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Howtheotherthree-quartersCertainlytheBritainbeyondLondonandthesouth-eastthatMrsMaywantstoconquer—callittheMayanEmpire—islesseconomicallyadvanced.IfitwereacountryitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGDPper one-tenthbelowtheEUaverage.Somepartsarealotworseoff.OntheIsleofAnglesey,inWales, eper 57%oftheEUaverage,lowerthanmostofSicily.ThegapbetweentherichestandpoorestpartsofBritainisgreaterthaninanyotherEUcountry;London’sGDPperis186%oftheEuropeanThefamiliarphenomenonofa“northsouthdivide”isthusaliveandkicking.Butdigintothedataandapuzzleemerges.TheMayanEmpire’sGDPgrowthmaybesluggish,butinrecentyearsthelotofitspeoplehasbeenimprovingfasterthanthatofpeopleinLondonandthesouth-east.Howeveryoumeasurepay—hourly,weeklyorannual,meanormedian—since2009thatoftheMayanshasgrownfasterincashtermsthanthepayofthoseintheLondonregion,incontrasttopre-crisistrends.Afterhousingcosts,Mayans’medianrealhousehold eshaveheldsteadysince2008,comparedwitha6%fallinLondon.Indeed,afterhousingcoststhe esofworking-agefolkarenowhigherinScotlandandtheeastofEnglandthantheyareinLondon.TherearemanyreasonsforMayans’relativelystrongwagegrowth.Theymayhaveexperiencedalightersqueezeonpaybecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperienceandbargainingpowerthanothers,pointsoutStephenClarkeoftheResolutionFoundation,athink- .Aboutone-quarterofemployeesareunionised,comparedwithone-fifthinLondonandthesouth-east.AndMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirrelianceonpublic-sectorjobs.Sincethecrisis,publicsectorpayhasgrownfasterthanprivate.Themostintriguingexplanationforrelativelystrongpaygrowthoutsidethecapitalconcernstechnology.InarecentspeechAndrewHaldaneoftheBankofEnglandexaminedtheeffectofautomationonwages.Asmachineshavereplacedmenandwomenacrossagrowingnumberoftasks,hesuggested,thebalanceofbargainingpowerhasswungagainstlabour,especiallylow-skilledworkers.WagegrowthcanthusbeweakevenasGDPrises.ThatprocessmaybemostpronouncedinLondonandthesouth-east.Theregionbuzzeswithinnovation;investmentinnewtechnologiesishigh.Andbecauseofthesouth-east’smonstrouslyexpensivehousing,itishardtolocatelow-value-addedactivitiesthere.Secretarialandadministrativejobsintheregionaredisappearing50%fasterthanelsewhere.Thesetrendsmaynotcontinueforlong.Public-sectorjobscouldbecut.Laboursavingtechnologymaysoonsweepacrossthecountry.Still,commonmisconceptionsabouttheBritisheconomyoutsideLondonandthesouth-eastneedsettingstraight.Outputislower,andgrowingslower,beyondthecapital.Butthe esofthethree-quartersofBritonswholivetherearecatchingupwiththoseofLondoners—andinafewplacesarealreadyWhatcanbeinferredinthefirstMayanEmpireisthethenewnameforBritianafterMaytookMayanEmpire’ssizeissimilartothatofSpain’sGDPisone-tenthbelowtheEULondon’sGDP isalmosttwiceofthatoftheEuropeanWhatisthemeaningof“sluggish”inthesecondWhatcanbeinferredinParagraphTheMayanshavemoreexperiencebecausetheyareolderthanTheseniorswon’tsufferfrompayTheproportionofunionisedemployeesinLondonislargerthanthatoftheMayanTheMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirself-AccordingtoAndrew thebalanceofbargainingpowerusedtobeforthelow-skilledmachineshavereplacedmentodotheheavydutymachinesareproducinganincreasingnumberofThethree-quartersof arethosewhoarericherthantheusedtobelookeddownuponbythemaynotsucceedincatchingupwiththesomeofwhommayhavestartledthe內(nèi)容概本文選自2016年9月17日的theEconomist《》,原文標(biāo)題為Howtheotherthree-quarterslive(其余四分之三的人如何生活。文章開頭從新首相想要征服的““國”趕超倫敦的速度將越來越快。各段大第一段:梅想要征服的“國”的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況第二段:近年來這些地區(qū)的人們的際遇比倫敦和東南地區(qū)的人們改善得快。。K12A選項(xiàng)(國是后英國得到的新名字,根據(jù)“MayanEmpire”定位到首段1句“CertainlytheBritainbeyondLondonandthesouth-eastthatMrsMaywantstoconquer—callittheMayanEmpire—islesseconomicallyadvanced.(當(dāng)然想要征服的倫敦以外的(國的面積和西班牙相當(dāng),根據(jù)Spain定位到首段2句“IfitwereacountryitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGDPper one-tenthbelowtheEUaverag.Someparsareaotorseoff.(如果組成一個(gè)國家,貧富程度會(huì)和西班牙差不多,人均GDP)可見,這里和西班牙相當(dāng)?shù)氖歉辉3潭?,而并不是面積,故排除。C選項(xiàng)(西班牙的GDP比歐盟平均水平低10%,這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng),根據(jù)Spain定位到首段2句“IfitwereacountyitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGPper one-tnthbeowtheEUverge.Someparsareaotworseoff.”里的確說道和“國”貧富程度相當(dāng)?shù)臀靼嘌馈叭司盙DP低于歐盟平均水平十分之一,然而,題設(shè)里沒有人均二字,故這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不確定的,也就是錯(cuò)誤的,故排除。D選(倫敦的人均GDP幾乎是歐洲平均水平的兩倍,根據(jù)London定位到首段末句London’sGDPper is186%oftheEuropeanaverage.(倫敦的人均GDP是歐洲平均水平的特別說明:涉及到數(shù)字,統(tǒng)計(jì)的題設(shè),一定要仔細(xì)依次比對(duì)每一個(gè)詞語,例如本題的“perWhatisthemeaningof“sluggish”inthesecondK1根據(jù)sluggish定位到二段3句TheMayanEmpire’sGDPgrowthmaybesluggish,butinrecentyearsthelotofitspeoplehasbeenimprovingfasterthanthatofpeopleinLondoneast“K2“很快”是正面表達(dá),而but又是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞,所以前面應(yīng)該填入的是一個(gè)意義詞匯,(強(qiáng)壯)K3排除B選項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)是的,而句后句么““”GDP增長可疑要能轉(zhuǎn)”的GP長能絕”故除B,C選項(xiàng)。特別注意:詞匯題在“代入排除時(shí)”,一方面考慮句子本身是否通順,一方面還考慮與上下文是否一致。WhatcanbeinferredinParagraphTheMayanshavemoreexperiencebecausetheyareolderthanTheseniorswon’tsufferfrompayTheproportionofunionisedemployeesinLondonislargerthanthatoftheMayanTheMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirself-K12A選項(xiàng)(國的人更有經(jīng)驗(yàn),因?yàn)樗麄兏螅?,根?jù)older定位到三段2句Theymayhaveexperiencedalightersqueezeonpaybecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperienceandbargainingpowerthanothers,pointsoutStephenClarkeoftheResolutionFoundation,athink-.(智囊機(jī)構(gòu)決議的·,他們往往年紀(jì)較,havemoreexperiencebecausetheyareolderthanothersbecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperience是同義替換,故正確。B選項(xiàng)(較大的人不會(huì)遭遇薪酬縮水)pay定位到三段2Theymayhaveexperiencedalightersqueezeonpaybecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperienceandbargainingpowerthanothers,pointsoutStephenClarkeoftheResolutionFoundation,athink-.(智囊機(jī)構(gòu)決議的酬縮水更為輕微原文“年紀(jì)較大經(jīng)歷的薪酬縮水更為輕微”,因此錯(cuò)誤,故排除。C選項(xiàng)(倫敦地區(qū)參加工會(huì)員工的比率比國地區(qū)的高),根據(jù)unionisedemployees定3Aboutone-quarterofemployeesareunionised,comparedwithone-fifthinLondonandthesouth-east.(約有四分之一的員工是工會(huì)成員,而倫敦和東南地區(qū)僅有五分之一)可見,倫敦地區(qū)的更低,故排除。D選項(xiàng)(國人通過靠自己來獲得保護(hù)根protected定位到三段4AndMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirrelianceon特別注意:如果選項(xiàng)的主語,賓語沒有任何的修飾成分(例如本題B選項(xiàng)的seniors,該選項(xiàng)會(huì)顯得籠統(tǒng)而絕對(duì)化,即使再接近原文也要三思(Thinktwice。AccordingtoAndrew thebalanceofbargainingpowerusedtobeforthelow-skilledmachineshavereplacedmentodotheheavydutymachinesareproducinganincreasingnumberofK1AndrewHaldane3Asmachineshavereplacedmenandwomenacrossagrowingnumberoftasks,hesuggested,thebalanceofbargainingpowerhasswungagainstlabour,especiallylow-skilledworkers.(他認(rèn)為,由于機(jī)器取代人類完成越來越多K2替換A選項(xiàng)(議價(jià)能力的平衡曾經(jīng)向低技術(shù)工人的方向傾斜,對(duì)比原文balanceofbargainingpowerhasswungagainstlabour,especiallylow-skilledworkers(議價(jià)能力的平衡已經(jīng)不再向有利于勞動(dòng)力(尤其是低技術(shù)工人)的方向傾斜。解題關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于swung(swing)一詞,字典解釋:Ifsomethingswingsorifyouswingititmovesrepeatedlybackwardsandforwardsorfromsidetosidefromafixedpoint.所以這里可以推斷,議價(jià)能力的平衡曾經(jīng)向低技術(shù)工人的方向傾斜,A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)(低技術(shù)工人需要通過學(xué)習(xí)再充電,對(duì)比原文,只是說會(huì)對(duì)低技術(shù)工人不利,還沒有提到要求其充電,這是典型的過度推測(cè)。C選項(xiàng)(機(jī)器可以替代做重體力工作,對(duì)比原文,沒有相關(guān)描述,故排除。D選項(xiàng)(機(jī)器制造出越來越多的任務(wù)),對(duì)比原文(機(jī)器取代人類完成越來越多的任務(wù),可見,機(jī)器沒有制造特別說明:swing的特殊含義,是解題要點(diǎn)。在準(zhǔn)備考研過程中,不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞,要查詞典,認(rèn)識(shí)的詞,更要查詞典。因?yàn)槌3S心悴皇煜さ牧x項(xiàng):blue天空,disk椎間盤,school魚群,學(xué)派……Thethree-quartersof arethosewhoarericherthantheusedtobelookeddownuponbythemaynotsucceedincatchingupwiththesomeofwhommayhavestartledtheK1由three-quartersofBritons定位到末段末句Butthe esofthethree-quartersofBritonswholivetherearecatchingupwiththoseofLondoners—andinafewplacesarealreadyahead.(首都之外的地區(qū)輸出更低,增長速度更慢。但那兒的四分之三的英K2A選項(xiàng)(這四分之三的英國人比倫敦人有錢,
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