高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練答案解析7

2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（4）PassageSeven(TheDevelopmentofCities)

MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysicalexpansion,itsortedoutpeopleandlanduses,anditacceleratedtheinherentinstabilityofurbanlife.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantformcitycentersthantheywereinthepremodernera.In1850,forexample,thebordersofBostonlayscarcelytwomilesfromtheoldbusinessdistrict;bytheturnofthecenturytheradiusextendedtenmiles.Nowthosewhocouldafforditcouldlivefarremovedfromtheoldcitycenterandstillcommutethereforwork,shopping,andentertainment.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920,forexample,some250,000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Overthesameperiod,another550,000wereplottedoutsidethecitylimitsbutwithinthemetropolitanarea.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyears–lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.

Ofcourse,manywereneveroccupied;therewasalwaysahugesurplusofsubdivided,butvacant,landaroundChicagoandothercities.Theseexcessesunderscoreafeatureofresidentialexpansionrelatedtothegrowthofmasstransportation:urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanned.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers.Thosewhopurchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes,particularlylandnearoroutsidecityborderswheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated,didsotocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoit.Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth.1.Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectsisthepassagemainlyconcerned?A.Typesofmasstransportation.B.Instabilityofurbanlife.C.Howsupplyanddemanddeterminelanduse.D.Theeffectofmasstransportationonurbanexpansion.2.WhydoestheauthormentionbothBostonandChicago?A.Todemonstratepositiveandnegativeeffectsofgrowth.B.Toexemplifycitieswithandwithoutmasstransportation.C.Toshowmasstransportationchangedmanycities.D.Tocontrasttheirrateofgrowth.3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasonedisadvantageofresidentialexpansion?A.Itwasexpensive.B.Ithappenedtooslowly.C.Itwasunplanned.D.Itcreatedademandforpublictransportation.4.TheauthormentionsChicagointhesecondparagraphasanexampleofacity,_______.A.thatislarge.B.thatisusedasamodelforlanddevelopment.C.wherethedevelopmentoflandexceededpopulationgrowth.D.withanexcellentmasstransportationsystem.Vocabulary

改變

結(jié)構(gòu)

催化，加速out

把……分門別類，揀選

公共汽車/馬車

（美）有軌電車，（英）無軌電車

周圍，邊緣

建筑物無計(jì)劃延伸，蔓延，四面八方散開

小片土地

強(qiáng)調(diào)，在下面劃橫線lines

運(yùn)輸線路

（出售的）小塊土地，再劃分小區(qū)寫作方法與文章大意文章論述了“公共交通從三方面改變了城市的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。”采用分類寫法。文章一開始就提出三方面：第一，促進(jìn)城市實(shí)質(zhì)性的擴(kuò)展；第二，把人和土地分民別類加以利用；第三，加速了城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。然后就是三方面的具體內(nèi)容。答案詳解公共交通運(yùn)輸對城市擴(kuò)展的影響。文章開門見山提出這一點(diǎn)“公共交通運(yùn)輸從三個(gè)根本方面改變了美國城市的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)?！焙竺嫖恼聝?nèi)容就是三方面的具體化。A.公共交通運(yùn)輸類型。B.城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。C.供需如何決定土地利用。這三項(xiàng)文中作為具體問題提到，并不是文章涉及的主要題目。說明公共交通改變了許多城市。第一段第四句“舉例說，1850年，波士頓市界離老的商業(yè)地區(qū)幾乎不到2英里，到了這世紀(jì)末，其半徑擴(kuò)至10英里?，F(xiàn)在供得起的人們可以住得很遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離老的城市中心，仍然來回去那里上班、購物和娛樂”。第七句，“舉例說，在1890至1920年期間，據(jù)記載，芝加哥市界內(nèi)有約250，000個(gè)新的住宅樓區(qū)大多數(shù)設(shè)在郊區(qū)。經(jīng)過同樣這段時(shí)期，市區(qū)外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地區(qū)內(nèi)，又計(jì)劃建造了550，000個(gè)住宅樓區(qū)?！盇.表示成長的正反兩方面效果。B.舉有無公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)某鞘袨槔?。D.對比兩者成長率；都不是本文中舉兩城市例子的目的。沒有計(jì)劃。見第二段第三句起“城市擴(kuò)展蔓延根本無計(jì)劃，好幾千個(gè)小的投資商進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，毫不考慮相互協(xié)調(diào)配合利用土地，也不考慮未來土地利用?！盇.太貴和B.太慢，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，文內(nèi)沒有提。D.它創(chuàng)造了對公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨?。這不是住宅擴(kuò)展的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，而是三個(gè)根本改變城市的一個(gè)方面。見第一段第三句：“通過大量開發(fā)未占土地?cái)U(kuò)建住宅，公共汽車、馬車、鐵路、來回火車，有軌電車把已有人定居的居住區(qū)向外擴(kuò)展了三四倍，比他們先現(xiàn)代時(shí)期的市中心更遠(yuǎn)?！保ǖ诙沃幸灾ゼ痈绯鞘欣诱f明）土地開發(fā)超過人口增長速度。答案詳見第二段“這些購買和置備土地建設(shè)住宅，特別是購置臨近城市或就在市界外的土地，搶在交通線路和中產(chǎn)階層的居民進(jìn)去之前。他們這樣做的目的是創(chuàng)造一種需求，也是響應(yīng)這種需求。芝加哥就是這種過程的典型例子。那里的房地產(chǎn)小塊土地比人口增長快得很多很多?！盇.城市大。B.用作土地開發(fā)的樣板。D.具有優(yōu)越的公共的交通系統(tǒng)。PassageEight(AntinuclearDemonstration)Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135,000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1,000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.“Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelaw,”hesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.Theycarriedplacardsthatread“NoNukesisGoodNukes,”“Sunpower,NotNuclearPower,”and“StopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.”Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolice,butrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassembly,trespassing,anddisturbingthepeace.1.Whatwerethedemonstratorsprotestingabout?A.Privateprofits.B.NuclearPowerStation.C.Theprojectofnuclearpowerconstruction.D.Publicperil.2.Whohadgas-masks?A.Everybody.B.Apartoftheprotestors.C.Policemen.D.BothBandC.3.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasareasonforthedemonstration?A.Publictransportation.B.Publicperil.C.Pollution.D.Disposalofwastes.4.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded?A.Withprisoners.B.Witharresteddemonstrators.C.Withcriminals.D.Withprotestors.5.WhatistheattitudeofGovernorStanforthThumpertowardthepowerprojectandthedemonstration?A.stubborn.B.insistent.C.insolvable.D.remissible.Vocabularygas

瓦斯resistingprotestor

不抵抗的抗議者

發(fā)起，舉行，上演up

驅(qū)散，終止

警戒線，警戒

（美俚）核武器，核電站

公然蔑視/反抗

罐，筒，榴霰彈筒

趕走

沖鋒，向前沖

非法侵入，擾亂難句譯注1.Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】句中間用inanattempt介詞短語和staged分詞使句子變長。Staged修飾demonstration?！緟⒖甲g文】星期五，再制止美國舉行過的最大的反核示威游行中，警方發(fā)放了催淚瓦斯，逮捕了5000多不拒捕的抗議者，企圖解散游行隊(duì)伍。2.

TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】主從句?！緟⒖甲g文】星期五拂曉之前，當(dāng)好幾