,andchoosetheexplanationforeachword.A.notgotobedB.watch,lookafterC.finishworkD.foodandotheritemsatasupermarketE.reserve,allow,orgiveacertainamounttoLead-in

Afteryourdailyplanner,yourmostimportanttoolwillbeato-dolist.Youmightask,“Arenotadailyplannerandato-dolistprettymuchthesamething?”No,notatall.Adailyplanner,orcalendar,isabroad________ofhowyouaregoingtospendyourday,whileato-dolistcoversthespecificthingsyouneedandwantto__________byfollowingyourdailyschedule.

Everynightbeforegoingtobed,youshouldmakealistofthemostimportanttasksyouneedto__________thenextday.Ofcourse,youdonotneedtowaituntilthelastminutetostartthelist;youshouldbeputting_______onyourvoicerecorderorjottingnotesonapadoronyourcomputerthroughoutthedaywhenyouthinkofanewtaskforthenextday.Atnightyoushould_______theseandaddanylast-minutetasksyouhave____________.Onceyouhaveyourcompletelist,youwillwantto_______themorderofimportance,andthendecidewhichslottheyaregoingtofitintoonyourdailyplanner.guideline3SpotDictationListentotheconversationandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.accomplishtakecareofmemosorganizecomeupwithnumberLead-in3SpotDictationListentotheconversationandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.

Yourto-dolistshouldbethe____thingyouseewhenyougotoyourdeskorturnonyourcomputerinthemorning.Youshouldalsotakeitwithyouwhereveryougoand_______eachactivityasyouaccomplishit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouwillnotalwaysaccomplisheverythingonyourlisteveryday.Nevertheless,takingcareofalltheitemsonyourlistisagood_____toshootfor,andasyougetbetteratplanningandmanagement,youwillfindyourselfaccomplishingmoreandmoreallthetime.firstmarkoffgoalLead-in4Discussion&Role-play1. Whattimedoyouwakeupandgoforaclass?Discusswithyourpartneryourowntypicalscheduleforaweekdayandaweekendwiththehelpofthefollowingquestions.2. Whattimedoyoufinishthelastclass?3. Whatdoyoudowhenyougobacktoyourdorm?4. Whattimedoyougotobed?5. Whatactivitiesdoyouusuallydowithfamilyandfriends?TextA1Reading1. Whatistherealsecretoftimemanagement?2. Whatisthefirstthingyouneedtodotomanageyourtimeeffectively?3. Whydoestheauthorsuggestmorningasagoodtimefordailyplanning?4. Whatisthebenefitofschedulingthedaybeforeitstarts?5. Whataretherightthingsthatshouldbetakenaspriorities?Readthepassageabouttimemanagementandanswerthefollowingquestions.TextA

Thebestkeptsecretabouttimemanagementisthattherereallyisnosuchathingasgoodtimemanagement.Weonlygetsomanyhoursinthedayandthereisnowaywecanchangeitnomatterhowhardwetry.

Thefactisthattherealsecretoftimemanagementislearningtomanageourselvesandourownpersonalenergy.Weneedtoadjusthowwelookatthetimewehaveandhowwechoosetouseit.

Ifyoufindthatyouarestrugglingtofitallthethingsyouwouldliketodointoyourschedule,thenitisprobablytimeforachange.Thefirstthingyouneedtodoisspendsometimethinkingwhatyourprioritiesare.Thinkabouthowyoureallywanttospendyourtimeandidentifythethingsthatyouenjoyandareimportanttoyou.Thesearethethingsyouneedtoconcentrateonandscheduletimefor.TextA

Thebasicpartforeffectivedailyplanningistakingsometimetoplanforeachandeveryday.Thismayseemlikeachore;however,youneedonlytakefiveortenminutestodoit.Whenyoudoitisuptoyou.Youcandoitatnightbeforeyougotobed,orasthefirstthinginthemorning.Morningisagoodtimetodothisasyourmindisfreshafteragoodnight’ssleep.

Itisimportanttomakeacommitmenttoschedulingyourdaybeforeitstarts.Thosefivetotenminuteswillmakeyouclearaboutyouractionsforthedaysoyouaremorelikelytobehighlyproductive,andfeellessstressandpressure.

Anotheressentialpartoftimemanagementistheabilitytobeeffectivewithyourtime.Itisnotaboutgettingalotdone,butitisaboutgettingtherightthingsdone—thethingsthatmakeyoumoreproductive,makeyoumoremoney,orgetyouclosertoyourgoals.TextA

Forexample,ifyouownabusinessthatsendsoutahundredlettersaday,effectiveuseofyourtimeisgoingoutandfindingamachinetoprint,foldandstampletters;orgettingasecretarytodoit.Ineffectiveuseofyourtimeisspendingtwohoursadaydoingityourself.

So,that’sthesecretoftimemanagement.Onlyspendtimeonthethingsthatmattertoyou,andmakesureyouusethattimeeffectively.TextATextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.1. Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.A. howtomanagetimeinordertohavemoretimethanothersB. howtoarrangeourselvesandusetimeefficientlyC. thesecretofchangingourtimeD. howtoimproveourpersonalenergylevelB. howtoarrangeourselvesandusetimeefficientlyTextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.2. Ifyouhavetoomanythingstodobutdon’thaveenoughtime,youshould___.A. learntheskillsofeffectivedailyplanningB. dealwithyourprioritiesandforgetaboutothersC. choosethethingsyouenjoymostwhethertheyareimportantornotD. trytofitallthethingsintoyourscheduleA. learntheskillsofeffectivedailyplanningTextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.3. Itisnecessarythatyousetasidesometimeeverydayto______.A. dealwithyourchoresB. learntheskillsoftimemanagementC. makeadailyscheduleD. concentrateonthethingsyouenjoyC. makeadailyscheduleTextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.4. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A. Tomanagetimeeffectivelyistogetalotdonewithinthelimitedtime.B. Havingadailyschedulecanmakeyoumoreproductiveandlessstressful.C. Gettingtherightthingsdoneismoreproductivethandoingalotofthings.D. Thegoaloflearningtimemanagementistomakeeffectiveuseofyourtime.A. Tomanagetimeeffectivelyistogetalotdonewithinthelimitedtime.TextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.5. TheexampleinParagraph7isusedtoshow______.A. theimportanceofbuyingamachinetoprint,foldandstamplettersB. gettingasecretaryisnecessaryC. howtooperateabusinessD. howtouseyourtimeeffectivelyD. howtouseyourtimeeffectivelyTextA3Vocabulary1.managementA. ajoborpieceofworkwhichisoftenboringbutneedstobedoneregularly2.scheduleB. extremelyimportantandnecessary3.effectiveC. alistofplannedactivitiesorthingstobedone4.choreD. mitmentE. ductiveF. apromisetodosomethingortobehaveinaparticularway7.stressG. successfulorachievingtheresultsthatyouwant8.essentialH. resultinginorprovidingalargeamountorsupplyofsomething9.goalI. someonewhoworksinanofficetypingletters,keepingrecords,answeringtelephonecalls,arrangingmeetingsetc.10.secretaryJ. pressureorworrycausedbytheproblemsinsb’slifeECJAFHJBDIPart1Matchthewordsontheleftwiththedefinitionsontheright.TextA3Vocabularypriority schedule makesure commitment concentrateessential adjust beupto identify personal1. Thecustomerishighonourlistof________.2. It_______themanagertomakethefinaldecision.3. Themeetinghasbeen_________fortomorrowafternoon.4. Youneedto_______yourpriorities.5. Eveninsmallcompanies,computersarea(an)________tool.prioritiesPart2Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.isuptoscheduledidentifyessentialTextA3Vocabularypriority schedule makesure commitment concentrateessential adjust beupto identify personal6. Beforeyouprintsomething,_________theprinterhasenoughpaperinit.7. Trytomakesome_________ofyourdifferencessothatyoucancooperatewithyourcolleagues.8. Thebankshave__________themselvestoboostingprofitsbycuttingcosts.9. _________speaking,I’minfavorofthescheme.10. Theclerkspayalltheir____________onprovidingqualityvalueandservice.makesurePart2Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.adjustmentcommittedPersonallyconcentrationTextA3VocabularyPart3Studytheaffixesandcompletethesentenceswiththerightformofthewordsinthebrackets.1. Mostofusaremore__________(product)inthemorning.2. Heworksinmarketingand_______(product)development.3. Thisingredientalsohasthe______(effect)ofmakingyourskinlookyounger.4. Trainingisoftenmuchless________(effect)thanexpected.5. Thenegotiationswereconductedin______(secret).6. Carlawasalwaysvery________(secret)ductiveproducteffecteffectivesecretsecretiveTextA3VocabularyPart3Studytheaffixesandcompletethesentenceswiththerightformofthewordsinthebrackets.1. An_________(effective)manshouldnotbechairman.2. Themeasureisvery________(effective)andproductivityincreasesrapidly.3. I’msurehehasthe______(ability)todothejobwell.4. _______(ability)touseacomputerisaseriousdisadvantagewhenyouareapplyingforjobs.5. Businesslettersdonothavetobe__________(personal)andformal.6. My________(personal)viewisthatweshouldn’tofferhimthejob.ineffectiveeffectiveabilityInabilityimpersonalpersonalTextA4Summary

Inordertomanagetimeeffectively,wemustlearnto_______________andour__________________.First,weshoulddecidewhatour________are,and________timeforthem.Everydayweneedfiveortenminutesfor____________,and________isagoodtimetodothis.Schedulingyourdaywillhelpyoutobe______________,andfeelless_________________.Inaddition,weneedtobeeffectivewithourtime.Thepointis,weshouldfittherightthingintoourdailyschedule—thingsthatincreaseour___________,helpusearnmoremoney,andhelpusrealizeour______.manageourselvesCompletethesummaryofthepassagebyfillingintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesfromthepassage．ownpersonalenergyprioritiesscheduledailyplanningmorninghighlyproductivestressandpressureproductivitygoalsTextA5StructureExample1?...thereisnowaywecanchangeitnomatterhowhardwetry.nomatterhow意思是“無論怎樣”，用來強調(diào)不論情況怎樣，某事一定會發(fā)生。how可以換為其他疑問詞，即nomatterwhat/why/when等。Model: 不管你因為什么被解雇，都不要抱怨你的老板。

→Nomatterwhyyouwerefired,don’tblameyourboss.Studytheexamplesanddotheexercisesafterthemodel.TextA5Structure1. 不管這項任務(wù)有多艱巨，我都要完成它。2. 無論你是誰，你都不可以遲到。Iwillfinishthetask,nomatterhowharditis.Youcan’tbelatenomatterwhoyouare.TextA5Structure3. 不管發(fā)生什么事情，我都不會放棄我的工作。Iwon’tgiveupmyjobnomatterwhathappens.TextA5StructureExample2?Itisnotaboutgettingalotdone,butitisaboutgettingtherightthingsdone.getsth.done意思是“完成某事”或“安排某事被完成”。Model: Ineedtofindsomeonetofixtheprinterassoonaspossible. →Ineedtogettheprinterfixedassoonaspossible.TextA5Structure1. Wemustfinishthisworkontime.2. Let’sclearupthematter,onceandforall.Wemustgetthisworkfinishedontime.Let’sgetthematterclearedup,onceandforall.TextA5Structure3. Iwillasksomeonetocleantheofficetomorrowmorning.Iwillgettheofficecleanedtomorrowmorning.TextA6Translation1. 這家公司正致力于開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品。(concentrateon)2. 我們公司承諾提供良好的質(zhì)量和客戶服務(wù)。(haveacommitmentto)Thecompanyisconcentratingondevelopingnewproducts.Ourcompanyhasacommitmenttogoodqualityandcustomerservice.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.TextA6Translation3. 我確保信會在今晚郵出。(makesure)4. 他非常有可能成功。(highlylikely)Iwillmakesuretheletterleavestonight.It’shighlylikelythathewillsucceed.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.TextA6Translation5. 我們的頭等大事是提高質(zhì)量。(firstpriority)Ourfirstpriorityistoimprovequality.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.TextA7GrammarFocus表語(Predicative)表語是謂語的一部分，它位于系動詞之后，說明主語的身份、特征、屬性或狀態(tài)，補充說明主語的意義，因此，它也叫作主語補語(subjectcomplement)?？梢宰鞅碚Z的成分包括:形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、動名詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式和從句。系動詞可以分為三類：1.表示具有某種性質(zhì)、特征或出于某種狀態(tài)。如：be,appear,feel,sound,seem,look,smell,taste等；2.表示從所敘述的動作和過程所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果；或者表示狀態(tài)的變化。如：get,go,come,become,turn,grow,fall,prove等；3.表示某種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。如：keep,continue,stand,remain等。TextA7GrammarFocusPart1Lookatthepredicative'sinthefollowingsentences.Findfurtherexamplesinthepassageandidentifywhatelementsfunctioningassubjectcomplement.1. Thebestkeptsecretabouttimemanagementisthattherereallyisnosuchathingasgoodtimemanagement.2. ...therealsecretoftimemanagementislearningtomanageourselvesandourownpersonalenergy.3. Thefirstthingyouneedtodoisspendsometimethinkingwhatyourprioritiesare.TextA7GrammarFocusPart2CompletethesentencesbytranslatingtheChinesepartsintoEnglish.6. You’vegotto____________________________(在面試中顯得冷靜)evenifyou’reterrifiedunderneath.7. Pollutionfromcarshas______________________(成為一個主要問題).8. Thebankwill___________(保持營業(yè))whilerenovationsarecarriedout.9. Theverdictappears_________(公正的).10. Thegoodsare_______________(完好無損).appear(tobe)calminaninterviewbecomeamajorproblemremainopentobejustingoodconditionTextA8Role-play1. Haveyouevermadeaplan?Didyousticktoyourplan?Tellyourexperiences.2. Doyouthinkmakingaplanforeachdayisnecessary?Why?3. Whatareyourprioritiesinlife?Listdownthethreemostimportantthingsandexplainhowyouplantoachievethesegoals.TextB

Accordingtorecentdata—andmostpeople’sexperience—theworkweekisgettinglongerandleisuretimeisshorter,notonlyfortop-levelmanagersbutfortheaveragepeopleaswell.Expertssaythatorganizationisthekeytomanageyourtimeeffectively.Theysuggestyoustartbyaskingwhatyourrealgoalsareforyourself,yourfamily,andyourcareer.Withgoalsestablished,breakyourtimedownintomanageableparts.

Useamonthlycalendarforshort-termschedulinganda6-monthcalendarforlong-termscheduling.Notedownallthingsthatrelatetoyourgoals,includingclassesyouwanttotake(learningacomputerprogramforyourjobormasteringthepianoforfun),regularexercisetime,socialevents,andfamilytime.TextB

Onadailyactionlist,categorizetasks:thosethatneedimmediateattention(youhadbetterdothemyourself),thosethatcanbedelegated(youcanhiresomeonetocleanthefloorortypeyourletter,forexample),andthosethatcanbeputoff.Toavoiddelays,dealwiththetoughestjobsfirst,breakingthemintosmaller,lessdauntingcomponents.

Freeuptimeforthethingsyoureallywanttodobysimplifyingyourlife.Letgoofactivitiesthatdon’tcontributetoyourgoals(forexample,watchingtelevisionforawholeevening).

Reducethewasteofeverydaydelays.Whereveryougo,takereadingmaterialoranMP3withmusicyouwanttohear.Thenwhenyouhavetowait,youcanmakegooduseoforenjoythetime.TextB

Setasideahalf-hourtowardtheendofthedaytoworry.Psychologistsbelievethathavingaformalworryingtimecutsdowntheamountofworryingyoudo.

Timemanagementcomesdowntochoices.Goodchoicesleadtobetterresults,whilepoorchoicesleadtowastingtimeandenergy.Noonecanforceyoutouseyourtimewisely.Allthattimemanagementcandoispointthewaytohelpyousucceed.That’swhyyouwilloftenhearthattimemanagementisnotreallyaboutmanagingtime,itisaboutmanagingyourselfandyourlife.TextB

TextB1Vocabularyaccordingto expert leisure establish relatetocategorize delay formal contributeto dealwith1. Thepopulationis__________accordingtoage,sex,andsocialgroup.2. Whywastherea_____incarryingouttheplan?3. An______issomeonewhohasaspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject.4. Theletterwas_______initswording.5. Howdoyouplanto_________theproblem?categorizedPart1Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.delayexpertformaldealwith

TextB1Vocabularyaccordingto expert leisure establish relatetocategorize delay formal contributeto dealwith6. Mostpeopleonlyhavealimitedamountof_______time.7. Ourgoalisto________anewresearchcentreintheNorth.8. Whathesaiddoesnot________theproblemwediscuss.9. ___________ourrecordsyouoweus$130.10. Hiscollegeeducation_____________hissuccess.leisurePart1Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.establishrelatetoAccordingtocontributedtoTextB1VocabularyPart2Withsomewordsitispossibletocreateseveralnewwordsbyaddingsuffixes.Completethetablebelow,usingadictionary,andlearntheirmeanings.TextB1VocabularyPart2Withsomewordsitispossibletocreateseveralnewwordsbyaddingsuffixes.Completethetablebelow,usingadictionary,andlearntheirmeanings.

1. She’snowanassistantmarketing________(manage)forthesoutheasternarea.2. Iwanttoworkwithawell_________(organize)team.3. Sinceits____________(establish)twoyearsago,theadvicecentrehasbeenseenbyover500peopleaweek.4. Toolittleexerciseisa___________(contribute)factorinheartdisease.5. Thecompetitionwas__________(sponsor)byBritishAirways.managerorganizedestablishmentcontributorysponsoredTextB2GuidedPresentation1. Inordertomanageyourtimeeffectivelyyouneedtofirstdecide__________________________.2. Youneedacalendarforschedulingandwritedownthethingsthat_____________________.3. Thetoughestjobshouldbedealtfirstbybreakingtheminto__________________.4. Reducetheamountofworryingtimebysettingasidea______________________.5. Timemanagementisactuallyabout____________________andyourlife.Part1Completethefollowingstatementswithnomorethan4wordsaccordingtothepassage.TextB2GuidedPresentationPart2MakeapresentationonhowtomanageyourtimebetterbasedontheinformationgiveninPart1.TranslationSkills減譯法

減譯法（Omission）是避免譯文累贅，而不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。冠詞、連詞、代詞、關(guān)系副詞、介詞等，在英語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，但英譯漢時幾乎很少出現(xiàn)，要使譯文忠實通順，減譯法不可缺少。一、省略代詞

Onemustmakepainstakingeffortsbeforeonecansucceedinmasteringamanagementskill.要掌握一門管理技能非下苦功不可。當(dāng)it作形式主（賓）語、引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句或表示天氣、時間、距離等時，都可以省譯：

(1)Itis+名詞+從句：Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識

(2)Itis+形容詞+從句：Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

(3)It+不及物動詞+從句：Itfollowsthat…由此可見……

(4)Itis+被強調(diào)部分+that：Itisthemanthat...正是這個人……

(5)Itis（表天氣、時間、距離等）形容詞/名詞：Itissunnytoday.今天陽光明媚。TranslationSkills二、省略冠詞

Amanagershouldhavepatienceinhiswork.管理者在工作中應(yīng)當(dāng)有耐心。三、省略介詞漢譯時常省略表示時間、地點的介詞;表示地點的介詞短語在動詞后，有時不能省略。

HegotajobasatranslatorfortheServiceDepartment.他在服務(wù)部找到一份翻譯的工作。四、省略連詞

Justatthatmoment,thedooropenedandthemanagerwalkedin.就在那時，門開了，經(jīng)理走了進來。五、省略動詞作為系表結(jié)構(gòu)的英語動詞be和表示實意省略式的do，在譯成漢語時常常省略。

Thesereferencesarevaluableforournegotiation.這些文獻(xiàn)對于我們的談判很有價值。TranslationSkillsExercises1. Ishallnotbuyit,forIcannotaffordit.2. Ihadmanyideasaboutmanagement,butIonlyputafewintopractice.我不買，買不起。我有很多關(guān)于管理的想法，但只把少數(shù)付諸實踐了。Translatethefollowingsentences,usingthetechniquesofconversion.TranslationSkillsExercises3. Pleasetakeofftheoldregulationandthrowitaway.4. Ourdirectorlookedgloomyandtroubled.請把那張舊的規(guī)章制度取下來扔掉。我們的主管看上去有些憂愁不安。Translatethefollowingsentences.TranslationSkillsExercises5. Deliverymustbeeffectedwithinthetimestatedonthepurchaseorder.必須在購貨單規(guī)定的時間交貨。Translatethefollowingsentences.PracticalWriting中式英語英語和漢語在思維模式、文化習(xí)俗、歷史背景等方面存在著差異，所以其句式結(jié)構(gòu)的差異在所難免。如果在英語寫作中硬套漢語思維，就是中式化英語的表現(xiàn)，這只能使文章語言蹩腳、冗贅。英語中單詞有相應(yīng)的詞形變化，詞形使用正確才能保證句子在語法上正確，而漢語單詞則沒有詞形變化。例1漢語現(xiàn)在員工的工作離不開電腦。原句Nowtheemployees’workcan’tleavecomputers.改為Nowtheemployeescannotdowithoutcomputersintheirwork.評析此句的主語是“employee”，而不是work，實際意思是“員工們在工作中離不開電腦。”PracticalWriting例2漢語每日計劃正在改變這家公司員工的工作方式和時間管理方式。原句Dailyplansarechangingtheemployees’workwayandtimemanagementway.改為Dailyplansarechangingthewayemployeesworkandmanagetime.評析英漢詞序有所不同，英語定語可后置，而漢語一般是把定語放在被限定詞的前面。例3漢語我們的老板回來已有兩星期了，但我一直沒時間去拜訪他。原句Ourbosshasreturned(comeback)fortwoweeks.ButIhavenotimetopayavisit.改為Ourbosshasbeenbackfortwoweeks.ButIhavenotimetopayhimav