四級作文專題1

關于大學英語四、六級考試題型調(diào)整的說明自2013年12月起，全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會將對四、六級考試的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和測試題型作局部調(diào)整。調(diào)整后，四級和六級的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和測試題型相同?！洞缶V》對四級寫作的要求A思想表達1、表達中心思想2、表達重要或特定信息3、表達觀點、態(tài)度等B篇章組織

4、圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點5、連貫低阻聚成端，組段成篇《大綱》對四級寫作的要求C語言運用6、運用恰當?shù)脑~匯7、運用正確的語法8、運用合適的句子結(jié)構(gòu)9、使用正確的標點符號10、運用銜接手段表達句間關系（如對比、原因、結(jié)果、目的等）D寫作格式11、運用正確的符合英語表達習慣的寫作格式2013年寫作部分的標準分計算方法及評分標準（寫作部分占整套試卷的15%）

根據(jù)大綱規(guī)定，可將閱卷標準分為五等：

2分--條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤。

5分--基本切題。表達思想不夠清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴重語言錯誤。

8分--基本切題。表達思想比較清楚，文字尚連貫;但語言錯誤較多，其中有少量的嚴重錯誤。

11分--切題。表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。

14分--切題。表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好?；緹o語言錯誤。

除了以上五個主要標準之外，評分時還考慮以下三個因素：l.白卷，作文與題目毫不相關，或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達思想，則給零分。2.字數(shù)不足者酌情扣分(81-89個詞扣1分，7l-80個詞扣2分，61-70個詞扣3分，51一60個詞扣4分，不足50個詞最多只給5分)。所計字數(shù)不包括卷面上已給主題句。3.只寫一段者0-4分，只寫兩段者0-9分。自2011年12月始，多出現(xiàn)作文要求及題目均采用英文說明的新作文題型。四級寫作對策細心研讀考試指令,搞清楚作文的具體要求才能找到寫文章的突破口把握高分關鍵一、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰1、結(jié)構(gòu)意義完整四級作文盡管有字數(shù)限制，但它必須是一篇在結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上都完整的文章。一般來說，開頭段交代全文主題；中間段圍繞主題進行論述、說明或記敘；結(jié)尾段或總結(jié)、或提出建議、或提供解決方法等，三部分均必不可少。2、框架安排合理在動筆之前，首先要給文章定一個框架，各段的安排必須合理。一般來說，四級作文都是由三個段落組成。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和各段的內(nèi)容必須根據(jù)文章主題和所給的提綱（或圖畫、表格）來確定，不能隨意安排。3、主題不離中心全文各個段落都要為一個中心思想服務，而且每個段落都要圍繞一個主題來展開，如果有游離于中心思想之外的段落或句子，文章就會顯得零散雜亂、主題不明確。4、段落詳略得當由于時間和字數(shù)的限制，考生一定要有布局觀念，要根據(jù)主次關系對段落長短進行合理分配，既要避免“頭重腳輕”，也要避免“頭輕腳重”，各段的比例不能過分懸殊，主次詳略安排要得當。值得一提的是，很多考生在寫議論文時都會犯“頭重腳輕”的毛?。呵皟啥蝺?nèi)容豐富，結(jié)尾段卻只有寥寥兩、三句，完全是對第一段（提出主題）的簡單重復，甚至連用詞和句式也毫無變化，顯得十分蒼白無力，好像是為了結(jié)尾而結(jié)尾。正確的做法是強調(diào)文章主旨的重要意義，或指出需要注意的地方，或提出希望；重申觀點時應適當變換用詞和句式。段落的組成四級作文段落結(jié)構(gòu)一般可由三部分構(gòu)成，即主題句、擴展句和結(jié)尾句一、主題句1.主題句不能太籠統(tǒng)。例如：Topic:OurSchoolCampusTopicsentence:Iloveourschoolcampus.Revised:Iloveourschoolcampusforseveralreasons.2.主題句涉及面也不能太窄，否則就沒有展開討論的余地。Topic:CollegeLifeTopicsentence:Igotocollegetomakefriends.Revised:Igotocollegeforseveralreasons.3.主題句不僅限于一種形式，根據(jù)不同的主題，可以有各種各樣的主題句（1）直接點名某事物的作用或優(yōu)點Topic:SolarEnergyTopicsentence:Solarenergycancontributetoyourfutureenergysupply.（2）指出人們對某事物的不同觀點Topic:OpportunityTopicsentence:Itdiffersfrompersontopersonastotheviewofopportunity.擴展句：用來發(fā)展、證明或支持段落主題思想的。通常寫擴展句的方法是舉例子(forexample,forinstance,suchas,acaseinpointisthat)、列數(shù)據(jù)(accordingtotherecentstudy/survey)擴展句的特點是：清晰詳實條理分明內(nèi)容一致例如：Topicsentence:Cellphoneisoneofthemostpopularmeansofcommunication.Peoplemakeuseofittomakeanappointment,takeamessageforothers,discussaquestionandsoon.Peopleevenuseittohaveameetingorgiveanotice.結(jié)尾句：即總結(jié)句，用對全段進行總結(jié)、歸納或提出結(jié)論性觀點的句子。結(jié)尾句的作用一般是重復段落主題和強調(diào)段落中心思想。Upuntilnow,wecanseeitclearlythatacellphoneisnotbeneficialorharmfulinitself.Thekeyliesintheuser—solongaswecanmakeproperuseofit,itcanbemosthelpfultousinmanyaspects.遣詞一、準確、簡潔、搭配合理二、連接詞及副詞的使用1.舉例：acaseinpoint,forexample,forinstance2.列舉：firstly,secondly,thirdly;tobeginwith,foronething,foranother,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace3.遞進Moreover,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition,besides,also,next4.因果So,consequently,asaresult,since,therefore,becauseof,dueto,hence,thus5.條件If,providedthat,unless6.讓步Although,eventhough,evenif,inspiteof,afterall7.對比轉(zhuǎn)折But,however,otherwise,incontrast,onthecontrary,similarly,likewise,nevertheless,comparedwith8.表示時間順序Atthepresenttime,atthesametime,meanwhile,atlast,finally3、高分詞匯顯示普通詞匯show高分詞匯indicate,suggest,illustratereveal,unfold2.十分，非常普通詞匯very高分詞匯extremely,exceedingly,intensely3.好的普通詞匯good高分詞匯positive,outstanding,promising4.各種各樣的普通詞匯allkindsof高分詞匯agreatvarietyof5.優(yōu)于普通詞匯betterthan高分詞匯superiorto6.反對普通詞匯beagainst高分詞匯frownon7.引起注意普通詞匯attractone’sattention高分詞匯captureone’sattention常見錯誤避免一、動詞時態(tài)誤用e.g.Iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.Revised:Iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherewerenotsomanyvehiclesonthestreet.Iamastudentwhohasstudyingincollegefortwoyears.Revised:Ihavebeenstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears.二、句子不完整S+V

e.g.Thepriceofbreadhasrisensharply.2.S+V+Oe.g.Thepoliceareinvestingthecrime.3.S+P+Ce.g.thedoctorsseemedverycapable4.S+V+O+Ce.g.TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.5.S+V+IO+DOe.g.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.三、斷句錯誤e.g.Salmonsswimupstream,theyleapoverhugedamstoreachtheirdestination.Revised:Salmonsswimupstream,andthentheyleapoverhugedamstoreachtheirdestination.真題體驗一、圖畫類作文（一）題型分析圖畫作文通常是給出一幅漫畫，要求考生就圖中揭示的某種哲理或現(xiàn)象發(fā)表個人的觀點。首先，要仔細分析圖畫的內(nèi)容、旁白或者對白，揣摩其所隱含的信息，尤其注意題干部分的文字提示，然后確定主題。一般來說，該圖畫反映某種社會現(xiàn)實或現(xiàn)象，或諷刺或褒揚，或呼吁，以引起考生對此現(xiàn)象的思考（二）思路點撥第一段，重點描述圖畫內(nèi)容。（withabriefdescriptionofthepicture）。對圖畫內(nèi)容的描述可以引用圖畫中人物的對話，也可以用自己的語言進行描寫。簡要描述即可，不需要展開或深度挖掘。第二段，闡明自己的觀點。一般情況下，圖畫主題在題干中給得很清楚，這說明了審題的重要性，闡明觀點之后，可以先舉例說明現(xiàn)象再探討導致該現(xiàn)象的原因以及該現(xiàn)象可能產(chǎn)生的影響等，還可以結(jié)合數(shù)字、研究、名言等進行論證。第三段，總結(jié)全文，或提出個人建議或解決方法。最后一段的寫法，無論是圖畫、圖表還是提綱類作文、甚至是一句話點評類作文，都差別不大。2013年6月DoingBigThingsStartsfromDoingtheSmallOnes

Asisvividlyrevealedinthepictureabove,theboyexpresseshisworryaboutdisposingofnuclearwaste,whilehisfathertellshimtoemptythedustbinintheroomfirst.ThepictureremindsusofanoldChinesesaying—Ifyoudon’tliketodotrivialthingslikecleaningyourroom,it’simpossibleforyourtoundertakeanyimportanttask.

Undoubtedly,thesymbolicmeaningsubtlyconveyedinthepictureshouldbeengivendeepconsiderationthatitisvitalandnecessarytodealwithtrivialthings.Doingsmallthingswellcanhelpusdevelopthegoodqualitiesneededinundertakingimportanttask,whichlaysasolidfoundationforourfuturedevelopment.Moreoftenthesesmallthingswouldmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Forexample,wesurelyknowthatthewantofahorseshoenailmaycauseakingdomtobelost.Therefore,whenitcomestothekeytosuccess,themostimportantthinglies

indealingwitheverytrivialthingwellaroundus.

Inaword,forcollegestudents,toachievegoalsneedsnotmerelythegreatambition,butthepracticalspiritofdealingwithtrivialthingsfromthebeginning.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakethehighesteminence.二、圖表類作文圖表類作文要求考生用恰當、準確的文字來解釋說明圖表。其目的是通過所給數(shù)據(jù)進行比較分析，從中找出某種規(guī)律或得出某個結(jié)論。故圖表作文實際上是說明文和議論文甚至描述文等體裁的結(jié)合體。第一段：描述圖表。第二段：分析圖表數(shù)據(jù)所反映的現(xiàn)象。第三段：重申圖表所揭示的問題，并提出解決辦法或?qū)ξ磥戆l(fā)展趨勢做出預測。2012年12月四級作文真題PartⅠWriting注意此部分試題在答題卡1上Direction：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

EducationPays.You

shouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.\范文2012年12月EducationPaysTheabovebarchartclearlyshowsuseducationpaysin2010.Weseethatonewithhighereducationbackgroundearnsmoremoneyweeklythanthosewithlowerones.Forinstance,thecollegestudentswithnodegreegetpaid$712perweekwhereasthosewithaBachelor’sdegreecanearn$1038.Severalreasons,inmyopinion,canbeidentifiedtoaccountforthisphenomenon.Tobeginwith,comparedwiththosewithcomparativelylowereducationdegree,peoplewhohavereceivedhighereducationpossessconsiderablywiderknowledge,moreremarkablelearningandresearchability,greaterinnovationandmostofall,resourcefulsocialnetwork,allofwhichareessentialtoahigh-incomework.Also,thehigherone’seducationdegreeis,thebiggerplatformhewillhavetoshowhisability.Forexample,hiscollege,orresearchinstitutewillorganizevariousjobfairsforthemto

communicatefacetofacewithemployers.Thisphenomenontellsusthateducationisaworthyinvestment.

Therefore,substantialeducationinvestmentshouldbestrengthened.Ascollegestudents,weshouldstudyhardertobuildourcountryandstriveforabetterlifeforourselves.三、提綱類作文2012年6月真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnExcessivePackagingfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.目前許多商品存在過度包裝的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因我對這一現(xiàn)象的看法和建議范文OnExcessivePackaging

Inrecentyears,withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,commoditieswithexcessivepackaginghavepouredintothemarketsandstores,suchasluxuriousmooncakesandtraditionalChineserice-pudding.Suchaprevailingphenomenonleadstososeriouswastethatithasarousedpeople’swideconcernandstrongcriticism.Manyreasonsmayaccountforexcessivepackaging.Tobeginwith,anincreasingnumberofcompaniesandstoresholdtheideathatfancypackagingmayattractpotentialcustomersandstimulatetheirpurchasingdesire,thusearningmoreprofits.Inaddition,manycustomershaveawrongnotionthatthemoredelicatethepackagelooks,thehigherqualitythecommoditywillhave,whichencouragestheeviltrendofexcessivepackaging.What’smore,theprevailingphenomenonispartlyduetothelackofrelatedlawsandregulationsandstrictenforcementofthem.Inmyopinion,excessivepackagingwillnotonlywastethepreciousresources,butalsolayheavierburdenontheenvironment.Toprevenientthisphenomenonfromworsening,itishightimethatweraisedpeople’sawarenessofrationalconsumptionandsavingresources.四、一句話點評類思路點撥：首先根據(jù)給出的一句話確定本人的主題，第一段開門見山，用題目中所給的一句話引出主題，同時闡明自己的觀點，然后在第二段論證該觀點。第三段為結(jié)尾段，即重申題干所揭示的問題，給出合理建議。2011年12月大學英語四級作文真題PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上．Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowrite

ashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.

I'vedoneithundredsoftimes."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.范文NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill

Thereisawidespreadhumoroussaying,“Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I’vedoneithundredsoftimes.”Funnyasitis,thesayingironicallyreflectsthefactthatstrongwillisthemostessentialqualityforanyonethatwantstoachievesuccess.Ourlifeinvolvesallkindsofobstaclesandsetbackswhichmayexhaustusandknockusdown.

Therefore,wemusthavestrongwilltomeetchallengesofthem.Andwhat’smore,therearemanytemptationsarounduswhenwearestrivingforsuccess.Forexample,whenyouaredoingyourutmosttoquitplayingcomputergames,yourfriendsjustplaywithgreatsatisfaction.Then,howcanyouresistsuchaterribletemptation?Obviously,onlywithstrongwillcanyouconqueryourselfandrealizeyourgoals.

Allinall,successonlybelongstothosewhocantoleratelongyearsoftoilandmakeconstantefforts,justastheoldpopularsayinggoes,“ｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｗｉｌｌ，ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｗａｙ．”四級作文常用連接詞1、條件關系aslongas,evenif,eventhough,if,if……not,onconditionthat,otherwise,provided,supposing,unless2、空間關系above,across,around,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,closeathand,closeto,down,farahead,farbehind,farther,here,infrontof,inthedistance,inthemiddleof,nearby,nearto,nextto,on,ontheleft/right,oppositeto,over,there,totheleft/right,under,up3、舉例說明

acaseinpoint,asanillustration,forexample,forinstance,foronething……foranother,likewise,namely,ononehand...ontheotherhand,similarly,suchas,such...as,take...forexample,thatis,togiveanotherexample,toillustrate,...thelistisendless.4、解釋或定義inotherwords,insimpleterms,namely,thatis,thatistosay5、時間關系（先后順序）aboveall,after,and,afterawhile,afterward,also,assoonas,atfirst,atlast,before,besides,eventually,finally,firstly,firstofall,further,furthermore,immediately,inaddition,intheend,inthefirstplace,last,later,meanwhile,moreover,next,now,presently,recently,secondly,shortly,sincethen,soon,then,thirdly,tobeginwith,tostartwith,what'smore

6、遞進關系additionally,again,and,also,another,besides,further,furthermore,inaddition（to）,likewise,more,moreover,notonly...butalso,too,what'smore7、強調(diào)關系aboveall,actually,anyway,asamatteroffact,certainly,clearly,firstofall,inanycase,infact,indeed,inparticular,mostimportantofall,naturally,nodoubt,obviously,ofcourse,onnoaccount,surely8、因果關系accordingly,accountfor,asaresult,asfor,because,becauseof,consequently,contributeto,dueto,for,forthisreason,hence,leadto,nowthat,onaccountof,owingto,resultfrom,resultin,since,so,thanksto,then,therefore,thus9、轉(zhuǎn)折關系afterall,allatonce,allofasudden,although,anything,asamatteroffact,apartfrom,but,despite,differentfrom,evenso,eventhough,exceptfor,however,incontrastto,inspiteof,instead,nevertheless,ononehand…ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,otherwise,though,unless,unlike,yet10、比較與對比關系another,atthesametime,but,bycontrast,comparedto,comparedwith,despite,differfrom,differentfrom,equally(important),evenso,have...incommon,however,likewise,incomparison(with),incontrast(to),instead,inthesameway,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,otherwise,parallel,resemble,similarly,similarto,still,thesameas,unlike,whereas,while,yet11、總結(jié)與歸納aboveall,accordingly,allinall,altogether,asaresult,byandlarge,brieflyspeaking,consequently,finally,generallyspeaking,hence,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,insummary,onthewhole,so,therefore,thus,tobebrief,toconclude,tosummarize,tosumup12、引用他人的觀點asitisknowntoall,assb.putsit,asweallknow,as(thesaying)goes,astheproverbsays,itisoftensaidthat,somepeopleargue13、發(fā)表個人觀點asfaras...beconcerned,asforsb.,astosth.,fromone'spointofview,inone'seyes,inone'sopinion,intheeyesofsb.,itseemstosb.that,whenitcomesto……四級作文常見替換詞名詞：

1.影響：influence

-impact2.危險：danger-perils-hazards3.污染：pollution-contamination4.人類：humanbeings-mankind-humanrace5.老人：oldpeople-theold-theelderly-theaged-seniorcitizens6.幸福：happiness-well-being7.老師：teachers-instructors-educators-lecturers8.教育：education-schooling-familyparenting-upbringing9.青少年：youngpeople-youngsters-youths-adolescents10.優(yōu)點：advantage-merits-superio