初三定語(yǔ)從句講解

.\初三定語(yǔ)從句講解三、定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)概要.在復(fù)合句(包括主句和從句)中，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在被修飾的詞之后，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。如：Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人是賣蔬菜的。YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.你必須做我所做的一切。.由that,which,who(whom)等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞可在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。通常which指事物，who指人(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom),that既可指人也可指物。但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別：A.定語(yǔ)從句須用that引導(dǎo)的情況：(1)先行詞是all,much,little,none,no,any,some等不定代詞或由no-,any-,every-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞。如：Allthatisworthdoingshouldbedonewell一切值得做的事都應(yīng)該做好。ThereislittlemoneythatIcanspendonbooks我?guī)缀鯚o(wú)錢買書。Everythingwesawinthemuseumgreatinterestedus.我們?cè)诓┪镳^里看到的每一件事情都使我們很感興趣。(2)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等詞修飾時(shí)。如：Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助于警察。ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課。⑶先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如:.\Wewillneverforgetthefirstlesson(that)ourchemistryteachergaveus.化學(xué)教師上的第一課我們永遠(yuǎn)難忘。ThisisthefirsttripthatIhavemadeinmylife.這是我有生以來第一次出行。(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：ThemostdifficultproblemthatImetwithishowtogetenoughmoneytobuythesebooks.我遇到的最困難的問題就是怎樣得到足夠多的錢把這些書買下來。ThisisthebestdictionarythatI’veeverbought.這是我所買的最好的字典。Thisisthebiggestlabthatwehaveeverbuiltinourschool.這是我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)興建的最大的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。⑸先行詞同時(shí)包含人和事物時(shí)。如：Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwerememberedintheschoolforhalfanhour.我們談?wù)摿税胄r(shí)我們所記得的學(xué)校里的人和事。Thevisitorspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheperformances(that)theysawattheChildren,sPalace來賓們高度評(píng)價(jià)他們?cè)谏倌陮m見到的孩子們及其表演。(6)當(dāng)主句為who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，習(xí)慣上多用that。如：WhichofusthatknowsanyEnglishdoesn,tknowthemeaningofUFO?我們懂英語(yǔ)的人中誰(shuí)不知道UFO的意思？(7)被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that。例如：Tomisnottheboy(that)heusedtobe.湯姆已不是過去的那個(gè)男孩了。.\Thatisagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.這是本對(duì)你很有幫助的書。Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.我的故鄉(xiāng)已不再是過去的那個(gè)樣子了。(8)當(dāng)主句以Therebe開頭時(shí)。如：ThereissomethingthatImustdealwithrightnow我有事情必須馬上處理。Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.角落里仍有一個(gè)空位子。B.定語(yǔ)從句須用which引導(dǎo)的情況：(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。如：Let,sdiscussthequestion,whichweareinterestedin.咱們討論一下這個(gè)問題，這個(gè)問題我們大家都很感興趣。(2)在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且直接置于介詞之后時(shí)。如：Hishouse,forwhichhepaid10,000yuantenyearsago,isnowworth30,000yuan.他的房子現(xiàn)在值三萬(wàn)元，十年前他是花一萬(wàn)元買的。C.定語(yǔ)從句須用who(whom)引導(dǎo)的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞all,any和afew指人時(shí)。如：Anywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished任何人犯了法都會(huì)受到懲罰。(2)先行詞為that,this,those或these且指人時(shí)。如：Thosewhohadn,tboughtaticketforthetraincrowdedinthewaitinghall.那些未買著票的人擁擠在候車廳里。.\(3)當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中用who或whom引導(dǎo)均可，但如直接位于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whom。如：Theguest(who/whom)I,llfirstintroducetoyouisalittlegirl.我首先要介紹給你們的客人是一位小姑娘。Imetafewfriendsofmineamongwhomwasmyoldclassmate.我遇見了幾位朋友，其中一位是我的老同學(xué)。D.where,when與why可作關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Thatisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedtenyearsago.那是他十年前住過的房子。Thehospitalwhere(=inwhich)hermotherisworkingisfarfromherhome.她母親工作的那個(gè)醫(yī)院離她家很遠(yuǎn)。when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.我還記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。Shecameatatimewhenweneededhermost.她是在我們最需要她的時(shí)候來的。why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Why作為關(guān)系副詞只用在reason后面。Iknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)shewassoangry.我知道她為什么那么生氣。Doyouknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hecamesolate?.\你知道他來得這么晚的原因嗎？［注］為了記住這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞的用法，同學(xué)們可以背誦這個(gè)口訣:thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy。［定語(yǔ)從句典例探究］MostofthepeoplelosttheirlivesintheattacksareAmericans.（2005常州）A.whenB.whoC.howD.which［研析］B。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞people是指人的名詞，關(guān)系詞用who;when作關(guān)系副詞用，表示時(shí)間；which指代先行詞是物的名詞。-Doyouknoweverybodycametotheparty?（2005江蘇常州）--No.Idon'tknowtheoneyoutalkedwithnearthedoor.A.who,/B.whose,thatC.that,whichD./,whom［研析］A。第一空格處先行詞who作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，不可省略；第二空格處關(guān)系詞作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。Thisyear'sOlympicsarespecial,becausetheGamesarecomingbacktothecountrytheystartedin.（2004湖南懷化）A.asB.whenC.thereD.which［研析］D。which在這里引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞country。句意是“ 奧運(yùn)會(huì)又回到了它的發(fā)祥地?！盜liketoliveinahouseisbigandbright.（2005海淀升學(xué)卷）A.thatB.whoC.howD.and［研析］A°that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，不可省略。

.\Withthemoneyhehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.（2004江蘇徐州）A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where［研析］Aothat引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)先行詞是事物的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞可用that或which。ThisistheplaceIvisitedlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat［研析］B.which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。不能選where,因?yàn)関isit是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)。theplace作visit的賓語(yǔ)，而不是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。ThisistheschoolIworkedsevenyearsago.inwhichinthatwhichD.thatinwhichinthatwhichD.that［研析］A.inwhich相當(dāng)于where,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句并在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。不能選which或that,因?yàn)閣ork是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，需要加一個(gè)介詞in才能跟賓語(yǔ)。這句話可說成：ThisistheschoolwhichIworkedinsevenyearsago.或把in提至^which前，變成：ThisistheschoolinwhichIworkedsevenyearsago.當(dāng)然也可變成：ThisistheschoolwhereIworkedsevenyearsago.（因?yàn)閕nwhich=where）考點(diǎn)詳解例1選擇正確的答案。Whenthework,we,llmakeatriptotheGreatWall.A.isfinishedB.wasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.willfinish解析：本題答案為A。.\本題考查的是狀語(yǔ)從句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).work是被完成的，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例2選擇正確的答案。Thebusuntileveryonegetson.A.starts B.willstartC.won,tstartD.start解析：本題答案為C。本題考查的是狀語(yǔ)從句。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句就是一般將來時(shí)，所以A、D選項(xiàng)去掉；主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短暫動(dòng)詞，所以用否定形式。例3選擇正確的答案。Hedidn,tcometotheparty,hehadalotofworktodo.A.becauseB.if C.soD.sothat解析：本題答案為A。本題考查的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)題意，它是一種因果關(guān)系，所以選擇A。例4選擇正確的答案。Ididn,tknowwhere.A.heis B.ishe C.hewasD.washe解析：本題答案為C。本題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用過去時(shí)的某種形式。所以A、B選項(xiàng)去掉；賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序，故選C。例5選擇正確的答案。Didyouasktheteacherthedaybefore?A.whatwashappenedtoherB.whatshehadhappenedC.whatshehappenedD.whathadhappenedtoherC.whatshehappened.\解析：本題答案為D。本題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句。該題從句的主語(yǔ)是what而不是she,所以B、C選項(xiàng)去掉；happen是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。用who/whom/that/which填空。ThosearethethingsIlostinthestreetyesterday.Heisthepersonweoftentalkabout.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonstheyremembered.TheycallitChristmas,comesfromthenameChrist.Theymaygototheirownlibrarytolookupanyinformationtheyneed.單項(xiàng)選擇。Peoplestudyearthquakesthinkthattherewillbenobigearthquakehere.a.whob.whichc.whomd./Thepancakemyauntcooksisdelicious.a.thatb.which c./d.a,borcTheyoungmanIhadatalkwithisafriendofmine.a.andb.andwhoc.thatd.whichKey:定語(yǔ)從句"三步曲"解碼：1.that/which2.who/whom/that3.thatwhich5.that6—8adc/d找出錯(cuò)誤并改正。Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehair?Isthisthebookforwhichhewaslooking?Thevillageinthathelivesis20kilometresaway.Shetalkedofthemanandcookswhoandthatinterestedherverymuch..\ThisisthefirstbookwhichIhavebought.Allwhichcanbedonehasbeendone.Hewastheonlypersonwhichknowshowtoopenthedoor.Themantowhoyoutalkedisafamousrunner.ThegirlwhomisinClassTwoisJim,ssister.IstillrememberthedaythatIfirstcametoNanjing.定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)答案（Keys：1.第二個(gè)who變?yōu)閠hat2.for應(yīng)放在looking之后3.in放在lives之后或that變?yōu)閣hich4.whoand去掉5.which變?yōu)閠hat6.which變?yōu)閠hat7.which變?yōu)閠hat8.who變?yōu)閣hom9.whom變?yōu)閣ho或that10.that變?yōu)閣hen）從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)正確的選項(xiàng)，完成下列各句。Thenumberofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.不填ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhavevisited.A.which；everB.that；neverC.which；yetD.that；everThisisthemostenjoyablejourneyIhaveeverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whomWearetalkingaboutTonny,youmetyesterday.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.withwhoIsthistheverymuseumsomeJapanesevisitorsvisitedlastWednesday?.\A.oneB.whereC.thatD.whichTheplaceIgrewupisabeautifultown.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.fromwhichThisistheshopsellschildren,sclothing.A.whereB.whoC.theoneD.whichIdon,tthinkthenumberofpeoplethishappensisverylarge.A.whoB.towhichC.thatD.towhomDoyouknowMrsJacksondaughterisafamouspoet?A.thatherB.whoseC.whoD.ofwhomDoyourememberoneeveningaweekagoIcametoyourroomandborrowedadictionary?A.beforeB.whichC.whenD.as答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1.B。who是關(guān)系代詞，指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，whom（作賓語(yǔ)）與which結(jié)構(gòu)皆不能入選。2.D。當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞that,句意表明定語(yǔ)從句表示肯定，而不是否定，故選D。3.C4.A。whom關(guān)系代詞，指人，在句中用作賓語(yǔ)。5.C。先行詞被theonly,thevery,thefirst等修飾時(shí)，須用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。6.C。where是關(guān)系副詞，指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。7.D。which是關(guān)系代詞，指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。8.D。happentosb.指“