狀語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題

高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)之語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題AdverbialClauses

狀語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句I.定義在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)用的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)（包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的一般為連詞，也可有詞組。狀語(yǔ)從句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。1.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(

)3.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()9.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.()時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式II.分類(lèi)比較引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：

1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）1.when/while/as2.before/after/since3.till/until4.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute…,ondoing…h(huán)ardly….when,nosooner….than5.time名詞短語(yǔ)：bythetime,everytime,thefirsttime等。when/as/while用法辨析when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，可用于主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可用于從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。e.g.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))e.g.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)).e.g.Whenthefilmended，thepeoplewentback.

When可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：Sb.wasdoingsomethingSb.wasabouttodosth.Sb.haddonesth.

when…注意Iwasdoinghomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Iwasabouttodohomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Ihaddonehomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.when/as/while用法辨析While意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。如：e.g.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.e.g.Hefellasleepwhile(heis)reading.e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot.(while意思是“趁……”).e.g.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.（表對(duì)比，“然而”）when/as/while用法辨析as

表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生?？勺g為“一邊……，一邊……”或“隨著……”e.g.ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))e.g.Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))e.g.Astimewenton/by,hegrewup.5）ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,______,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.whileafter：“在…之后”用作conj.&prep.e.g.Afterhefinishedhiswork,heleftthere.Hefinishedhisworkbeforeheleftthere.

Afterfinishinghiswork,heleftthere.before/since的用法before做連詞,可以表達(dá)“還未…就；不到…就；趁…；還沒(méi)來(lái)得及….;才…..”體會(huì)下列句子中before的含義：Wehadsailedfourdays

before

wesawland.Pleasewriteitdown

before

youforgetit.Before

theyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.有關(guān)before的固定句式：Itwillbe+時(shí)間+before…過(guò)多久才.Itwas+時(shí)間+before…過(guò)了多久就….了.Itwon’tbelong+before…不久之后才會(huì)…Itwasn’tlongbefore…不久之后就…了試著翻譯如下句子：e.g.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnstoEngland.e.g.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，其時(shí)態(tài)若為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句多用_____時(shí)態(tài)1)Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.2)IhaveworkedheresinceIgraduatedfrom

theuniversity.完成固定句型：“Itis+時(shí)間段+since從句”e.g.Itis(hasbeen)twoyears

since

hecamehere.肯定句：否定句：e.g.Hewaited

until/tillhismothercameback.e.g.Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.until(till);not…until一直...為止，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞直到…才…，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝用法：Itisnotuntilhismothercomeshomethathewillgotobed.Notuntilhismothercomeshomewillhegotobed.注意：till不能用在句首assoonas/immediately/directly/instantly

themoment/theminute/thesecond1)Assoonasshegothome,shebegantocook.Ongettinghome,shebegantocook.（介詞）2)Directly

the

master

came

in,

everyone

was

quiet.The

young

lady

rushed

into

the

room

immediately/instantly

she

heard

the

noise.3).The

moment/theminute/thesecondhe

reached

the

country,

he

started

his

search.

4)注意:hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than也可以表示“一…就…”,其時(shí)態(tài)搭配為“hardly/scarcely與nosooner引導(dǎo)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when與than引導(dǎo)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首，應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如：e.g.Hardly

hadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.他一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,就暈了過(guò)去.Nosooner

had

heheardthenewsthan

hefainted.everytime,eachtime:每次...Everytime/eachtimeIcome,heisreading.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：

2.AdverbialClausesofReason

（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）because,since,as,nowthat,for1)because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)回答why提問(wèn)，可用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。e.g.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.2)since語(yǔ)氣比because弱，表示關(guān)系上的自然結(jié)果，一般譯成“既然，鑒于”（往往放于主句之前）e.g.Sincenooneisagainstit,let’scarryouttheplan.（既然沒(méi)人反對(duì),…)3)as語(yǔ)氣最弱，只說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）e.g.Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalkingtoday.4)

nowthat用來(lái)說(shuō)明一種新情況，然后加以推理，nowthat放于句首時(shí)，that可省略。e.g.Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.5）for它只能置于主句之后，for是并列連詞。對(duì)前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時(shí)，e.g.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.

1)_______youareill,I’llgoalone.2)Itrainedlastnight,____thegroundiswetthismorning.3)Itwas___________hewasillthathewasabsent.4)Thecardidn’tstopnot______thefuelwasusedup.5).---Whatmadehimsoupset?---______hisbike.A.LosingB.BecausehelostC.BecauseoflosingD.LostSinceforbecausebecauseA小試牛刀引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：

3.AdverbialClausesofCondition條件狀語(yǔ)從句if/unlessas/solongasonceonconditionthatincaseif1)Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.2)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.Unless=ifnote.g.Wecan’twritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.as/solongase.g.IwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasIlive.e.g.Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.oncee.g.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.onconditionthat（條件是）e.g.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.incase(萬(wàn)一）e.g.You’dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）

where,whereverWherethereisawill,thereisaway.Thereareflieswhereverthereisdirt.醫(yī)生建議他住在空氣清新的地方。Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldlivewherethereisfreshair.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldliveintheplacewherethereisfreshair.（定語(yǔ)從句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的狀語(yǔ)從句）

sothat/inorderthatTheysetoutearlysothat(inorderthat)theymightarrivethereintime.Theysetoutearlyinorderto(soasto)arrivethereintime.6.AdverbialClausesofResult（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

so…that…,such…that…1)ItissogoodastorythatI’llneverforgetit.ItissuchagoodstorythatI’llneverforgetit.itissogoodastory____Iwillneverforget.2)such+adj.+名詞+thatclause3)so+adj./adv.+thatclause4)so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thatclausemuch/little+不可數(shù)名詞as7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比較）

as…as,notas(so)…as,more/-er…than,less…than1)Hedoesn’tworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyou’llsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(讓步)although/though,everif/eventhough即使,whenever(Nomatterwhen),as/though,while盡管,whether…ornot不管……都

1)although與though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不能與but連用,但可以與yet連用。e.g.Althoughtheyarepoor,(yet)theyarewarm-hearted.

2)_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.（04江蘇）

A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.UnlessA3)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，必須用倒裝；though可以不用倒裝．e.g.Tiredas/thoughtheywere,LucyandLilystayeduplate.Thoughtheworkisdifficult,we’llfinishitontime.4).Whenever(Nomatterwhen)youcometoourcountry,youwillbewarmlywelcomed.e.g.Wherever(Nomatterwhere)hegoes,healwaysbringstwobod