專題 17 主旨大意題

專題17主旨大意題之寫作意圖技法指導(dǎo)寫作意圖題要求考生在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上明白作者的言外之意，找到作者的寫作意圖。題干中常有purpose,inorderto等詞。不同體裁文章的寫作意圖不同。故事類記敘文的目的通常是娛樂(lè)讀者(toentertain)；廣告類應(yīng)用文的目的一般是推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)(toadvertise)；議論文的目的是要闡述論點(diǎn)(toargue/persuade)；科普、文化類說(shuō)明文的目的大多是介紹知識(shí)(toinform)。推斷寫作意圖的兩種方法：一是主旨推斷法：根據(jù)文章或段落的主旨推斷作者的寫作意圖。二是文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點(diǎn)來(lái)推斷。精練必刷題AChildrenreallyneedtoknowsomebasicfirstaidskills.Thisistruewhetheryourchildisfourorfourteen.Sowhatshouldyouteachyourchildren?CallingforhelpOnceyourchildreachestheageoffour,heshouldknowallaboutcalling911intheeventofanemergenc.Explainallaboutwhatarealemergencyis.Forexample,heshouldcall911ifanadultaskshimto,ifanadultpassesoutandcannotbewoken,ifthereisafireandhecan'tfindanadult,orifpeoplearehurt.AsIamtypingthis,Ijustrealizedthatalthoughmykidsaretaughtabout911,thetelephonesinthehouseareoutofreachforallbutmyoldestchild(topreventtheothertwofromplayingwiththephone).Don'tmakethismistakeyourself,oryourchildrenwouldn'tgetintouchwiththepoliceintime.Cutsandscrapes(擦傷)Teachchildrenaboutbasiccareforcutsandscrapes.Inmyhouse,thekidsallknowthatcutsmustbecleanedandknowwherethebandagesare.Theyalsoknowhowtoputpressureonacuttomakeitstopbleeding.Ofcoursetheyshouldaskanadultforhelp,buttheyshouldalsoknowabitaboutselfcare.Believeitornot,Ihadtohelpateenageneighboroncewhohadnoideawhattodowhenhecuthishandonbrokenglass.Hejustranaroundinacircle.BurnsTellyourchildthatifheevergetsaburn,heshouldimmediatelycallforhelpandthenrunthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn.Gettingaburncooleddownquicklycanreducethedamagetotheskin.Thisisimportantifnoadultiswithyourchildwhenaburnoccurs.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thismistake”referto?A．Lettingkidsplaywiththephone.B．Stoppingkidsfromusingthephone.C．Nottellingkidstocall911.

D．Keepingthephoneoutofkids'reach.2．Whatdoestheexampleoftheauthor'steenageneighbormainlytellus?A．Gettinghelpisveryimportant.B．Eventeenagerscancuttheirhands.C．Notallteenagersaregoodatselfcare.D．Weshouldbepreparedtohelpothers.3．Whatshouldwedoifwegetaburn?A．Lookforthebandages.B．Putsomeiceontheburn.C．Cooltheburnunderwater.D．Waitforrescuerspatiently.4．What'sthetextmainlyfor?B．Parents.DB．Parents.D．Students.C．Teachers.BIgrewupinBensonhurst,Brooklyn.Whentheholidaydecorationswentup,therewerehousesonmyblockwithtreeslitupforChristmasinfrontyardsandbehindlivingroomwindows.IwasborninaJewishfamily.EventhoughIreceivedeightpresentsforHanukkah（aneight-dayJewishholidayinNovemberorDecember）,itjustwasn'tfair.Myfriendshadbeautifultreeswithlightsandpresentsbroughtbyamaninaredsuit.Ididn'thaveatree,andIlivedinanapartmentbuilding,soIhadnochimney（煙囪）．Thatyear,someneighborsboughtaChristmastree,butitwastootallfortheirlivingroom.Theycutoffthetopand,knowingIwantedtocelebrateChristmas,gavethetoptomyfamily.Aftermyparentsfellasleep,Iopenedawindowinourapartment.IimaginedSantacouldparkhissleigh（雪橇）onourfireescape.WhenIwokeupthenextmorning,thewindowwasclosedandSantahaddeliveredapresent.Ican'tevenrememberwhatitwas,butmymemoryofthemorninglasts.MyrelationshipwithSantatookabreakuntilmydaughter,Amanda,wasbornin1992.MywifeandIsawnoreasontodeprive（剝奪）herofmeetingSanta.In1998,afriendofmineportrayed（扮演）SantaattheSouthStreetSeaportinManhattan.Hetoldmetostopbywithmywifeanddaughter,andaskedfortheirnamesinadvancesohecouldgreetthem.Whenhesawusattheseaport,hegreetedusbyournames.Mydaughter'smouthopenedwideandshepulledback.Maybeshewastooyoungtoappreciatethis.Butotherfamilieswaitingtoseehimseemeddelightedbyhisappearanceandthegiftshebrought.MytwochildrenarenowgrownupanddonotvisitSanta,andwedonothaveaChristmastree,yetourfamilystillenjoystheholiday.OnChristmasEve,inthespiritofthenight,weleaveaplateofmyfavoritecookiesonthekitchentableinhopesSantawillleaveapresent.5．Whatwastheyoungauthor'swish?A．ReceivingmanypresentsatHanukkah.B．VisitinghisfriendsatChristmas.C．CelebratingChristmasathome.D．Livinginahousewithatree.6．Whydidtheauthoropenawindowthatnight?A．ToletSantadeliveragift.B．Hisparentsaskedhimtodoso.C．HisChristmastreewastootall.D．ToenjoyaChristmasnightscene.7．WhatmadeAmandapullback?A．MeetingmanypeopleinSanta'sclothes.B．BeinggreetedbySantabyname.C．Recognizingherfather'sfriend.D．ReceivinggiftsfromSanta.8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TobringbackhisChristmasmemories.B．Toshowhisgreatloveofholidays.C．Tosharehisfamilytraditions.D．TointroduceJewishcustoms.CParisisthecityofdreams,thecityoflove.IfyouarethinkingofheadingtoParisforastudyperiod,thenperhapsalittlerealitycheckisinorder.Butmyexperiencewasaromanticone.IpavedmypathtoParisthroughanexchangeprogram.OnarrivalinParis,IwasconstantlyremindedoftheofficialprocessesIwasrequiredtocomplete—formstobefilledin,meetingstoattend,thelistseemedendless.Perhapsitwasduetomywellorganizationalhabit,butsomehowthisendlesslistofto-do'swascompletedinlittlemorethanaweek.Thentherealworkbegan.Onceclasseswereunderwa,Ifoundmyselfvolunteeringtodooralpresentationsandassignmentsfirst,ratherthanlast.Thismethodprovedtobeveryhelpful.OnceIhadfinishedclassfortheweek,Ihadanever-increasinglistofmuseumstovisit,neighborhoodstoexplore,andcafestositinandparkstorunaround.ReadasmanybooksaboutParisasyoucan.Talktoasmanylocalsandotherforeignerslivingthereasyoucan.ButtheonethingthatreadingabookortalkingtosomeonecannotdoistoprovideyouwiththeexperienceofwanderingParisonfoot.IdiscoveredsomeofmyfavoriteplacesinParisbywandering.Thepeoplewatching,thesoundsofthecity,thecolorsastheseasonschange,theyalladdtotheecstasythatIexperiencedinParisasanexchangestudent.Afterspendingfivemonthswanderingthroughthecharmingneighborhoods,Ifellinlovewiththeatmospherethatcameoutfromeveryopendoor,andwitheveryspokenword.ThereissomethingcomfortingaboutwalkingtothemarketeachSundaytobefacedwiththebeautifuldisplayoffruits,vegetablesanddairyproducts.Thereiswarmthinsayingbonjourtothepassers-by.OnmylastdayinParis,Iconfidentlysaid,“BonjourMonsieur,”asIpassedthelittlestoredownthestreet.IguessnomatterhowhardItriedIwasalwaysgoingtobeanoutsider,atourist.ThebestpartaboutgoingonexchangeinParisisfallinginlovewiththecityinyourownway.Everyone'sexperienceofParisisdifferent.Iknowmineisuniqueandspecialtome,myownlittlepiecesofParis.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ecstasy”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Courage. B．Imagination.C．Happiness. D．Reputation.．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Anexchangestudent'slife.B．Charmingneighborhoods.C．Anexchangeprogram.D．Atravelingexperience.．Beyondreadingbooks,whichexperiencewouldtheauthortreasuremost?A．Enjoyingcoffeeinhissparetime.B．GreetingpeopleinFrenchinthestreet.C．Buyingvegetablesinthemarket.D．HangingaroundinParis.．Accordingtothepassage,whatlefttheauthorthedeepestimpression?A．ThefriendlypeoplehemetinParis.B．Thespecialcultureheexperiencedinthecity.C．Theacademicachievementhemadeinhisstudy.D．Thepresentationsandassignmentshedidinclass.答案：A語(yǔ)篇解讀： 本文為說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述父母該如何教孩子們一些急救措施。解析：選D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“...areoutofreachforallbutmyoldestchild”可知，畫線部分是指不讓小孩接觸電話這一錯(cuò)誤。解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Believeitornot...justranaroundinacircle.”可知，這個(gè)例子表明有些青少年還不知道怎么采取急救措施來(lái)照顧好自己。解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段的"...runthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn"可知應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中出現(xiàn)的“Onceyourchild,Teachchildren"以及“Tellyourchild”可知本文是針對(duì)父母寫的。詞匯積累：somebasicfirstaidskills一些基本的急救技能callfor為…叫喊;要求；需要；提倡；邀請(qǐng)emergencyn.緊急情況；突發(fā)事件；非常時(shí)刻passesout昏倒typevt.打字outofreach夠不著getintouchwith與…聯(lián)系；和…接觸intime及時(shí)；適時(shí)bandagen.繃帶putpressureon施加壓力于makeit（病痛等）好轉(zhuǎn)；達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)；及時(shí)抵達(dá)；走完路程bleedvi.流血；abit一點(diǎn)兒；有一點(diǎn)兒believeitornot信不信由你havenoidea不知道runaround到處跑burnn.灼傷，燒傷cooldown冷卻occurvi.發(fā)生；referto指的是keep…outof阻止reachn.范圍notall并非所有的bepreparedto準(zhǔn)備好burnn.灼傷，燒傷B語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在文中記述了自己對(duì)圣誕節(jié)的回憶。解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“EventhoughIreceived...itjustwasn'tfair"及第二段中的“knowingIwantedtocelebrateChristmas"可知，少時(shí)的作者期待自己在家慶祝圣誕節(jié)。解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ilivedinanapartmentbuilding,soIhadnochimney（煙囪）"及第二段中的“Iopenedawindow...andSantahaddeliveredapresent"可知，作者小時(shí)候住在公寓樓里，沒有煙囪，打開窗戶是為了解決沒有煙囪的問(wèn)題，以方便圣誕老人送禮物。解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenhesawusattheseaport,hegreetedusbyournames...Maybeshewastooyoungtoappreciatethis”可知，作者的女兒當(dāng)時(shí)年齡尚小，聽到圣誕老人竟能叫出自己的名字，非常吃驚。解析：選A寫作意圖題。作者在文中回憶了自己少年時(shí)代對(duì)圣誕節(jié)的憧憬、為人父之后和孩子一起慶祝圣誕節(jié)的情形以及現(xiàn)在孩子長(zhǎng)大成人后，一家人雖然不慶祝圣誕節(jié)，但仍享受節(jié)日的快樂(lè)，作者寫作此文是為了喚起對(duì)圣誕節(jié)的回憶。詞匯積累：growup成長(zhǎng)decorationn.裝飾，裝潢；裝飾品；獎(jiǎng)?wù)耾nmyblock在我的街區(qū)lightup點(diǎn)火,點(diǎn)燈light過(guò)去式:lighted或lit;過(guò)去分詞:1ighted或lit;fairadj.公平的fallasleep睡著了；入睡Santan.圣誕老人parkvt.停放fireescape太平梯，太平門；安全出口inadvanceadv.預(yù)先，提前seaportn.海港；港口都市appreciatevt.欣賞；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)；鑒別appearancen.出現(xiàn)，露面onChristmasEve在平安夜inthespiritof 本著……的精神delivervt.遞送bringback使…回憶起來(lái)C［分析］本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為一名交換生在巴黎的所見所聞，內(nèi)心感受等。C［詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)作者對(duì)在巴黎街上漫步的喜愛及第四段中的“Thepeoplewatching,thesoundsofthecity,thecolorsastheseasonschange,theyalladdtotheecstasythatIexperiencedinParisasanexchangestudent”可知，人們的注視，城市的聲音，季節(jié)變化時(shí)的色彩，都增加了作者作為交換生體驗(yàn)巴黎的喜悅。由此推知，劃線詞的意思是“快樂(lè)，幸福”。］［錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析］其他選項(xiàng)和本文描述的作者情緒狀態(tài)沒有關(guān)聯(lián)。A.Courage.勇氣；B.Imagination.想象力；D．Reputation.聲譽(yù)。A［主旨大意題。首段點(diǎn)題類文章。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butmyexperiencewasaromanticone.IpavedmypathtoParisthroughanexchangeprogram"可知，作者作為一名交換生來(lái)到巴黎，他認(rèn)為自己的巴黎之行非常浪漫。從第二段到最后，文章詳細(xì)敘述了作者在巴黎的所見所聞，內(nèi)心感受等。故整篇文章講述的是一個(gè)交換生在巴黎的經(jīng)歷。］［錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析］易錯(cuò)選C或者D。D項(xiàng)表示“一個(gè)交換生項(xiàng)目”，但本文并不是介紹交換生項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容的。D項(xiàng)表示“一次旅行經(jīng)歷”，本文后面內(nèi)容雖然也與此相關(guān)，但前面內(nèi)容是關(guān)于我作為交流生做的一些其他事情以及在課堂的學(xué)習(xí)情況，因此D項(xiàng)不夠全面。D［推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息beyondreadingbooks,定位到第四段中的“TheonethingthatreadingabookortalkingtosomeonecannotdoistoprovideyouwiththeexperienceofwanderingParisonfoot.IdiscoveredsomeofmyfavoriteplacesinParisbywandering”可知，讀書以及和人交談無(wú)法提供步行在巴黎閑逛帶給你的體驗(yàn)。通過(guò)