高中英語 虛擬語氣的用法課件 新人教版

SubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣松原市九洲教育輔導(dǎo)學(xué)校姜文生虛擬條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)主語+should,would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形如果我有時(shí)間，我就參加會(huì)議IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.如果我是你，我就會(huì)抓住去國外的機(jī)遇IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechancetogoabroad.

如果我是你，我就呆在家里IfIwereyou,Ishouldstayathome.

如果農(nóng)民自己種地，糧食產(chǎn)量就會(huì)高

Ifthepeasantscouldfarmthelandthemselves,foodproductionwouldbemuchhigher.

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如果少種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，能產(chǎn)更多的糧食Iffewercashcropsweregrown,morefoodcouldbeproducedandtherewouldbelessornostarvation與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+should,would,could,might+have+過去分詞如果你聽我的勸告，你考試就不能不及格Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.如果你要是昨天來，你就見到他了Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.

如果颶風(fēng)發(fā)生在白天，會(huì)有更多的死亡Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime,therewouldhavebeenmanydeaths.

與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)①If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式②If+主語+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形③If+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語+should,would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形如果你明天來，我們就開會(huì)了Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將推遲Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.如果他明天不能來，我們應(yīng)該把會(huì)議推遲到下周一Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.如果你明天來，我們就開會(huì)Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.

如果明天下雨，莊稼就有救了Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句：有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致（表示錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語氣），這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你當(dāng)初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。以上句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式:①從句省略if,用倒裝句式"were,had,should+主語“。IfIwereinschoolagain,Iwouldwoekharder.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Ifyouhadbeenhereeralier,youwouldhaveseenhimHadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Ifthereshouldbeameetingtomorrow,IwouldcomeShouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.Ifheshouldcome,tellhimtoringmeupShouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.IfIwereyou,IwouldnotdoitWereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.含蓄條件句：句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用某他手段或方式來暗示存在虛擬條件。其虛擬的結(jié)構(gòu)形式通過主句來表現(xiàn)。常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的方式有：（1）介詞或介詞短語（代替狀語從句）：butfor（要不是…），without（假若沒有…），with（假若有…）沒有你的幫助，我就不能成功Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.

Withyourhelp，Icouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.

如果有你的幫助的話，我本可以提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Withoutairorwater，therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果沒有空氣和水，地球上就不會(huì)存在生物。Butfortherain，weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.如果不是因?yàn)橄掠?，旅途?huì)很愉快。Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?如果有了一百萬美元，你會(huì)做什么？用or，otherwise(否則)，等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞他打電話通知我你的生日，否則我還啥都不知道Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.那天我生病了。不然的話，我會(huì)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise，Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.根據(jù)上下文語境來表示某種假設(shè)情況Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemetheratthestation.

早來五分鐘的話，你就能在車站見到他了。你可以做的更好，但你沒盡力Youcouldhavedonebetter，butyoudidn’ttryyoubest.省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時(shí)可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。（1）省去條件從句。如:Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事實(shí)是:你自己沒洗衣服，因?yàn)槟悴幌胂础?2）省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實(shí)是:祖母已不在世。)；Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒走就好了!(事實(shí)是:她已經(jīng)走了由ifonly（要是……，那該多好啊?。㊣fonlyIhadpassedthetest！

Ifonlyitstoppedraining！比較ifonly與onlyifonlyif表示"只有"；ifonly則表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語氣。

Iwakeup__________thealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。

___________thealarmclockhadrung.

當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了，就好了。

___________hecomesearly.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來。onlyifIfonlyIfonly在含有ifitwerenotfor或ifithadnotbeenfor條件句的虛擬語氣中.如:Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie

Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime

在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣相同。在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用法：注：asif/asthough從句中不一定都要用虛擬語氣。如果情況真實(shí)性、可能性很大，就要用正常時(shí)態(tài)來描繪。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起來象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）如果表示非真實(shí)情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,其謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬式相同。如：

1）Themanspeaksasifhewereaforeigner.2）Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.虛擬語氣的其他用法(be用were)或“had十過去分詞”。如:他對(duì)待我就好像我是陌生人似的HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.

她談?wù)撨@部電影好像她真的看過似的Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.注:如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。wish賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)（be多用于were）would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形賓語從句（1）wish后的賓語從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,用were或動(dòng)詞的一般過我希望她在這Iwishshewerehere.

與過去事實(shí)相反,用had+過去分詞;我希望她當(dāng)時(shí)聽我的勸告

Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形,后的從句不能用should.我希望你明天和我去

Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow(2)表示要求,命令,建議的賓語從句的虛擬語氣一個(gè)堅(jiān)持______________兩個(gè)命令______________三個(gè)建議__________________________四個(gè)要求__________________________

insistorder,command

advise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。從句中的動(dòng)詞使用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形醫(yī)生建議他應(yīng)該減肥Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.他堅(jiān)持我們應(yīng)該告訴他這個(gè)消息Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.我要求他馬上回答這個(gè)問題Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately注意:當(dāng)suggest表示暗示,表明時(shí),不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣.如:Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshewassatisfiedwithourwork.

當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”之意時(shí),不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣.表示“堅(jiān)持要求，堅(jiān)持主張”用虛擬語氣。如:1.Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthatshe______(send)tohospitalsatonce.wasbesent2.Hesuggestedthatwe____(have)ameetingatonce.3.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe___(be)ill.havewasIwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.Iwouldrather___________________.我寧愿他們明天來。

Themanagerwouldratherthathissecretary_______________________________.經(jīng)理寧愿他的秘書代替他去開會(huì)。

wouldratherthat與過去事實(shí)相反

過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反

過去時(shí)theycametomorrowwenttothemeetinginsteadofhimwouldratherhadrather后的賓語從句I'dratheryouhadbeenpresent.

虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法：如:Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每個(gè)成員知道這些規(guī)則。Should在此類句型中可理解為表示“應(yīng)該，必須”或“驚訝、遺憾，不以為然”等語氣。此類的形容詞或名詞三種：①形容某件應(yīng)該做的事是“必需的”、“重要的”、“適當(dāng)?shù)摹薄ⅰ白匀坏摹?、“緊迫的”等。如：important，necessary，unnecessary，strange，natural，possible，impossible，fortunate，advisable，desirable，essential。②形容某件居然發(fā)生的事令人“驚訝的”“失望的”“可怕的”“好笑的”等。如：surprising，amazing，pleasing，dreadful，funny③表明某事是一種遺憾。如：apity，ashame，nowanderItis(was)suggested(desired,ordered,required,proposed,etc.)that…他對(duì)父母竟然會(huì)那樣真是太奇怪了It’sstrangethatheshouldhaveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.（竟然會(huì)）她居然會(huì)勝過母親真是令人驚奇It’ssurprising/amazing/pleasing/thatshe(should)winoverhermother.（居然會(huì)）他竟然會(huì)離開不告訴我們It’sstrangethathe(should)leavewithouttellingus.

(竟然會(huì))他會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤很自然It’snaturalthatsheshouldmakesuchamistake.（不以為然的語氣，“會(huì)”）很遺憾我們隊(duì)會(huì)輸It’sapity/ashame/nowonderthatourteamshouldlosethegame.（遺憾或不以為然的語氣，竟“會(huì)”）Itisstrangethat_______________________.他居然會(huì)這樣說，真是奇怪。

Itisagreatpitythat___________________.他居然會(huì)這樣想，真是一件憾事。

Itisnaturalthat___________________________.鳥在樹上安歇是很自然的。

Itisnecessarythat___________________________.he(should)saysohe(should)thinksoabird(should)restintreeshebesenttoBeijingrightaway（It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Itisorderedthatallthetroops(should)withdrawthreemilesaway.根據(jù)命令，所有部隊(duì)撤至三英哩以外。Itisarrangedthathe_____________________.照安排，他星期五動(dòng)身去加拿大。Itissuggestedthat___________________________________________.有人建議，英語晚會(huì)周六舉行。leaveforCanadaonFridaytheEnglisheveningbeheldonSaturday

在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision,demand,request等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中，要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用(should)＋原形動(dòng)詞。另外連接從句的that不能省略。例：我的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上去那里Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）gothereatonce.

Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe（should）putonaplayattheEnglishevening?

2.表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣

我的主語是我們應(yīng)該讓更多的人開會(huì)Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

我提議我們應(yīng)該下周開個(gè)會(huì)Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.

Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.

Itishightimethat__________________.該是我們吃午飯的時(shí)候了。Itistimethat______________________.該是他作出決定的時(shí)候了。Itis(high)timethat

wehadourlunchhemadeuphismind虛擬語氣的其它用法

在英語中，一些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、勸告、愿望、祈禱、祝?；蛟{咒的句子，也需要使用虛擬語氣。如：

Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere？

Mayyoubelucky！

LonglivethepeopleofChina！

Godsaveme.

incase，forfearthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，表示“唯恐，以免”，謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語氣。Shetooktheraincoatwithherincasesheshouldbecaughtinrain.

Thestudentisworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfailtopasstheexam.在inorderthat或sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞多用“could或might（有時(shí)也用should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:格林啥的慢為了學(xué)生能聽清MrGreenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould(might)end，hope，want，plan，mean等表示“希望、想法、意圖”，常用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)或不定式的完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。Ihadmeanttogototheparty，butIhadtoworkextrahourstoprepareaspeech.Iintendedtohavehelpedyou，butIwasverybusyatthetime.Multiplechoices1.Itwasurgentthathe_________herimmediately.A.callsB.calledC.callD.wouldcall2.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.mustbedoneB.wasdoneC.bedoneD.weredone3.