【公開課課件】第一部分 專題3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

Grammar第一部分

詞法篇——?jiǎng)釉~專題1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)專題2非謂語動(dòng)詞專題3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣PART

1高頻考點(diǎn)清單PART

2重溫高考真題PART

3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)專題3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣PART

4綜合演練PART1高頻考點(diǎn)清單框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.can/could和beableto的用法(1)can和beableto都表示能力，意思上沒多大區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在和過去時(shí)，而beableto則有更多的形式。但當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常不用could而用was/wereableto來表示。這時(shí)was/wereableto相當(dāng)于managedto，表示經(jīng)過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。HermothercanspeakFrench.Thewoundedmanwasstillabletogettothevillageandwassavedbythevillagersintheend.(2)can/could表示猜測(cè)“可能”，一般用于疑問句和否定句?！狢anthenewsbetrue?—Itcan’tbetrue.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocoulditbe?(3)can可以表示理論上的可能性，指常有的行為或情形，意為“有時(shí)會(huì)……”。Anybodycanmakemistakes.(4)表示請(qǐng)求、允許(表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語中常用could代替can使語氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用can)。CanIgonow?—CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?—Yes，youcan.(否定答語可用No，I’mafraidnot.)(5)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)。Howcanthatbetrue？Ican’tbelievemyeyesandears.Howcouldyoubesocareless?(6)can的特殊用法。canbut只好；can’tbut不得不；can’t...too再……也不為過，越……越好Icanbutwait.Ican’tbutwait.Youcan’tbetoopatienttothecustomers.2.may和might的用法(1)表示允許、請(qǐng)求，might比may的語氣更委婉一些?！狹ayIwatchTVnow?—Yes，youmay.(Yes，please.)—No，youmustn’t.(No，you’dbetternot.)(2)表示可能性時(shí)，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陳述句、肯定或否定句，疑問句用can代替)。Thestorymaynotbetrue.(3)表示祝愿(不用might)Mayyousucceed!(4)may/mightaswell最好還是……，不妨Youmightaswelldoitnow.(5)may/mightwell很可能Hemaywellbelateforclass.3.must，haveto和oughtto的用法(1)must①表示“必須，應(yīng)該，一定要”。強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，否定式是mustnot(mustn’t)。must開頭的問句，其否定回答要用needn’t或don’thaveto來表達(dá)。Wemustdoitnow.—MustIhandinthepapertoday?—Yes，youneed/must.—No，youneedn’t/don’thaveto.②表示必然的結(jié)果。Allmenmustdie.③還可表示主語固執(zhí)、偏要做他人不希望做的事。Itcan’thelp；hemustdothat.(2)haveto著重客觀需要，能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)(過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí))。Hewillhavetobetherebeforeten.(3)oughtto表示義務(wù)和責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)該”，比should語氣要強(qiáng)。Yououghttotakecareofyourself.4.need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑問句。在肯定句中，常用must和haveto代替。Youdon’tneedtodoitatonce.NeedIcome?(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。Idaren’taskherforarise.Dareyougohomealoneatelevenintheevening?Ifyoudarespeaktomelikethatagain，you’llbesorry.(3)need和dare的特殊用法①need表“需要”時(shí)，可用want，require代替。Thedeskneedsrepairing/toberepaired.＝Thedeskwants/requiresrepairing/toberepaired.②dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中要接to，在疑問句和否定句中to可省去。Hedarestocatchasnake.Idonotdare(to)complain.Doyoudare(to)swimintheriver?5.will和would的用法(1)will①表示請(qǐng)求、建議，常用于第二人稱。Willyoupleasegowithme?②表示意愿、決定、允許。Iwillneverdothatagain.③表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向，意為“總是，慣于”，通常用于第三人稱。Rosawillalwaysbelateforschool.(2)would①表示請(qǐng)求、建議，比will委婉，指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，多用于第二人稱。Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?②表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向。WewouldplaybadmintononSundays.6.shall和should的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人稱，在問句中表示征求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求。ShallIcomein?Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示命令、允諾或威脅。Youshalldoasyourfathersays.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.Heshallbepunished.(2)should①表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”。Youshouldlistentoyourdoctor’sadvice.②表示驚訝語氣，意為“竟然”。Youshouldwearslippersinclass.③用于條件句，表示“假如，萬一”；省去if，should可提至句首。Shouldyoubelate，apologizetotheteacher.7.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)或判斷的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)現(xiàn)在和未來的推測(cè)對(duì)過去的推測(cè)使用場合mustmust＋domusthavedone肯定句may/mightmay/might＋domay/mighthavedone肯定句、否定句can/couldcan/coulddocan/couldhavedone否定句、疑問句(could可用于肯定句)shouldshoulddoshouldhavedone肯定句、否定句、疑問句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone的用法：(1)shouldhavedone表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，而shouldn’thavedone則表示“本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Youshouldn’thavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.(2)oughttohavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，而oughtnottohavedone則意為“本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。Yououghttohavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Yououghtnottohavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.(3)needn’thavedone表示“本無必要做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。Youneedn’thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.(4)couldhavedone表示“本來有可能做某事而事實(shí)上未做到”。Icouldhavecomeontime，butmycarbrokedownontheway.(5)may/mighthavedone表示“過去可能發(fā)生過某事”或“本來應(yīng)該/可以做某事(實(shí)際上沒做)”。Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp，butyouweresobusy.虛擬語氣的核心考點(diǎn)1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)，而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。IfIwereyou，Iwouldbuythathouse.Ifhehadtime，heshouldgowithyou.(2)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用“would/should/might/could＋have＋過去分詞”。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice，hewouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexamination.(3)表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或“should/wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形”，而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用“would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow，thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.(4)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。Iftheyhadworkedhard，theywouldbeverytirednow.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)2.虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句(1)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。①“wish＋賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是……就好了”。表示現(xiàn)在沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had＋過去分詞”。Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.②在表示“建議、要求、命令”等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperatedon.(2)虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。表示“建議、要求、命令”等的名詞，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等，其后的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars.(3)虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。在主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信或理應(yīng)如此等。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity/ashamethatyou(should)besocareless.Itwillbedesiredthatshe(should)finishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣；反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述語氣。Itisapitythatyoucan’tswim.3.虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用(1)虛擬語氣在asif/though，evenif/though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時(shí)；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)；指將來狀況，則用would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。Hespokeasifhehadknownit.Youlookasifyoudidn’tcare.Evenifshewerehere，shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(2)虛擬語氣用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)...”中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(be用were)或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should不可省略，意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……”。It’stimethatIpickedup/shouldpickupmydaughter.(3)虛擬語氣用在ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬用一般過去時(shí)(be用were)；對(duì)過去的虛擬用過去完成時(shí)。IfonlyIwereapilot.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.(4)虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運(yùn)用。①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor?②用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Iwouldrathernottellyou.(5)wouldrather虛擬語氣的用法。wouldrathersb.

didsth.

是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬；wouldrathersb.

haddonesth.

是對(duì)過去的虛擬。書面表達(dá)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦1.表達(dá)的單調(diào)性例如在寫一封回信向好友表達(dá)建議時(shí)，重復(fù)使用Youshould...既顯得單調(diào)，同時(shí)強(qiáng)硬的語氣影響了交際效果。我們可以靈活多樣地表達(dá)建議，如You’dbetter.../Youmightaswell.../Whynot...？等。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞搭配錯(cuò)誤(誤)You’dnotbetterquarrelwithyourneighborswhateverhappens.(正)You’dbetternotquarrelwithyourneighborswhateverhappens.—NeedItellhimeverythingthathashappenedtohisfather？(誤)—Yes，youneed.(正)—Yes，youmust.(誤)TheKingwassohot-temperedthatnoonedaredtellhimthebadnews.(正)TheKingwassohot-temperedthatnoonedare(daredto)tellhimthebadnews.PART2重溫高考真題Ⅰ.單句語法填空Ican’tfindmypurse.I

(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday，butI’mnotsure.(2018·天津)答案解析解析句意為：我找不到我的錢包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市里了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知，是對(duì)過去發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)，故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”，再根據(jù)后句butI’mnotsure可知，此推測(cè)為不能肯定的推測(cè)，故用could/mighthavedone。could/might

have

leftⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Asakid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnottoletme.(2018·全國Ⅱ)答案解析解析would(not)表示“意愿”時(shí)后面直接跟動(dòng)詞原形，故把to刪除。12342.Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.(2016·浙江)答案解析解析根據(jù)語境可知，此處是描述的過去的一種習(xí)慣，故用woulddo表示“過去常常做”。wouldhavedone表示對(duì)過去事情的假設(shè)，意為“本來會(huì)做”。12343.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.(2016·全國Ⅱ)或Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.答案解析解析suggest表示“建議”時(shí)，后面的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用shoulddo形式，should可以省略，故答案有兩種改法。should12344.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.(2015·全國Ⅰ)find解析情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面要接動(dòng)詞原形。1234答案解析PART3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Idon’tknowwheresheis；she

beinWuhan.2.Theroadiswet.It

haverainedlastnight.3.You

bepunishedifyoucheatintheexam.4.Don’tworry.I’vejustsentanambulancetoyou.They

bethereanysecond.5.I

havegonetotheschoollibrary，butitrainedheavily，soIdidnot.查看答案maymustshouldshall題組一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞集訓(xùn)shouldⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Youhadbetternottohavestayedthere，butyoudid.2.Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile，IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoyslast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.3.Ihavebeenpractisingforthreeweeksnow，butIstillcouldn’tgetusedtoit—infact，I’venearlykilledthreepeople.could/might查看答案could/might4.Thankyouforallyouhavedoneforme.Mom，thoughImayoftensayit，Idoloveyou.5.Judgingfromwhatyousaid，heoughtsucceed.∧not查看答案∧toⅠ.單句語法填空1.Hewalkedinasifhe

(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.2.Ifyou

(tell)methenewsyesterday，Iwouldn’tbesoworriednow.3.Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfI

(have)time，Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.4.Hewasverybusyyesterday；otherwisehe

(come)totheparty.查看答案had

boughthadhad

told題組二虛擬語氣集訓(xùn)would

have

come5.It’stimethatourgovernment

(take)measurestoimprovethequalityofthebuildings.6.MrLiinsistedthatthesportsmeeting

(put)offbecauseofthebadweather.查看答案took/should

take(should)

be

putⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.IfIwas10yearsyounger，Iwouldstartalloveragain.2.Ifwehadenoughrainlastyear，wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.3.WasItobeateacherinthefuture，firstofall，Iwouldtrymybesttogivestudentslessons.were查看答案Were∧had4.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry，butI’dratherhefocusesmoreonitsculture.5.Thechairmandemandedthatpeoplepresentmadeeveryefforttoprotectthepolarbearagainstdyingout.focused查看答案make查看答案Ⅲ.語法填空(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣專練)Lucyisanoutgoinglady.She1.

playmanykindsofmusicalinstruments.Actually，she2.

playthepianowhenshewas8yearsold.Lucyalsokeepstakingexerciseeveryday.Shesaysthatshehastodosomesportsbecauseshe3.

keepslim.“You4.

getfatsoonifyoudon’ttakeexerciseeveryday.”Sheusuallysaystoherfriends.Asforher，anelegantladyshouldtrytokeepfit.However，lastweek，shefoundthatshe5.

putonweightandherhusbandsuggestedthatshe6.

loseweight.Andthesedaysshe’dratherthatshe7.

(take)moreexerciseeveryday.However，sheisalwayslackingintimebecauseshehastotakecareofherchildren.cancouldmustshallmightshouldtookOnenightaftersupper，shewalkedquicklyinordertogodancingattheTomorrowParkandshewaslate.Onherway，shethoughtthatthedancingmust8.

(begin)，andthecoach9.

havetaughtorshownmanynewmoves.Shewasafraidthatherfriendsmight10.

(leave)beforeshegotthere.Shewasregretfulthen.She11.

havehadsupperearlier，orshecouldhavetakenataxi，andindeedsheneedn’t12.

(take)abathinadvance.Whenshereachedtheparkfinally，shefoundnobodywasthere.Sherememberedsuddenlythatithadbeenreportedontheradiothattherewouldbeaheavyrainthatnight.查看答案have

beguncouldhave

leftshouldhave

takenPART4綜合演練詞法篇——?jiǎng)釉~Ⅰ.單句語法填空(一)1.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway，she

(fall)overthehillanddied.2.Nervousandanxious，Jillfailed

(make)agoodimpressionatthejobinterview.3.Theyoungfirefighterinsistedthathe

(be)well-preparedandshouldbesenttheretoputoutthefire.4.Asthedeadlineisdrawingnear，noone

leavewithhisownworkuncompleted.查看答案fellto

makeshallwas5.I

(watch)TValoneinthelivingroomwhenIsuddenlyheardacrackupstairs.6.Tohissurprise，Jackfoundhisson

(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve.7.Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymother

takemetoDisneylandatweekends.8.Atayoungage，he

(move)toSpainandnowplaysprofessionallyfortheFCBarcelona.查看答案was

watchingdressedmovedwould9.

(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus，you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.10.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation，orthey

(come)toourhelp.11.AccordingtoCharlesKeeling，theamountofcarbondioxide__________(increase)sharplyandsteadilyoverthefortyyearsbetween1957and1997.12.YoubegintounderstandhowChinesespeakershavetheirthoughts

(organize)，andhowtheyunderstandthings.查看答案To

makewould

have

comeorganizedincreased13.Itisrequiredbylawthatadrivingtest

(take)beforeamangetsalicense.14.Whenyouphonedme，Iwashavingameeting；howIwishI____________(answer)yourcall.15.Theymadeuptheirmindsthatthey

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