【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 211第一章定語(yǔ)從句課件（江蘇專用）

高頻語(yǔ)法講練第一章定語(yǔ)從句

△定語(yǔ)從句講解△一、定語(yǔ)從句的三個(gè)基本概念1．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子。2．關(guān)系詞：代替先行詞，用來(lái)連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分。3．定語(yǔ)從句：放在先行詞之后，用來(lái)修飾先行詞的句子?！纠?】Thisistheboy________wearelookingfor.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．whose答案C二、判斷關(guān)系詞的方法1．看是限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2．看先行詞指人還是指物。3．根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分。【例2】Theperson________oftencomestohelpmeismyfather.A．whoB．whomC．whatD．which答案A【例3】I'llneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，________hasagreateffectonmylaterlife.A．inwhich；that B．when；whichC．which；that D．when；who答案B三、關(guān)系詞的基本用法1．關(guān)系代詞that的用法先行詞是人或物，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)?！纠?】Thestudent________isstudyingEnglishoftengivesmebooks________Iwantverymuch.A．that；that B．which；whichC．that；what D．which；that答案A【例5】Chinaisn'tthecountry________itusedtobe.A．whichB．thatC．a(chǎn)sD．where答案B2．關(guān)系代詞which的用法先行詞是物，which在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)?！纠?】InfacttheSwededidn'tunderstandthethreequestions________wereaskedinFrench.A．whereB．whoC．inwhichD．which答案D3．關(guān)系代詞who/whom的用法先行詞是人，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom只作賓語(yǔ)?！纠?】I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

(2010·湖南)A．whoB．whereC．whenD．which答案A【例8】Doyouknowthewoman________wemetatthegate?A．whichB．whatC．whomD．where答案C4．．關(guān)系系代代詞詞whose的的用用法法先行詞詞是是人或物，whose在在從從句句中中作作定語(yǔ)。。whose＋＋n.＝＝the＋＋n.＋＋ofwhich/whom＝＝ofwhich/whom＋＋the＋＋n.【例9】Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyone________familywaspoor.A．ofwhomB．whomC．ofwhoseD．．whose答案A【例10】Pleasepassmethedictionary________coverisblack.A．ofwhichB．．whichC．ofwhoseD．．whose答案D5．關(guān)系副詞when的用法法先行詞是時(shí)間，when在在從句中作時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。【例11】That'stheday________myfatherwasborninAmerica.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．which答案B6．關(guān)系副詞where的用用法先行詞是是地點(diǎn)，where在在從句句中作作地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?！纠?2】】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber's________Igo.It'sonly15.(2010·天天津)A．a(chǎn)sB．whichC．．whereD．that答案C7．關(guān)系副副詞why的用用法先行詞是是reason，why在在從句句中作作原因因狀語(yǔ)?！纠?3】】Doyouknowthereason________hewaslatefortheparty?A．thatB．whenC．whyD．．how答案C8．關(guān)系代代詞but的用用法先行詞是否定，but本本身也也是否定且在從從句中中一般般只作作主語(yǔ)。but＝＝that...not【例14】】Intheworldthereisnoone________hasafewfaults.A．thatB．butC．．whoD．whom答案B四、定定語(yǔ)從從句的的注意意事項(xiàng)項(xiàng)1．限限制性性定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句句和非非限制制性定定語(yǔ)從從句的的比較較限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式其前無(wú)逗號(hào)其前有逗號(hào)翻譯譯在先行詞前(即：從句譯作先行詞的定語(yǔ))譯成與主句并列的一個(gè)分句(即：譯作兩句)功能修飾名詞或代詞可修飾名詞或代詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句關(guān)系詞可用that引導(dǎo)；作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞常可省不可用that引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞一律不省意義起限制作用(若被省去，原句意義不完整)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用(若被省去，原句意義不受影響)【例15】】Hehasastrangecharacter，，________makeshimhardtogetalongwith.A．whoB．．whichC．thatD．what答案B【例16】】ThatisTom'sfather________worksinChuangxin.A．whomB．whoC．．thatD．．what答案B2．注注意定定語(yǔ)從從句謂謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的的形式式關(guān)系代詞作定定語(yǔ)從句的的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞必須與與先行詞保持一致致。【例17】】Hewho________reachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．don'tB．doesn'tC．isn'tD．a(chǎn)ren't答案B下列兩種情情況須特別別注意(1)在“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)名詞”后面，定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句的謂謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)在“the(only)oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名名詞”后面，定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句的謂謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。【例18】】Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________eveningdress.(2010·全國(guó)Ⅱ)A．wearB．．wearsC．haswornD．haveworn答案B3．關(guān)系詞詞?？墒÷月缘那闆r(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制制性定語(yǔ)從從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；(2)先行行詞是某些些表示時(shí)間的名詞(如如time等)時(shí)；；(3)先行行詞theway后面的關(guān)關(guān)系詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)(可理理解為省略略關(guān)系詞that或inwhich)?！纠?9】】It'stime________wewenttoschool.A．whenB．．a(chǎn)sC．．不填D．．which答案C4．由“介詞＋whom/which”引出的定定語(yǔ)從句句介詞的選用用：(1)看介介詞和從從句中的的動(dòng)詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣慣搭配；；(2)看看介詞和和前面先行詞的習(xí)慣慣搭配；；(3)看看從句謂謂語(yǔ)部分分與前面面先行詞之間的的搭配；；(4)表表示“所所有關(guān)系系”或整整體中的的一部分分時(shí)常用用of。(注意意：該結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中的的關(guān)系代代詞一般般不用that/who，，且其中中的whom/which不可省。)【例21】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people，，manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010··浙江)A．whomB．whichC．themD．those答案A【例22】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.(2010·上海海)A．onwhichB．．bywhichC．towhichD．fromwhich答案C【例23】Isthisthedictionary________youspentfivedollars?A．towhichB．forwhichC．onwhichD．．that答案C5．先行詞指“物”時(shí)，用that一般不用用which的情況(1)先行詞是不定代詞all，，none，，little，much，everything，nothing等時(shí)；(2)先行詞詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；(3)先行詞詞被序數(shù)詞或thelast，，theonly，thevery修飾時(shí)時(shí)；(4)先行詞詞既有人又有物時(shí)；(5)關(guān)系代代詞在限制性性定語(yǔ)從句中中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。【例24】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse'sfault.(2010·全國(guó)國(guó)Ⅱ)A．whoB．thatC．a(chǎn)sD．what答案B【例25】Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschoolinthepast.A．whichB．．thatC．whomD．what答案B【例26】Shewastheonlypersoninheroffice________wasinvitedtotheball.A．whoB．thatC．whereD．．which答案A/B6．a(chǎn)s和which引導(dǎo)非非限制性定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句的比較較相同點(diǎn)：(1)先行詞都都可指代整個(gè)個(gè)主句；(2)都可可在從句中作作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。不同點(diǎn)：(1)as引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的從句可位位于句首，而which則不行；；(2)as有有“正如……”之意，而which表示示“這一點(diǎn)”。【例27】________isknowntoeveryone，，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．ItB．AsC．WhichD．What答案B【例28】Myfatherhasreturnedfromabroad，，________makesourfamilyveryhappy.A．thatB．whichC．itD．a(chǎn)s答案B7．與thesame連用用的關(guān)系詞比較thesame...as與thesame...that：：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，，前者表“同類”，后者表“同一”?！纠?9】】Tomtookawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera________helostlastweek.A．a(chǎn)sB．likeC．whichD．．that答案D8．先行詞表示示時(shí)間、地地點(diǎn)或原因因時(shí)，關(guān)系系詞用that或which的情況有時(shí)，先行行詞雖表時(shí)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)或原因，，但關(guān)系詞詞在從句中中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等而不是是作狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)，，不用when，where或why，要用that或which?！纠?0】】Icanneverforgettheday________weworkedtogetherandtheday________wespenttogether.A．when；whichB．which；whenC．what；thatD．．onwhich；when答案A【例31】】Thisisthereason________preventedusfromcoming.A．whyB．forwhichC．thatD．what答案C五、“似是而非”定語(yǔ)從句第一組①Itwasthesmallcity________Ionceworked.②Itwasinthesmallcity________Ionceworked.A．whereB．whichC．thatD．onwhich答案①A②C強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以以還原：若若將Itis/was和that/who去去掉而句中中不缺缺成分分，，結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)完整整，說(shuō)說(shuō)明明原原句句是是強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)句句型型；；若若結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)不完整整，，則則說(shuō)說(shuō)明明原原句句可可能能為為定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從從句句。。第二二組組①Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyat.②Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyather.A．．a(chǎn)sB．．likeC．．whichD．．that答案案①A②D比較such...as與與such...that：：前前者者引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的的是是定語(yǔ)從從句句，，as須須作作主語(yǔ)、、賓語(yǔ)、、表語(yǔ)等等；；后后者者引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的的是是結(jié)結(jié)果果狀語(yǔ)從從句句，，that不作成成分分。。第三三組組①Istilllive________Iwasborn.②Istillliveinthetown________Iwasborn.③Istillhaveaquestion________Iwasborn.A．whereB．．inwhichC．．A&B答案①A②C③Awhere引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句句時(shí)，，其前前須有地點(diǎn)名名詞，，where常常可用“介介詞＋＋which””取代代；where引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的從從句前前如無(wú)地點(diǎn)名名詞，，則不是定語(yǔ)從從句，，where就就不可用“介介詞＋＋which””取代代。第四組組①________isknowntoeveryone，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.②________isknowntoeveryonethatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.③________isknowntoeveryoneisthatthemoontravelsr