高考閱讀理解精講

高考閱讀理解精講武芬閱讀題材九大類閱讀題型九大類九大題材一、科普知識類二、環(huán)境保護類三、社會文化類四、人物傳記類五、說理議論類六、新聞報道類七、廣告信息類八、逸聞趣事類九、史地常識類一、科普知識類科普知識類短文是一種用通俗易懂的語言，解釋種種科學(xué)現(xiàn)象和理論的知識性短文?？破罩R類短文包括方方面面，如節(jié)能減排、防震減災(zāi)、全民健身、醫(yī)療保健、航天航海、科技發(fā)明、社會百科等。二、環(huán)境保護類環(huán)境保護是熱門話題，也是高考的重要方面之一，它包括范圍很廣，如全球變暖、大氣污染、海洋污染、工業(yè)污染、水土污染、噪音污染、放射性污染、生態(tài)平衡、節(jié)約能源、城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境問題等。三、社會文化類社會文化類短文是高考重點選材之一，以記敘文和議論文為主，內(nèi)容涉及社會政治、經(jīng)濟、科學(xué)、文化、教育、體育、文明、禮儀、生活習(xí)俗等方方面面。四、人物傳記類人物傳記主要描寫某人的生平事跡、生活背景、個性特征、成長經(jīng)歷、奮斗過程、主要成就等，文章包含記敘文的時間、地點、人物、事件等要素。其特點是以時間先后或事件發(fā)展為主線，邏輯線索貫穿全文，可讀性強。五、說理議論類說理議論類文章多通過敘述一些現(xiàn)象來闡釋生活中的道理，或者直接敘述某些發(fā)人深省的生活哲理。文章一般論點鮮明，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，出題以考查學(xué)生對文章的深度理解為主，難度較大。六、新聞報道類新聞具有真實性、時效性和語言簡潔的特點。對其考查一般落點在事件的時間、地點、人物、過程、結(jié)果及預(yù)測事件的影響。考查新聞的主題和標(biāo)題概括也是一大考點。七、廣告信息類廣告是現(xiàn)代生活信息交流的重要手段和媒介，此類文章一般文句精煉，信息量大，表達(dá)方式多樣?？荚囘x材多選取商品廣告、商品說明、體育廣告、藝術(shù)廣告、招聘信息、服務(wù)介紹等類別的文章。八、逸聞趣事類逸聞趣事類閱讀理解多選取古今中外名人的逸聞趣事，社會生活中的罕事趣事，以及街頭巷議的奇聞怪論等，側(cè)重趣味性，多考查對文章內(nèi)容的把握和對文章深層意義的理解。九、史地常識類史地常識類文章一般涉及某一國家、地區(qū)、河流、海洋、大山等的介紹以及歷史事件、自然地理、風(fēng)俗人情等方面的介紹，相當(dāng)一部分文章還附有圖表以幫助理解。九大題型一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題二、推理判斷題三、詞義猜測題四、句意理解題五、主旨大意題六、標(biāo)題歸納題七、作者態(tài)度題八、事件排序題九、數(shù)據(jù)計算題一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題旨在考查考生抓文章具體信息的能力，考生在做題時需要找出選項在文章中相對應(yīng)的信息部分，看兩者是否相符即可。二、推理判斷題推理判斷題考查考生根據(jù)文章中給出的信息對選項進(jìn)行推理、判斷以及給出結(jié)論的能力。選項在文中沒有完全匹配的信息，需要考生進(jìn)行推斷。三、詞義猜測題詞義猜測題主要考查考生利用上下文判斷文中某個單詞或短語在特定語言環(huán)境中的確切含義的能力。四、句意理解題句意理解題考查考生利用山下文判斷某一句子在特定語言環(huán)境中的準(zhǔn)確含義的能力。五、主旨大意題主旨大意題旨在考查考生對所給短文的主題、中心思想，或者文中某個段落的中心思想的概括能力。六、標(biāo)題歸納題標(biāo)題歸納題一般考查對所給短文的最佳標(biāo)題的概括和選擇。七、作者態(tài)度題此類題一般考查作者對文中某一問題的態(tài)度、觀點或全文的基調(diào)等。作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在字里行間或流露于文中的修飾詞語中，考生應(yīng)注意把握文中作者的措辭及語氣。八、事件排序題此類題一般是給出幾個事件，要求按文中敘述對事件排除正確的序列。做這種題時要注意把握關(guān)鍵事件的先后順序排出正確序列。九、數(shù)據(jù)計算題計算題涉及到時間、距離、價格、數(shù)目、年齡等的數(shù)字計算。一類是直接選擇，文中給出了具體數(shù)字；一類是運算題，答案需要根據(jù)文中的敘述通過運算才能得出答案。練習(xí)一、科普知識類

Zinc(鋅)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamount,butitmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.Researchersfirststudiedzincasawaytospeedrecovery.Dr.Waltor

Powys,formerlywiththeUnitedStatesAirForce,notedthatthelaboratoryanimalsrecoveredfasterwhensomesubstanceswereaddedtotheirfood.Oneofthesesubstanceswaszinc.Dr.PowyslatertestedthezinctreatmentonanAmericanairmanrecoveringfrommedicaloperations.Theairmanwhoreceivedzincsulphate(硫酸鹽)recoveredinonehalftheusualtime.Otherdoctorsstudiedpersonswhohadanumberofstrangedisorders.Thedoctorslearnedthatalloftheseproblemswerecausedbyalackofzincinthebody.Theytreatedthesedisorderssuccessfullybygivingthepatientszincsulphate.Theamountofzincinthebodycanbefoundbyexaminingthebloodandhair.Alackofthisimportantelementisnotuncommonamongpeopleinbothindustrialanddevelopingcountries.Zincisfoundinmosthighproteinfoods,suchasmeat,milk,fishandeggs.Itisalsofoundinwholegrains.Butmanypeopledonoteatenoughofthesefoods.Foodmakersshouldaddtheelementssothatmorepeoplecouldgetneededamountsoftheseessentialsubstances.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Scientistsarejuststartingtostudyhowzincandotherelementswork.B.Peopleonlyneedaverysmallamountofzinctomaintaingoodhealth.C.Zincisimportantbecauseitallowsimportantchemicalactionstotakeplaceincells.D.Alackofzincisrareamongpeopleindevelopedcountries.2.Somehealthexpertssayfoodmakersshouldaddsomeelements________peoplewon'tlacktheseessentialsubstances.A.thereforeB.sinceC.forthepurposethatD.fortheeffectthat3.Thetopicofthispassageis_______.

A.theroleofzinccaliphateB.therelationshipbetweenzincandpeople'shealthC.theamountofzincthatthebodyneedsD.thefoodthatcontainszinc【要點綜述】本篇文章為說明文。鋅是良好健康所需的20種元素之一。研究表明鋅可以加速身體康復(fù)的速度，因而建議神品制造商們要添加鋅以保證人們獲取所需鋅的量。1.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Alackofthisimportantelementisnotuncommonamongpeopleinbothindustrialanddevelopingcountries.”，可知在工業(yè)國家和發(fā)展中國家缺少鋅都不是罕見的，故選D。2.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在第三段最后一句內(nèi)容“Foodmakersshouldaddtheelementssothatmorepeoplecouldgetneededamountsoftheseessentialsubstances.”，可知食品制造商應(yīng)該添加元素以讓更多的人可以獲得所需要的這些基本的物質(zhì)的量，故選C。3.B【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，可知作者通過揭示研究結(jié)果，反映鋅的重要性以及鋅與健康的關(guān)系，故選B。練習(xí)二、環(huán)境保護類

Everytimeyougotothesupermarket,youcomeawaywithyourpurchasesinplasticbags.Butwouldn'titbekindertotheenvironmentifyouaskedforpaperbagsinstead?Theanswerisnottheeasyasitmightseem.Environmentalistssaytherearedrawbackstousingbothplasticbagsandpaperbags.AccordingtotheAmericanPlasticsCouncil,80percentofgroceriesintheUSarepackedinplasticbags.“Thenumbersarebecominghuge.”saidVincentCobb,abusinessmanfromChicagowhosetup“reusable”ontheInternet.Henotesthatconsumersusebetween500billionand1trillionplasticbagsperyearworldwide.Someexpertsbelievethatallthesebagsharmtheenvironment.Plastictakeshundredsofyearstobreakdownand,asitdoesso,poisonousmaterialsarereleasedintothewaterandsoil.Furtherdamageiscausedifplasticbagsenterthesea.Forexample,endangeredseaturtlescannottellthebagsfromjellyfish,theirmainsourceoffood,andoftenchokeonthem.FloatingplasticbagshavebeenspottedasfarnorthastheArcticOceanandasfarsouthasthesouthernendofSouthAmerica.Oneexpertpredictsthat,withintenyears,plasticbagswillwashupinAntarctica!However,thiskindofbagdoeshaveitsadvantages.“Plasticgrocerybagsaresomeofthemostreusedthingsaroundthehouse,”explainedLaurieKusekoftheAmericanPlasticsCouncil.AccordingtotheFilmandBagFederation,atradegroupintheUSplasticsindustry,paperbagsuseenergyandcreatemorewastethanplasticbags.Plasticbagsrequire40percentlessenergytoproduceandcause70percentlessairpollution,thegroupexplained.Theyalsoreleasemuchas94percentlesswasteintothewaterthanpaperones.Butpaperbagsdobreakdownmorequicklythanplasticbags.Theydon'tendangerwildlife,either.Sowhatshouldwedo?Onepossiblesolutionwouldbetousebiodegradable(能被生物分解的)plasticbags.Butuntilbiodegradabletechnologyimproves,itmightbeeasiertopackthingsyoubuyinreusableclothbags.1.Thebesttitleofthepassageis

.A.PaperCausesLessPollutionB.PlasticCausesLessPollutionC.BothpaperandPlasticsArePollutionalD.PaperBagsAreEnvironmental-friendly2.Theunderlinedword“drawbacks”mightmean“

”.A.advantagesB.disadvantagesC.limitsD.flaws3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Papertakeslesstimetobreakdownthanplastic.B.PlasticbagswillbefoundinAntarcticainthefuture.C.Paperbagsrequirelessenergythanplasticbags.D.Reusableclothbagsarepreferredwhenshopping.4.Whatadvantagesdothepaperbagshaveoverplasticbags?A.Paperbagstakelesstimetorot.B.Paperbagscauselesspollution.C.Paperbagsarethemostreusable.D.Paperbagsendangerthewildlife.【要點綜述】購物時，使用塑料袋還是紙袋？兩者熟優(yōu)熟劣？本文在對比二者的同時，指出，二者都污染環(huán)境。1.C【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。文章在說明塑料袋和紙袋的優(yōu)缺點，二者都污染環(huán)境，塑料袋難以分解，對南北極是個威脅，對海洋動物是個威脅，但是紙袋有消耗大量北邊雇員、產(chǎn)生比塑料袋多得多的垃圾，塑料袋難以分解但是可以回收使用，而紙袋容易分解，可以看出文章的主題是二者都產(chǎn)生污染，故選C。2.B【解析】詞義猜測題。第二段實際是主題，從下文的說明可知不管塑料袋還是紙袋都污染環(huán)境，所以可以猜得drawbacks是“劣勢”的含義，故選B。3.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第十段提到紙袋比塑料袋使用更多的能源、產(chǎn)生更多的垃圾，C項陳述與文章內(nèi)容不符，故選C。4.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第十一段提到，“但是紙袋比塑料袋分解快速”，故選C。練習(xí)三、社會文化類

FormanypeopleintheU.S,sportsarenotjustforfun.They’realmosta"religion".Thousandsofsportsfansbuyexpensiveticketstowatchtheirfavoriteteamsandathletesplayinperson.Otherfanswatchthegamesathome,stickingtotheirTVsets,nevermissingagame.Manyawifebecomesa"sportswidow(運動寡婦)"duringherhusband'sfavoriteseason.America'sdevotiontosportshascreatedanewclassofwealthypeople:professionalathletes.Sportsstarsoftenreceivemillion-dollarsalaries.Someevenmakebigmoneybyappearinginadvertisementsforsoftdrinks,shoesandalmosteverything.SportsareanimportantpartofAmericanculture.Throughouttheirschoollife,Americanslearntoplaymanysports.Manystudentstryoutfortheschoolteams.Athleticeventsatuniversitiesattractscoresoffansandbenefitthewholecommunity.Manypeoplealsoenjoynon-competitiveactivities,likehiking,cycling,horsebackriding,campingorhunting.Manysportswereimportedfromothercountries.Europeansbroughttennis,golf,bowlingandboxingtoAmerica.FootballandbaseballcamefromotherOldWorldgames.OnlybasketballhasatrulyAmericanorigin.Americansexportsportsfeveraswell.Satellitesbroadcastgamestosportsfansaroundtheglobe.NBAisagoodexample.ThenamesofAmericansuperstarslikebasketballgreatMichaelJordanhavebecomehouseholdwordsallovertheworld.1.Whatdoesa"sportswidow"meanintheU.S?A.WivesareseriousinreligionB.Wivesaredevotedtosports.C.ThehusbandsareaddictedtosportsD.Thehusbandsarelost2.Whatcanweknowaccordingtopassage?A.AlltheU.SsportsstarscanearnalargesumofmoneyviathemediaB.AmericanstudentstakeupvarioussportsandathleticeventsC.LotsofAmericanpeopletakepartinnon-competitiveactivitiesD.Americanpeopleliketoexchangedifferentsportsfromeachother3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.AlltheAmericansaresportsfans B.SportcultureinfluencestheworldC.MostAmericanslikecompetition D.Americalikesnewformsofsports4.Whatdoesthewritermainlyintendtotellus?A.HowimportantsportsareinAmericaB.wheresportsstarsmakemuchmoneyC.whythere’resomanysportsinAmericaD.whataffectthecouple’srelationship【文章大意】本篇文章為說明文。運動在美國不僅僅是娛樂，也是美國文化中的重要組成部分。運動吸引了很多人，也是很多人從事各種運動。美國不僅引進(jìn)運動也輸出運動。尤其NBA吸引了全球眾多球迷。1.C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第三句和第四句“Otherfanswatchthegamesathome,stickingtotheirTVsets,nevermissingagame.Manyawifebecomesa"sportswidow(運動寡婦)"duringherhusband'sfavoriteseason”，可知很多球迷黏在電視機前，從不錯過一場比賽，許多妻子在他們的丈夫最喜歡的賽季中也因此成為運動寡婦，故選C。2.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段后三句“America'sdevotiontosportshascreatedanewclassofwealthypeople:professionalathletes.Sportsstarsoftenreceivemillion-dollarsalaries.Someevenmakebigmoneybyappearinginadvertisementsforsoftdrinks,shoesandalmosteverything”可知由于美國人對運動的愛好，產(chǎn)生了一個新的階層：職業(yè)運動員，他們經(jīng)常是收入百萬美元，而且從廣告中獲得巨大收入，A正確；第二段第二句和第三句“Throughouttheirschoollife,Americanslearntoplaymanysports.Manystudentstryoutfortheschoolteams.Athleticeventsatuniversitiesattractscoresoffansandbenefitthewholecommunity”，可知美國學(xué)生學(xué)會更多的體育運動，職業(yè)運動在大學(xué)也吸引了大量的擁蹙者，B正確；第二段第四局“Manypeoplealsoenjoynon-competitiveactivities,likehiking,cycling,horsebackriding,campingorhunting”可知，許多美國人喜歡非競爭性的運動，故C正確；D系軒昂文中沒涉及，故選D不對，選擇D。3.B【解析】推理判斷題。最后一段可知，美國從其他國家引進(jìn)運動，也輸出運動，尤其是NBA的轉(zhuǎn)播吸引了全球的球迷，NBA超級球星喬丹的名字家喻戶曉，可知運動已經(jīng)成為一種文化影響全世界，故選B。4.A【解析】主旨大意題。文章西歐那個第一段開始敘述運動在美國不僅僅是娛樂，第二段第一句又提到運動成為了美國文化的重要部分，說明運動在美國的重要性，故選A。練習(xí)四、人物傳記類

Jerrywasalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshadsomethingpositivetosay.Oneday,IwentuptoJerryandaskedhim,“Youcan’tbeapositivepersonallofthetime.Howdoyoudoit?”Jerryreplied,“Everytimesomeonecomplainstome,IcanchoosetoaccepthiscomplaintsorIcanpointoutthepositivesideoflife.Ichoosethepositivesideoflife.”Severalyearslater,IheardthatJerrywasshotbythreearmedrobbers.Luckily,Jerrywasfoundrelativelyquicklyandrushedtothehospital.FinallyJerrywasreleasedfromthehospitalwithfragmentsofthebulletsstillinhisbody.Aboutsixmonthsaftertheaccident,Isawhim.Iaskedhimwhathadgonethroughhismindastherobberytookplace.“ThefirstthingthatwentthroughmymindwasthatIshouldhavelockedthebackdoor,”Jerryreplied.“Then,asIlayonthefloor,IrememberedthatIhadtwochoices:Icouldchoosetolive,orIcouldchoosetodie.Ichoosetolive.”“Weren’tyouscared?”Jerrycontinued,“Thedoctorsandnursesweregreat.TheykepttellingmeIwasgoingtobefine.ButwhentheywheeledmeintotheemergencyroomandIsawtheexpressionsonthefacesofthedoctorsandnurses,Igotreallyscared.Intheireyes,Iread,‘He’sadeadman.’IknewIneededtotakeaction.”“Whatdidyoudo?”Iasked.“Well,therewasabig,strongnurseshoutingquestionsatme,”saidJerry.“SheaskedifIwasallergictoanything.‘Yes’,Ireplied.Thedoctorsandnursesstoppedworkingastheywaitedformyreply.Itookadeepbreathandyelled,‘Bullets!’Overtheirlaughter,Itoldthem,‘Iamchoosingtolive.OperateonmeasifIamalive,notdead.’”Jerrylivedthankstotheskillofhisdoctors,butalsobecauseofhisamazingattitude.Ilearnedfromhimthateverydaywehavethechoicetolivefully.1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeJerry?A.Impolite.

B.Concerned.

C.Stubborn.

D.Optimistic.2.WhatdidJerryfirstthinkofwhentherobberyhappened?A.Hemightbeshotbythearmedrobbers.

B.Heshouldn’thaveleftthebackdoorunlocked.C.Howhecouldcallthepolicemen.

D.Hemightberobbedofmanythings.3.Fromtheexpressionsofthedoctorsandnurses,Jerryrealizedthat_______.theydidn’twanttosavehislife

B.hewasn’tseriouslywoundedC.theythoughthehadlittlechancetolive

D.hewastreatedasadeadman【要點綜述】本文敘述了一位生活態(tài)度非常樂觀的人，Jerry。不管發(fā)生什么事，他總能用積極樂觀的態(tài)度對待。文中描述了有一天Jerry家遭到了搶劫，他受了重傷。醫(yī)生們議論說他可能活不了，而這是躺在手術(shù)車上的Jerry，卻還能開玩笑，最終他得救了。1.

D【解析】推理判斷題。從文章開頭第一句話“Jerrywasalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshadsomethingpositivetosay.”可以推斷出Jerry是一位非常積極樂觀的人。而A.Impolite.有禮貌的；B.Concerned.關(guān)心的；C.Stubborn.固執(zhí)的，這三項都不合乎題意。

2.

B.【解析】推理判斷題。從第四段第一句話Jerry的回答“ThefirstthingthatwentthroughmymindwasthatIshouldhavelockedthebackdoor,”可以得知當(dāng)搶劫發(fā)生時，Jerry才意識到自己忘記鎖后門了。一開始他并沒有受傷，故A不合題意；文中并沒提到他報警的是，故不合題意；在被搶劫之初，他并不知道自己將被搶走許多東西，故不能選。3．C.【解析】推理判斷題。從文中第六段“Isawtheexpressionsonthefacesofthedoctorsandnurses,Igotreallyscared.Intheireyes,Iread,‘He’sadeadman.’IknewIneededtotakeaction.””可以推斷出Jerry生存的可能性很小。文中并沒有提到醫(yī)生不想挽救他的生命，故A不能選；因為作者自己認(rèn)為醫(yī)生認(rèn)為他可能死了，可知他受傷很嚴(yán)重，所以B項不能選；而D項他被當(dāng)做死人一樣來拯救的，也不合題意。練習(xí)五、說理議論類

Myfatherwas44andknewhewasn’t

goingtomaleitto45.Hewrotemealetterandhopedthatsomethinginitwouldhelpmefortherestofmylife.

Sincetheday1was12andfirstreadhisletter,someofhiswordshavelivedinmybeart.Oneitawaystimesout.“Rightnow,youarepretendingtobeatime-killer.ButIknowthatonehay,youwilldosomethinggreatthatwillsetyouamongtheverybest.”Knowingthatmydadbelievedinmegavemepermissiontobelieveinmyself.“Youwilldosomethinggreat.”Hedidn’tknowwhatthatwouldbe,andneitherdidI,butattimesinmylifewhenI’vefeltproudofmyself,IrememberhiswordsandwishhewereheresoIcouldask.“Isthiswhatyouweretalkingabout,Dad?ShouldIkeepgoing?”

Alongwayfrim12now,IrealizehewwouldhavebeenproudwhenImadeanyprogress.Lately,thongn.I’vecometobelievehe’dwantmetomoveontowinatcomnext:tobenroodofandbelievein,somebodyelse.It’stimetostartwritingmyownletterstomychildren.Ourchildrenlooktouswiththesameunansweredquestionwehad.Ourkidsdon’tholdbackbecausethey’reafraidtofail.They’reonlyafraidoffailingus.Theydon’tworryaboutbeingdisappointed.Theirfear－asminewasuntilmyfather’sletter－isofbeingadisappointment.

Giveyourchikdrenpermissiontosucceed.They’rewitingforyoutobelieveinthem.Ialwaysknewwayparentslovedme.ButtrustmyThatelicwillbemorecomlece,thatlovewillbemorereal,andtheirbeliefinthenelces

whibegreaterifyouwritethewordsontheirhearts;“Don’tworry;you’lldosomethinggreat.”Nothavingthatblessingfromtheirparentsmaybetheonlythingholdingthemback.1.Welearnfromthetextthattheauthor

.

A.losthisfatherwhenhewasyoung

B.workedhardbeforehereadhisfather’sletter

C.askedhisfatherpermissiontobelieveinhimself

D.knewexactlyatthinghisfatherwantedhimtodo

2.Whatdoestheauthortellusinthe3rdparagraph?

A.Childrenneedtheirparents'letters.

B.Childrenareafraidtobedisappointed.

C.Hischildren’sfearoffailureheldthemback.

D.Hisfather’sletterremovedhisfearoffailinghisparents.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheauthor?

A.Hegotnoaccesstosuccess.

B.Hewrotebacktohisfatherat12.

C.Hewassurehisparentslovedhim.

D.Heonceaskedhisfatherabouttheletter.

4.Themainpurposeofthetextisto_______.

A.describechildren’sthinking

B.answersomequestionschildrenhave

C.stresstheimportanceofcommunication

D.adviseparentstoencouragetheirchildren【要點綜述】本文是一篇議論文，文章通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷，勸說家長一定要信任和鼓勵自己的孩子。A【解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段講到作者的父親在45歲之前就去世了，之前寫了文章中特別介紹的信件；再結(jié)合第二段第一句話可推出答案。2.D【解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合第三段尤其是最后一句話可得出答案。3.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ialwaysknewmyparentslovedme”可得出答案。4.D【解析】寫作目的題。結(jié)合全文，尤其是第四段中的第一句和最后一句可得出答案。練習(xí)六、新聞報道類

Scientistsarebuildingtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot.It’strue.Somesaymachinesthatwalk,speakandfeelwillhavebeenmadeby2020.KismetisthenameofarobotwhichscientistshavebuiltthisyearattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).Kismetisdifferentfromtraditionalrobotsbecauseitcanshowhumanemotions.Itseyes,earsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappy,sadorbored.Kismetisoneofthefirstrobotsofanewgenerationthatlooklikehumanbeingsandcanimitatehumanfeelings.Somepeoplesaythatby2020wewillhavecreatedrobotswithbrainssimilartothoseofadulthumanbeings.Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertosell.Whatkindofjobswilltheydo?Inthefuture,robotslikeRobonaut,arobotinventedbyNASA,willbedoingdangerousjobs,likerepairingspacestations.Theywillalsobedoingmoreandmoreofthehouseholdworkforus.InJapan,scientistsaredesigningrobotsthatwillentertainpeoplebydancingandplayingthepiano.Meanwhile,peoplewhoworryaboutthefuturearewonderingwhetherrobotswillbecomemonsters?Willpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobots?Expertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro-computersconnectedtotheInternetinthefuture.Peoplewillhavemicrochipsinvariouspartsoftheirbody,whichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofsmallmachines.Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate(夸大)theimportanceoftechnology,butonemaywonderwhether,inyearstocome,wewillbefallinginlove,andwhetherwewillfeelpain.Whoknows?

1.Kismetisdifferentfromtraditionalrobotsbecause_______.A.itismadeintheMIT,USAB.itisabletoexpressitsownfeelingsC.itisthefirstmodernrobotD.itisabletoshowhumanfeelings2.Possibly,robotswillbeableto_______inabouttenyearsfromnow.A.thinklikehumanbeingsB.doallkindsofjobsforusC.imitatehumanfeelingsD.becomedangerousmonsters3.Theunderlinedword“one”inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedby_______.A.someexpertsB.thewriterhimselfC.somescientistsD.peopleingeneral4.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat_______.A.robotswilltaketheplaceofhumanbeingsinthefutureB.theimportanceoftechnologyhasbeenexaggeratedC.scientistshavedesigneddifferentkindsofrobotsD.robotsmightbeahelperoradanger【要點綜述】本文是一則新聞報道。未來機器人會是什么樣子？會有哪些功能？它們對于人類來說，是利大于弊還是弊大于利？本文中給出了介紹。1.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Kismetisdifferentfromtraditionalrobotsbecauseitcanshowhumanemotions可知，Kismet可以顯示人的感情，這是它有別于其他機器人的地方。2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段Somepeoplesaythatby2020wewillhavecreatedrobotswithbrainssimilartothoseofadulthumanbeings可知，一些人聲稱到2020年將制造出大腦與成年人大腦相似的機器人。3.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，one在這里泛指一般人，而并非專家，科學(xué)家或作者本人。4.D【解析】推理判斷題。由最后兩段，特別是最后一段可知，沒有人確切地知道未來的機器人會怎么樣。它們可能是人類的助手也有可能是人類的對手。練習(xí)七、廣告信息類6:00Channel3Let’sTalk!Guest:AnimalexpertJimPorterChannel5CartoonsChannel8NewsChannel9News7:00Channel3CookingwithCathyTonight:ChickenwithmushroomsChannel5MovieAlaughaMinute(1955)JamesRayburnChannel8Spin(旋轉(zhuǎn))forDollarsChannel9FarmReport7:30Channel3DoubleTrouble(comedy):ThetwinsdisruptthehighschooldanceChannel9WallStreetToday.StockMarketReport8:00Channel3NBABasketball.TeamstobeannouncedChannel8MovieAtDay’sEnd(1981)MichaelCollier,Julie

Romer.DramasetinWorldWarIIChannel9NewsSpecial“SavingOurWaterways:PollutionintheMississipi”Thefollowingprogramsareforentertainmentexcept______.A.CartoonsB.DoubleTroubleC.SpinforDollarsD.NewsSpecial2.Whichofthefollowingprogramsismostlikelyintendedforhousewives?A.Let’sTalk!B.WallStreetTodayC.CookingwithCathyTonightD.FarmReport3.Ifyou’dliketowatchasportsgame,youcouldturnontheTVto______,A.Channel5at6:00B.Channel8at7:00C.Channel3at7:30D.Channel3at8:004.WhichismostprobablytheNewsChannel?A.Channel3.B.Channel5C.Channel8D.Channel9【要點綜述】這是一個電視節(jié)目單。1.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一句話可以知道，第九頻道是關(guān)于解決密西西比河污染問題的報道。2.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Channel3CookingwithCathyTonight:Chickenwithmushrooms可知，該頻道很可能是教主婦們做飯的。3.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)8：00Channel3NBABasketball.Teamstobeannounced可知答案。4.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。推理判斷題。通讀全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，在各個時間段，第9頻道的節(jié)目都是新聞報道，由此可以推斷出可能是個新聞頻道。練習(xí)八、逸聞趣事類

TheWife-carryingWorldChampionshiphasbeencelebratedinasmalltownincentralFinlandsince1992.In1992,thepeopleofthetowndecidedthatitwastimetorestartsomelong-forgottentraditions.Backinthelate1800s,therewasarobbercalledRosvo-Ronkaineninthatarea.Hewassaidtoonlyacceptmenasmembersofhisgangwhoprovedtheirworthinchallenges.Atthattime,itwasalsoacommonpracticetostealwomenfromneighboringvillages.TheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipisbecomingincreasinglypopular.Alargenumberofcompetitors,people,andjournalistsfromFinlandtoCanadaattendtheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipeveryyear.Theeventiswell-knownforitswarmandhumorousatmosphere.TheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipisheldona253.5meterslongofficialtrack.Thetrackhastwodryobstaclesandawaterobstacle,aboutameterdeep.Thereareafewbasicrulesandthewinningteamisthecouplewhocompletethecourseintheshortesttime.Thewifetobecarriedmaybeyourown,oryourneighbor’s.Theminimumweightofthewifetobecarriedis49kg.Ifsheislessthan49kg,thewifewillbegivenaheavybagtocarry.Eachtimeacompetitordropshiswife,thatcouplewillbefined15seconds.AlongwiththeWife-carryingWorldChampionship,thereisalsoateamcompetition.Thedistanceisthesamebutthreemenintheteamcarrythewifeinturns.Attheexchangepointthecarrierhastodrinkofficial“wife-carryingdrink”beforecontinuingtherace.Aspecialprizeisawardedtotheteamwiththebestcostumes.AlongsidewiththeWife-carryingWorldChampionship,therearebandsplayingmusic,awife-carryingdanceandotherformsofentertainment.1.Accordingtothepassage,theWife-carryingWorldChampionship_____.A.wasfirstcelebratedin1992B.wasfirstheldbyRosvo-Ronkainen

C.iscelebratedinFinlandorCanadaeveryyearD.willaward“wife-carryingdrinks”tothewinners2.TheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipisfamousbecause_____.A.itisheldona253.5meterslongtrackB.manycompetitorstakepartinitC.ithasapleasantatmosphereD.thewinnerwillbeawardedalotofmoney3.Ifahusbanddropshiswifethreetimesinthecompetition,hewillbefined_____.A.15seconds B.35seconds C.45seconds D.60seconds4.Thepassageiswrittenmainlyto_____.A.warnpeoplethatcompetitionisdangerousB.attractmorevisitorstotheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipC.introducehowtheWife-carryingWorldChampionshipbeganD.tellussomethingabouttheWife-carryingWorldChampionship【要點綜述】本文介紹了芬蘭一個小鎮(zhèn)的有趣的風(fēng)俗——“背老婆比賽”這個比賽的創(chuàng)想是來源于一個強盜團伙從鄰村搶婦女的練習(xí)。自從1992起，這個鎮(zhèn)上的人們就開始了這項特殊而有意思的活動。1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“TheWife-carryingWorldChampionshiphasbeencelebratedinasmalltownincentralFinlandsince1992”可以判斷出A項正確。2.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句話“Theeventiswell-knownforitswarmandhumorousatmosphere.”可以知道它是因其令人愉快的氣氛而聞名的。3.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話“Eachtimeacompetitordropshiswife,thatcouplewillbefined15seconds.”可得出答案。4.D【解析】主旨大意題。這篇文章就是通過介紹“被老婆比賽”的起源，比賽規(guī)則等讓讀者了解了芬蘭的這個民風(fēng)濃郁的活動。練習(xí)九、史地常識類

WhatisthetallestgiftreceivedbytheUnitedStates?LocatedinNewYorkHarbor,the152-footStatueofLibertywasagiftofinternationalfriendshipfromthepeopleofFrancetothepeopleoftheUnitedStates.Aninspirationtomillionsofimmigrants,thisstatueisauniversalsymboloffreedom,democracy(民主)，anddiplomacy(外交)。

TherelationshipbetweentheUnitedStantesandFrancebeganduring