伊頓離合器基礎知識(中英版)-伊頓

ClutchBasics

離合器基礎WhataretheBasic“Functions”ofaClutch?

離合器的基本功能？FunctionsofaClutchFunctionsofaClutch離合器功能WhataretheBasic“Functions”ofaClutch?

離合器的基本功能？TransferTorque傳遞扭矩BreaksTorque切斷扭矩CleanRelease清晰的分離SmoothEngagement柔和結合FunctionsofaClutchFunctionsofaClutch離合器功能WhataretheBasic“Functions”ofaClutch?離合器的基本功能？TransferTorqueBreaksTorqueCleanReleaseSmoothEngagementDampenVibrations使振動變弱EngageaClutchBrake離合器制動TransferTorque傳遞扭矩BreaksTorque切斷扭矩CleanRelease清晰的分離SmoothEngagement柔和結合FunctionsofaClutchFunctionsofaClutch離合器功能Thefunctionofaclutchistoconnect/disconnecttheflowofpowerfromtheenginetothedriveline離合器的基本功能是連接/切斷發(fā)動機到傳動軸的動力傳遞Providesawaytotranslateenginerotationintotransmissionrotation,將發(fā)動機的轉動傳遞到變速箱的轉動

Providesawaytoallowtheenginetorunwithoutthetruckmoving,允許發(fā)動機運轉而車輛保持不動

Providesawaytobreaktorquetoselectandchangegears.在需要選檔和換檔時切斷扭矩傳遞

WhatDoesaClutchDo?

離合器基本功能Discisclampedbytheclutchcover,connectingtheenginecrankshafttothetransmissioninputshaft從動盤被壓盤夾緊,將發(fā)動機曲軸和變速箱輸入軸連接起來Transmissionrotateswiththeengine變速箱與發(fā)動機一起旋轉Flywheel飛輪Clutch離合器HowDoesitwork?–Engaged

怎樣工作?–接合狀態(tài)TransferTorque傳遞扭矩Pressureplateseparatesfromthedisc壓盤與從動盤分離Transmissionisdisconnectedfromtheengine變速箱與發(fā)動機分離Flywheel飛輪Clutch離合器HowDoesitwork?–Disengaged

怎樣工作–分離狀態(tài)CleanRelease/BreaksTorque清晰的切斷扭矩DrivenDisc從動盤:Thisisthediscwhichisincontactwiththeengineflywheelandthepressureplateoftheclutchassembly這是與發(fā)動機飛輪和離合器壓盤都接觸的零件Clutch-BasicComponents

離合器基本部件CoverAssembly壓盤總成:Anassemblywhichismountedontheflywheel,andsqueezesthediscagainsttheengineflywheel.安裝到飛輪上,將從動盤壓緊到發(fā)動機飛輪上的零件Clutch-BasicComponents

離合器基本部件ReleaseBearing分離軸承:

Servesasastationaryconnectionforthereleaselinkage.Connectstothediaphragmspring.連接到膜片彈簧上,且與分離系統(tǒng)相連接.Clutch-BasicComponents

離合器基本部件Pressureplatebolts壓盤螺栓:

Shoulder-headboltsthreadeddirectlyintotopofpressureplateandthroughthedrivestraps.帶肩端臺階螺栓穿過傳動片直接擰到壓盤上部PressurePlateBolts壓盤螺栓ShippingClips運輸墊片:

Fitsbetweentheflywheelbracketandthepressureplatebolts.Usedto“cage”pressureplate,inordertofacilitateinstallationofdrivendiscs.Theclipsareremovedduringtheinstallationsprocess.在壓盤螺栓和架子之間,以在運輸中保持住壓盤,有利于從動盤裝配.在離合器安裝過程中要拿走.ShippingClips運輸墊片Shippingclip運輸墊片FlywheelRing支撐環(huán):

HousestheDiaphragmSpringsandPressurePlate.支撐膜片彈簧和壓盤FlywheelRing/Bracket/Cover

支撐環(huán)/支架/蓋DiaphragmSprings膜片彈簧:

Singlespringprovidethespringforcerequiredfordevelopingpressureplateclampload.彈簧提供要求的彈簧力滿足壓盤壓緊力DiaphragmSprings膜片彈簧Collector收集器:Allowsaconnectionpointtothediaphragmspringandthereleasebearing.Allowsforclutchengagementanddisengagement.連接膜片彈簧和分離軸承,讓離合器分離與接合.SpringCollector彈簧收集器DriveStraps傳動片:ConnectstheFlywheelBrackettothepressureplate.Transmittorquefromtheenginetothepressureplateandprovidesaspringforcetoseparatethepressureplatefromthedrivendiscwhentheclutchisdisengaged.連接支架和壓盤.傳遞發(fā)動機力矩到壓盤.當離合器分離時,提供彈簧力以分離壓盤和從動盤.DriveStraps傳動片PressurePlate壓盤:Providesaclampingsurfaceforthedrivendisc,allowingforenginetorquetobetransmittedtothediscandeventuallythetransmissioninputshaft.為從動盤提供夾緊面,同時傳遞發(fā)動機扭矩到從動盤和最終傳到變速箱輸入軸.PressurePlate壓盤Facing摩擦面:Organicfrictionmaterialwhichwhenclampedupbetweenadjacentironsurfaces(pressureplate,engineflywheel)causesthedisctorotatewiththesecomponentstherebytranslatingflywheelrotationintotransmissioninputshaftrotation.有機摩擦材料當被到鄰近的鑄鐵面(壓盤,發(fā)動機飛輪)壓緊時,將使從動盤與這些零件一起轉動而將飛輪轉動轉換為變速箱輸入軸轉動.Facings摩擦面Facing摩擦面Damper減振彈簧:Asetofspringsradiallyarrangedaroundthehubtopreventtorsionalvibrations(generatedbytheengine)frombeingtransmittedtothehub,andinessencetherestofthedriveline.在花鍵轂周圍徑向布置的一套彈簧用以防止扭振(通常有發(fā)動機引起)傳遞到花鍵轂,本質上是保護傳動軸.Damper減振彈簧Damper減振彈簧Hub花鍵轂:

Atoothedcomponentthatmateswiththetransmissioninputshaft,andisthepointoftorquetransfertothetransmission.與變速箱輸入軸匹配的帶齒零件,是傳遞扭矩到變速箱的零件.Hub花鍵轂Hub花鍵轂BearingTravel/ReleaseTravel軸承行程/分離行程:

Distancebywhichthereleasebearingmoveswhentheclutchpedalisfullydepressed.Ingeneral,12.7mmminimumtravelisrequiredfortheclutchtodisengage.離合器踏板全踩下時分離軸承移動距離.通常離合器分離要求12.7毫米最小.BearingLoad/ReleaseLoad軸承力/分離力:

Loadappliedatthereleasebearingtodisengagetheclutch.分離離合器時作用于分離軸承上的力.PlateLoad壓盤力:

LoadappliedatthePressurePlatewhentheclutchassemblyisengaged.離合器接合時作用于壓盤上的力.PlateDeparture壓盤升程:DistancebywhichthePressurePlateretracts,freeingupthediscs,whentheclutchisdisengaged.當離合器分離時,為放開從動盤而使壓盤回退的力.OtherTerminology其它術語ClutchTypes離合器型式

PushorPull推式或拉式WearThrough免調整

Single/TwinPlate單片/雙片

Mechanicalrod機械桿

Hydraulic液壓式

Boostedhydraulic液壓助力

Splinesize花鍵尺寸

Facingtype摩擦面

Pre-damper預減振

Damperrate減振彈簧剛度

OrganicFacings有機材料摩擦面ClutchDisc從動盤ReleaseLinkage分離系統(tǒng)ClutchCover離合器蓋總成Components零件PushorPull推式或拉式Wear-Through免調整Single/TwinPlate單片/雙片ClutchCoverTypes離合器壓盤型式Indicatesthedirectioninwhichforceisappliedtothereleasebearingforclutchdisengagement指出為了離合器分離而作用于分離軸承的力的方向.

(Disengagement分離=clutchpedaldepressed踩下離合器踏板)PUSH推式:Bearingmovestowardstheengine軸承向發(fā)動機方向移動PULL拉式:Bearingmovesawayfromtheengine軸承朝遠離發(fā)動機的方向移動“PushorPull”“推式或拉式”LBAAdvantages優(yōu)勢

ReleaseBearingisseparatefrom coverassembly,分離軸承與壓盤總成分開

SimplifiesTransmissioninstallation, (alignmentofyokenotnecessary).簡單化變速箱安裝(不必對齊撥動叉).Disadvantages劣勢

Highcoverdeflectionsduetolarge“L”value,由于“L”值大而產生高壓盤偏斜

Limitedplateloadcapacitydueto“A”diameter,由于“A”直徑而限制壓盤壓緊力

Higherreleaseloadsduetolow“B/A”ratio,由于底的“B/A”值而產生高的分離力

Complexcoverdesign,(diaphragmpivot),復雜的壓盤設計,(膜片彈簧支點)Cannotbeusedwithaclutchbrake.無法使用離合器制動Clutchdiameter離合器直徑,(i.e.例如420mm)PushType推式LBADisadvantages劣勢Advantages優(yōu)勢

Lowcoverdeflections(small“L”value),小的壓盤偏斜(小的“L”值

Higherplateloadcapacity(“A”diameter),更高的壓盤壓緊力(直徑“A”)Lowerreleaseloads(higher“B/A”ratio),更小的分離力(更高的“B/A”比值)Simplecoverdesign,簡單的壓盤設計

Canbeusedwithaclutchbrake.可以使用離合器制動

ReleaseBearingmustbeattachedtocover assembly,分離軸承須附在壓盤總成上

DifficultTransmissioninstallation,

(yokemustalignwithreleasebearing).變速箱安裝困難(撥叉須與分離軸承對齊)Clutchdiameter離合器直徑,(i.e.例如430mm)PullType拉式Clampingloadisgeneratedbycoilspringmounteddirectlybetweentheclutchcoverandthepressureplate,hencethename“directpressure”.夾緊力由安裝在離合器蓋和壓盤之間的螺旋彈簧直壓產生,因此命名為“直壓”.CoilSpring螺旋彈簧Leverforclutchdisengagement離合器分離杠桿WearThrough-DirectPressureCoilSpring

免調整–直壓式螺旋彈簧離合器Disc盤CoilSpring螺旋彈簧NewDisc新片New新片ClampLoad夾緊力WornDisc磨損后Worn磨損后ClampLoad夾緊力WearLife磨損量Thecoilspringextendswithfacingwear.螺旋彈簧隨摩擦面的磨損而伸展Therefore,thepressureplateclamploadreduces.因此,壓盤夾緊力減小Travel行程力LoadWearThrough-DirectPressureCoilSpring

免調整–直壓式螺旋彈簧離合器Clampingloadisgeneratedbydiaphragmspringmounteddirectlybetweentheclutchcoverandthepressureplate.夾緊力由裝在蓋總成和壓盤之間的膜片彈簧產生WearThroughTravel免調整行程DiaphragmSpring膜片彈簧WearThrough-DiaphragmSpring

免調整–膜片彈簧離合器00NewDisc新片WornDisc磨損NewClampLoad新片夾緊力WornClampLoad磨損后夾緊力Thediaphragmspringprovidesauniqueloadcharacteristicwhichresultsinawornplateloadsimilartothenewplateloadvalue.膜片彈簧產生一個獨特力的特性,而使磨損后的壓盤力與新片時相似However,thereleaseloadcontinuestoincrease.但是,分離力持續(xù)升高.Travel行程WearThrough-DiaphragmSpring

免調整–膜片彈簧離合器ADJUSTABLE(NorthAmericanStyle)可調整(北美)Internalcompensationforfacingwear內部補償摩擦面磨損Manuallyadjustedbyoperator操作者手動調整Automaticadjustment自動調整WEARTHROUGH免調整Nocompensationforfacingwear無摩擦面磨損補償Clutchbearingpositionchangeswithfacingwear離合器軸承位置隨摩擦面磨損而變化

“AdjustableorWear-Through”

“可調整或免調整離合器”SFGWDisadvantages劣勢Addedweight重量增加Addedcost增加成本Morecomponents(installation)更多的零件(安裝)Higherinertia更大的慣量Greaterriskofclutchdrag產生拖扭的風險更大Advantages優(yōu)勢Smallerdiameter更小的直徑Lowerreleaseloads更小的分離力Lowerpedalefforts更小的踏板力Increasedwearlife增加的磨損壽命Increasedspacefortorsionaldampers給減振彈簧更多的空間Theoretically,atwoplatedesignwilldoublethetorquecapacityforagivenclutchsizeandclampload.理論上,在給定的尺寸和夾緊力時,雙片設計將有雙倍的扭矩容量.TwoPlatevs.SinglePlate

單片vs.雙片FrictionMaterials摩擦材料CushionedFacings帶軟墊摩擦面TorsionalDampers扭轉減振彈簧DiscTypes從動盤型式CeramicFacing陶瓷摩擦面OrganicFacing有機材料FrictionMaterials摩擦材料FrictionMaterialKnowledge

摩擦材料知識OrganicFacingMaterial有機摩擦材料Advantages優(yōu)勢GoodEngagementQuality好的接合質量GoodWearCharacteristics好的磨損特性Doesnotwearmatingfrictionsurfaces不磨損匹配的摩擦面

Disadvantages劣勢EasytoAbuse易過度使用CoefficientDropswhenClutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當過度使用產生熱量時,摩擦系數下降WearincreaseswhenclutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當過度使用產生熱量時磨損上升.CeramicFacingMaterial陶瓷材料Advantages優(yōu)勢GoodWearCharacteristics好的磨損特性DifficulttoAbuse不易被過度使用CoefficientremainsthesamewhentheclutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當過度使用產生熱量時摩擦系數不變WearisthesamewhenclutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當過度使用產生熱量時,磨損相同

Disadvantages劣勢EngagementQualitynotasgoodasOrganic接合質量不如有機材料Willwearthematingfrictionsurfaces將磨損相匹配的摩擦面FrictionMaterialKnowledge

摩擦材料知識ImportantInformation!!!!!!重要信息AllFrictionMaterialsarenottheSame!!!!!不是所有的摩擦材料都相同

CoefficientofFriction摩擦系數

EngagementQuality接合質量

WearRate磨損率

AbuseResistant抵抗過度使用能力Example-OrganicMaterial例子-有機材料Softensthemodulationbetweendisengagedandengagedconditionsforimprovedvehiclecontrollability.RequiredinmostEuropeancountries.使分離與接合更為柔和，提高車輛操作性能.在大多數的歐洲國家被要求.CushionedFacings帶波形墊摩擦面CombinedSpringLoad

xRadial

Distance

=DamperTorque合成彈簧力x徑向距離=減振器扭矩Distance距離SpringLoad彈簧力TorsionalDamper扭轉減振器DamperTorque÷

Hub

Rotation

=Torsional

Rate減振彈簧扭矩÷花鍵轂旋轉角度=扭轉剛度TorsionalDamper扭轉減振彈簧DiscB盤BDiscA盤ADesiredCapacity期望扭矩容量Rotation旋轉角度Torque扭矩

DiscAreachesthedesiredtorquevalueinasmallamountofrotation,盤A在一個小的旋轉下就達到期望的扭矩值.

DiscBachievesthesametorquevaluebutrequiresfarmorerotation,盤B獲得同樣的扭矩值要求更大的旋轉角度

DiscBisreferredtoasa“softrate”ora“l(fā)ongtravel”(LTD)damper.盤B被稱作“軟剛度”或“長行程”減振彈簧TorsionalDamper扭轉減振彈簧DiscBDiscARotationTorquespikeWhyusea“softrate”damper?為什么用“軟剛度”減振器?Asoftdamperprovidesimprovedprotectionagainstdrivelinetorsionalvibration.軟剛度減振器更好地保護傳動系對抗扭轉振動Inthisexampleshowingatorquespike,wecanseethat“discA”hasfarlesshubrotationthan“discB”,forthesamechangeintorqueload.本例中,在相同的扭矩變化時“盤A”比“盤B”有更小的旋轉量.Itistheincreaseinhubrotation,foragivenchangeintorque,that“softens”theimpactontherestofthedriveline,wherethedamperspringsabsorbmostoftheenergy.(Consideryourcar’ssuspensionwhendrivingdownaroadwithpotholes).相同的扭矩變化,花鍵轂旋轉量增加時,“軟化”使傳動軸得到更好保護,因減振彈簧吸收了大部分的能量(考慮汽車的懸架,當駛過道路坑道時).TorsionalDamper扭轉減振器Pre-Damper預減振彈簧Referstoastagepriortomaindampertravel.在主減振器行程之前起作用Usedtoisolateenginetorsionalsatidlespeed,whentransmissionisinneutral,oftenreferredtoas“idlerattle”.可以隔絕發(fā)動機怠速,變速箱空檔時的發(fā)動機扭振,所謂的“怠速噪音”Twotypes:兩種型式

SpringLoaded彈簧載荷

FreeTravel(indischub)自由行程(在盤轂上)MainDamperSpringPre-damperSpringRotatesrelativetodiscTerminologyReview術語回顧BottomingLoad底部扭矩Torquethattheinternalstopofthedampergoessolid.減振彈簧內部壓緊變成剛性時的扭矩.DamperRates減振彈簧剛度Theamountoftorqueperdegreestraveled每轉一度的扭矩值Hysteresis阻尼InternalFrictionthatisdesignedinthedamper.被設計在減振器上的內部摩擦0-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012DEGREES角度TORQUE扭矩BottomingTorqueDamperRate=HysteresisFreeTravelorPredamperTravelBottomingTorqueTravelDrivenDiscAssembly從動盤總成430mmClutchReleaseBearings

430mm離合器分離軸承Informandcomparevarious430mmClutchreleasebearingdesigns了解和比較不同的430mm離合器分離軸承IncludesattachmentmethodstotheDiaphragmSpring包括搭接到膜片彈簧上的方法Introduction介紹Bellhousing離合器殼ReleaseBearing分離軸承Yoke分離撥叉Cross-shaft撥叉軸Quill前軸承蓋Typical430mmClutchArrangement

典型430mm離合器布置QuillType前軸承蓋型式:Internalbushingdoesnotcontactinputshaftbutisguidedbytransmission’squill內襯套不接觸輸入軸但由變速箱前軸承蓋導向Bushingonlyhastosurvivelinearmotion;Thereforeitcanbeahigh-temperature,self-lubricatingcompositematerial襯套只保證直線運動;因此它用耐高溫、自潤滑合成材料Similarbushingarrangementsarecommonlyusedworld-widebyothers相似的軸承布置方式通常會被世界范圍內其他廠家使用430mmClutchBearingArrangement

430mm離合器軸承布置EatonFuller430mmBearingConfiguration伊頓430mm軸承配置PermanentAttached非快速拆卸&QuickAttached快速拆卸Typical430mmBearingAssy.Drawing

典型430mm軸承總成圖3.BearingSnapRing軸承夾緊環(huán)7.BushingSnapRing襯套卡簧4.Bearing軸承6.WaveSpring波形彈簧9.Bushing襯套8.ReleaseBearingHousing分離軸承殼1.SpiralwavePre-LoadSpring螺旋波形預緊彈簧2.SpringSnapRing彈簧卡環(huán)430mmBearingAssy.Drawing軸承總成圖PermanentAttachedBearing非快速拆卸式InstalledonClutchAssemblybeforeInstallationonEngine’sFlywheel在離合器裝配到發(fā)動機飛輪之前把軸承裝到離合器總成上InternalgrooveandSnapRingretainsFulcrumRingfrommovingaxially.將卡環(huán)卡到內槽上防止支撐環(huán)軸向移動TransmitsactuationloadfromReleaseBearingtoDiaphragmSpring將助力泵推力從分離軸承傳遞到膜片彈簧Componentsofthe430mmEatonPermanentAttachedBearing伊頓非快速拆卸軸承部件430mmBearingAssy.Drawing軸承總成圖

QuickAttachedBearing快速拆卸軸承QuickClipwith“ears”帶“耳”的快速夾緊卡環(huán)StampedFulcrumRing沖壓支承環(huán)RetainingWire保持環(huán)(NoPre-Loadgenerated)(不產生預緊力)CurrentStyleofFulcrumRingAssembly

支承環(huán)總成當前型式Sometimescalled“wireclip”有時稱作“金屬夾”“Snaps”overBEARING’ssnoutduringinstallation裝配時鎖住軸承豬嘴ConnectsFULCRUMRINGandBEARINGtogether將支承環(huán)和軸承連接在一起Mustwithstandactuationloadduringservicelife在工作時必須經受住分離力ReleasesfromBEARINGsnoutwhenunlatched當夾子不閉鎖時從軸承豬嘴上松開Componentsofthe430mmEatonBearingQuickClip伊頓軸承快速夾緊夾子部件MechanicalRodorCable機械桿式或拉索式Hydraulic液壓式BoostedHydraulic液壓助力式Note:Linkagedesigndictatesclutchreleasetravel.注:分離系統(tǒng)設計要規(guī)定分離行程ReleaseLinkageTypes分離系統(tǒng)型式Connectsthecabpedaltoclutchwithoutanyflexiblecouplings.從踏板到離合器無任何柔性聯結Cannotcompensateforchangesintheclutchreleasebearingposition.不能補償離合器軸承位置變化Hencerequireslinkagefreeplaytoensurefullclutchengagement