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Module5Unit15
Learning
重點(diǎn)單詞1.suspectv.懷疑,疑有,察覺(jué),猜想;料想【精講拓展】suspectsth.suspectsb.ofdoing.../tobe/that...【典型例句】Thetigersuspecteddangerandranaway.老虎意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)便逃跑了。Ihavenoreasontosuspectherhonesty/loyalty.我沒(méi)有理由懷疑她的誠(chéng)實(shí)/忠誠(chéng)。[劍橋高階]ThepolicesuspectedthatBilldidit.ThepolicesuspectedBillofdoingit.警察懷疑那件事是比爾干的。Isuspectthey’llcome.我想他們會(huì)來(lái)的?!驹~語(yǔ)辨析】doubt/suspect/distrust這些動(dòng)詞均含“懷疑”之意。doubt普通用詞,多指因證據(jù)不足或僅憑證據(jù)還不能肯定而產(chǎn)生懷疑,多含否定意味。Idoubtwhen/whether/what...;Idon’tdoubtthat;Thereisa(no)doubt...suspect指猜疑、疑心,肯定意味較多。distrust指疑惑、猜疑,不信任。即學(xué)即用完成句子①I(mǎi)rather________________________forofferingtohelp.我懷疑他主動(dòng)幫忙的動(dòng)機(jī)。②IhavelostsomemoneyandI________mypartner________takingmymoney=I________mypartner________________thethief.2.instructv.指示,命令,吩咐,教授;訓(xùn)練;指導(dǎo),通知,告知【精講拓展】instructsb.insth.instructsb.todosth.instructsb.that...注意:teachsb.sth.suspectedhismotivessuspectedofsuspectedtobe【典型例句】Heinstructedmetodeliverittoacustomer.他吩咐我把東西送去給顧客。Thepolicehavebeeninstructedtopatrolthebuildingandsurroundingarea.警察奉命在這幢大樓里及周圍地區(qū)巡邏。[劍橋高階]Myagenthasinstructedmethatyoustilloweme$150.我的代理人告訴我你還欠我一百五十美元。Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructionincarmaintenance.這門(mén)課教授汽車維修方面的基本知識(shí)。[劍橋高階]即學(xué)即用③Thesalesmanageraskedhismento________himofeverythingconcerningthesalesintime.A.informB.instructC.intendD.imply解析:instruct意為“通知”。答案:B④Canyou________metothelibrary,please?A.instructB.describeC.directD.a(chǎn)ppoint解析:instruct意為“告知,指示”。答案:A【精講拓展】lacksth.forlackofbelacking(adj.)in【典型例句】Hejustlacksalittleconfidence.他只是有點(diǎn)缺乏自信。[劍橋高階]Wearelackingthreemembersofstaffduetoillness.我們有3人因病缺席。[劍橋高階]Waterisalackofthisregion.這個(gè)地區(qū)缺水。Theflowersdiedforlackofwater.這些花因缺水枯死了。Thoughlackingmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.盡管缺少錢(qián),他父母還是設(shè)法把他送到了大學(xué)。即學(xué)即用⑤Thecouplediedbecauseof________oxygenwhenbathing.A.lackB.a(chǎn)lackC.a(chǎn)lackofD.a(chǎn)lackfor解析:句意:那對(duì)夫婦死于洗澡時(shí)缺氧。alackof缺少。為固定搭配。答案:C⑥—Hesaysthatmynewcarisa________ofmoney.—Don’tyouthinkthosewordsarejustsourgrapes?(2009·山東,29)A.lackB.loadC.questionD.waste解析:句意:——他說(shuō)我的新車是浪費(fèi)錢(qián)?!y道你不認(rèn)為這是吃不到葡萄就說(shuō)葡萄酸么?awasteof固定搭配,意為浪費(fèi)。答案:D4.a(chǎn)ccessn.接近,進(jìn)入;接近的機(jī)會(huì),進(jìn)入的權(quán)利;使用;通道,入口,門(mén)路【精講拓展】haveaccesstogain/getaccesstobeaccessibleto...【典型例句】Onlyafewpeoplehaveaccesstothefullfactsofthecase.只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)人能看到有關(guān)該案的全部事實(shí)材料。Theonlyaccesstothevillageisbyboat.到那個(gè)村子去的唯一方法是乘船。[劍橋高階]Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessibletohildren.藥品不應(yīng)放在兒童容易拿到的地方。即學(xué)即用⑦Frankputthemedicineinatopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbe________tothekids.(2009·江西,32)A.a(chǎn)ccessibleB.relativeC.a(chǎn)cceptableD.sensitive解析:費(fèi)蘭克把藥放到一個(gè)頂部的抽屜里以確保孩子們夠不到。accessible“易接近的,易到手的”符合題意。答案:A5.worthwhileadj.值得做某事【精講拓展】worthyadj.“值得……”worthadj.“……值得……”worth在句中只能做表語(yǔ),worthy,worthwhile既可作表語(yǔ)也可以作定語(yǔ)。beworth+n.be(well)worthdoingsth.beworthyof+n.beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone某事值得被做Itisworthwhiledoingsth.Itisworthwhiletodosth.【典型例句】Thequestionisnotworthdiscussingagainandagain.Thequestionisnotworthytobediscussed/ofbeingdiscussedagainandagain.Itisnotworthwhiletodiscuss/discussingthequestionagainandagain.這個(gè)問(wèn)題不值得一次又一次的討論。Sheconsidersteachingaworthwhilecareer.她把教書(shū)看成是一項(xiàng)值得從事的事業(yè)。[劍橋高階]即學(xué)即用⑧Theplanis________carefullystudied.A.worthtobe B.worthbeingC.worthytobe D.worthybeing解析:本題考查beworthytobedone。答案:C⑨Itis________toreadthebook.A.worthwhileB.worthyC.worthofD.worthyof解析:本題考查Itisworthwhiletodo...。答案:A⑩—Howdoyoulikethefilm?—Oh,wonderful.Itis________worth________.A.very;seeingB.well;seeingC.very;tobeseenD.well;beingseen解析:本題考查bewellworthdoing...。答案:B6.urgev.催促;力勸;激勵(lì);慫恿,極力主張;強(qiáng)烈要求搭配:urgesb.todosth.urgethatsb.shoulddosth.Itisurgedthatsb.shoulddosth.urgesth.onsb.【精講拓展】ask要求;advise建議;arrange安排;beg請(qǐng)求;command命令;decide決定;demand要求;desire渴望;insist堅(jiān)持;intend打算;propose提議;object反對(duì);order命令;require需要;request要求;recommend推薦;suggest建議;urge強(qiáng)調(diào),促進(jìn),力勸等詞后加從句時(shí)需要用shoulddo形式?!镜湫屠洹縏hecoachurgedustostayinshapeoversummervacation.教練敦促我們?cè)谑罴俦3至己玫纳眢w狀態(tài)。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)]Heurgedallconcernedtotakeanactivepartinthework.他要求有關(guān)的人都積極參加這項(xiàng)工作。MyfriendsurgedthatI(should)applyforthejob.朋友們力勸我申請(qǐng)那份工作。Ourbossurgedonusthesignificanceofpunctuality.老板向我們強(qiáng)調(diào)守時(shí)的重要性。?TheyurgedthattheScienceMuseum________openduringthevacation.A.waskeptB.werekeptC.bekeptD.willbekept解析:urge后接從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用shoulddo...。答案:C?Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou________swimaftereatingalargemeal.(2009·浙江,13)A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t解析:句意:醫(yī)生建議你不要在吃飽后去游泳。recommend后加從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用shoulddo。答案:D7.inspirev.鼓舞,激勵(lì),驅(qū)使,賦予……靈感,給……以啟示,激起,喚起(感情,思想等)【精講拓展】inspiresb.todosth./tosth.inspiresb.withsth./sth.insb.inspired;inspiringadj.【典型例句】Theviolinist’sperformanceinspiredtheentireaudience.小提琴家的演奏感動(dòng)了全場(chǎng)觀眾。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)]Thediscoveryinspiredustolookforfossils.這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)激勵(lì)我們?nèi)ふ一?。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)]Thebeautifulsceneryinspiredthecomposer.美麗的景色使作曲家靈思泉涌。Hisencouragingremarksinspiredconfidenceinme/inspiredmewithconfidence.他的一番鼓勵(lì)激起了我的信心。即學(xué)即用?Thelecturewasso________thattheywereall_____.A.inspiring;excitingB.inspiring;excitedC.inspired;excitingD.inspired;excited解析:句意:演講如此的令人鼓舞以致我們都很興奮。答案:B8.beneficialadj.受益的,有益的benefitvt.對(duì)……有益,有益于;vi.得益,受惠(from);n.利益,好處;優(yōu)勢(shì)[U][C]【精講拓展】bebeneficialto...benefitsb.benefitfrom...forthebenefitof...【典型例句】Freshairisbeneficialtoourhealth.新鮮空氣有益于健康。Theseaairwillbenefityou.海邊的空氣對(duì)你有益。Webenefitedgreatlyfromthisfranktalk.這次坦率的談話使我們獲益匪淺。Thelecturewasofgreatbenefittothestudents.這次講座對(duì)學(xué)生很有幫助。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)]即學(xué)即用完成句子?Theteacherrepeatedpartofhispreviouslecture__________________________forthebenefitofthose(為了……的利益)whohadbeenabsent.?Thedictionarywillbeof____________.(對(duì)……有很大好處)tome.9.a(chǎn)ppreciationn.賞識(shí),鑒賞,感激appreciatev.欣賞,賞識(shí),感謝,感激【精講拓展】inappreciationofappreciatedoingsth.【典型例句】Pleaseacceptthisgiftinappreciationofallyou’vedoneforus.多蒙鼎立協(xié)助,不勝感激,備些薄禮,敬請(qǐng)笑納。Yourappreciationofherhardworkhasmeantalottoher.你對(duì)她努力工作的認(rèn)可對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)]great
benefit
Hertalentformusicwasnotappreciated.她的音樂(lè)才能無(wú)人賞識(shí)。Theydeeplyappreciatedhiskindness.他們對(duì)他的好意深表感謝。Weshallappreciatehearingfromyouagain.能再次收到你的來(lái)信,我們將十分感激。注意:其后只能接“事”作賓語(yǔ),而不能接“人”。Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.如果你能幫助我做這事,我將十分感激。即學(xué)即用?Ireallyappreciate________torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(上海高考)A.tohavehadtime B.havingtimeC.tohavetime D.tohavingtime解析:句意:我十分感激和你在島上放松。感激做某事
appreciatedoing...。答案:B?I’dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.that B.It C.This D.you
解析:it用來(lái)泛指某事,可用于如Ilikeit,Iappreciateit,Ihateit等類似句型,故選B。
答案:B1.layoff解雇;停止工作【精講拓展】laythetable(飯前)擺好餐具laysth.aside放在一邊,儲(chǔ)存laydown放下,使躺下,交出,獻(xiàn)出;規(guī)定,制定layup儲(chǔ)藏,貯存;使臥床休息layout安排,布置laydownone’sarms放下武器laydownone’slifefor為……獻(xiàn)出生命熟記lay—laid—laid—laying放置,產(chǎn)卵lie—lay—lain—lying躺;位于lie—lied—lied—lying撒謊【典型例句】ShewaslaidoffalongwithmanyotherswhenthecompanymovedtoCalifornia.當(dāng)公司遷往加利完成句子?Thefactory________________________________(解雇了許多工人)becauseofeconomiccrisis.?You’dbetter________________________
(存一些錢(qián))incase.Herbosslaidheroffamonthago.1個(gè)月前老板把她解雇了。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)]laidoffmanyworkerslaysomemoneyaside福尼亞時(shí),她和許多工人失業(yè)了。2.a(chǎn)sidefrom除……之外【詞語(yǔ)辨析】besides/except(for)/exceptthat/but表示“除……之外”的幾組常用詞/短語(yǔ)的比較(1)besides除……之外(還有……)(=inadditionto)。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且,更何況”。WeallwenttothecinemabesidesShaw.除了肖外,我們也都去了電影院。Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.看電影太晚了,再說(shuō),我也累了。(2)except除去;除……之外(不再有……)。Nooneispermittedtomakepersonalphonecallsexceptinanemergency.在緊急情況下,否則沒(méi)有人被允許打私人電話。注意:在否定句中,besides和except兩詞可以換用。Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.這頂帽子外,他沒(méi)有別的。(3)exceptfor除了……(表示對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說(shuō)明),其后接名詞、代詞或what從句,此時(shí)與“exceptthat+句子”意思相同。Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.除了有些粗心外,他很聰明的。Hiscompositionisverygoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.除了一些拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤外,他的作文是很好的。(4)exceptthat...除了……以外。Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.除了戴著一副眼鏡外,他沒(méi)有什么變化。Hewouldn’ttalkaboutwork,exceptthatsomeoneelseaskedhimto.他從來(lái)不談?wù)撍墓ぷ?,除非別人讓他談。(5)but與except的區(qū)別:but和except在表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可以通用,但應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn):①前面有不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞在意義上對(duì)稱時(shí),多用but。Allbutonearehere.除了一個(gè)人外,其余都到這里了。NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.除了我以外,沒(méi)有人喜歡做輪船模型。②后接的不定式短語(yǔ)為排除對(duì)象時(shí),都用but。Hehasnothingtodobutwait.(前有but,后省to)除了等之外,他沒(méi)有任何事情可做。③but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用。havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事cannotbutdosth.不得不做某事cannothelpbutdosth.不得不做……butfor...如果不是……【典型例句】Asidefromamiracle,nothingcansaveher.除非有奇跡,否則什么也救不了她。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)]Asidefrommathematics,Ihavefinishedmyhomework.除了數(shù)學(xué)之外,我的家庭作業(yè)已經(jīng)都做完了。Asidefromaseverefright,Mr.Whitewasuninjured.除了嚴(yán)重驚嚇之外,懷特先生并未受傷。即學(xué)即用?Somepeoplechoosejobsforotherreasons________moneythesedays.A.forB.exceptC.besidesD.with解析:句意:當(dāng)今一些人找工作時(shí)除了錢(qián)還考慮其他因素。應(yīng)表示“除了,還有”,因此選C。
答案:CNooneknewMrBeson’saddress________hisdaughter.A.exceptB.exceptsC.onlyD.besides解析:句意:除了他女兒,沒(méi)人知道貝森先生的地址。本句應(yīng)表示排除,故選A。
答案:A21Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage________English?A.exceptB.ButC.besideD.besides答案:DIknownothingabouttheyounglady________sheisfromBeijing.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besides解析:選項(xiàng)后是一個(gè)從句,根據(jù)句意只能用exceptthat。答案:C2223Sandycoulddonothingbut________tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.a(chǎn)dmitB.a(chǎn)dmittedC.a(chǎn)dmittingD.toadmit解析:but前有donothing時(shí),but表示“除了”,后跟不帶to的不定式,故選A。答案:A3.takeup開(kāi)始從事;占去,占據(jù),拿起,繼續(xù)(中斷的活),接下去【精講拓展】takeapart拆卸,拆開(kāi)takeaway拿走;減去takedown取下;記下;拆卸takein欺騙;領(lǐng)會(huì),理解
24takeintoaccount把……考慮進(jìn)去takeoff脫下(衣帽等);起飛takeon承擔(dān),呈現(xiàn)(面貌)takeone’stime不著急,不慌忙takeover接受,接管;借用,承襲takepartin參加,參與takeplace發(fā)生,進(jìn)行,舉行taketheplaceof代替,取代taketurns依次,輪流【典型例句】He’stakenupthepostofsupervisor.他剛剛擔(dān)任監(jiān)督員一職。[劍橋高階]Shetookupherbagandleft.她拿起她的手提包走了。Thisdesktakesuptoomuchroom.這張桌子太占地方。[劍橋高階]HetookupSpanishwhileinSpain.當(dāng)他在西班牙的時(shí)候,他開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)。HarrytookupthetaleatthepointwhereJohnhadleftoff.哈利接著約翰停止的地方繼續(xù)講那個(gè)故事。即學(xué)即用PractisingChinesekungfucannotonly________one’sstrength,butalsodevelopone’scharacter.(2009·浙江,16)A.bringupB.takeupC.buildupD.pullup解析:句意:練中國(guó)功夫不僅能增強(qiáng)人的力量,還能培養(yǎng)人的性格。buildupone’sstrength為固定短語(yǔ)。答案:CWetriedtofindatableforseven,buttheywereall________.(2009·安徽,33)A.givenawayB.keptawayC.takenupD.usedup解析:句意:我們想找一個(gè)7個(gè)人的桌子,但桌子全都有人了。takeup占據(jù)。根據(jù)句意選C。答案:C2526Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Jane________herjobasadoctorinthecountryside.(2008·全國(guó)Ⅰ,34)A.setoutB.tookoverC.tookupD.setup解析:句意:在一所醫(yī)科大學(xué)上了5年后,簡(jiǎn)開(kāi)始在鄉(xiāng)下做一名醫(yī)生。takeup—tostartorbeginsth.開(kāi)始做某事,根據(jù)句意,選C。答案:C4.putoff推遲;拖延;使分心,使厭惡【精講拓展】putawayv.放好,儲(chǔ)存……備用putonv.穿上,裝出,假裝,表演,上演27putupv.舉起,抬起,張貼putintov.把……翻譯成putdownv.放下,拒絕,鎮(zhèn)壓,削減,記下putoutv.放出,伸出,生產(chǎn),消除,撲滅putdown記下來(lái),寫(xiě)下來(lái)putaside放到一邊putback放回putupwith忍受,容忍assb.putsit正如某人所說(shuō)putforward提出,提前,撥快(時(shí)鐘)【典型例句】Don’tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。Themeetinghasbeenputoffforaweek.會(huì)議被推遲了1周。[劍橋高階]Hisattitudeputmeoff.他的態(tài)度使我不快。Thesuddennoiseputheroffhergame.突如其來(lái)的嘈雜聲分散了她比賽時(shí)的注意力。即學(xué)即用JustasProfessorScottioften________it,successisninety-ninepercentmentalattitude.(2009·安徽,25)A.getsB.makesC.putsD.means解析:句意:正如Scotti所說(shuō),成功是99%的內(nèi)心態(tài)度。assb.putsit意為:正如某人所說(shuō)。答案:C28Anoticewas________inordertoremindthestudentsofthechangedlecturetime.(2009·陜西,15)A.sentupB.givenupC.setupD.putup解析:句意:張貼通知是為了提醒同學(xué)們演講時(shí)間的變動(dòng)。putup張貼,建立,提高。符合題意。答案:D5.a(chǎn)ddupto總計(jì)達(dá),意味著【精講拓展】addup相加,把……加起來(lái)Addupyourscoreandseehowmanypointsyoucanget.把你得的分都加起來(lái),看總共能得多少分。addto增添,增加,增進(jìn)29Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.惡劣的天氣增加了我們的困難。add加,增加,又說(shuō),補(bǔ)充說(shuō)Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomemorehotwater.如果茶太濃了,再加點(diǎn)開(kāi)水。Afterashortwhile,headdedthathewouldtryhisbest.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒,他又接著說(shuō)他會(huì)盡力?!镜湫屠洹縏hevariousbuildingprogrammesadduptoseveralthousandnewhomes.各項(xiàng)住宅建設(shè)計(jì)劃總共將為人們提供幾千套新住房。[劍橋高階]ThenumberofpeoplewhowatchedtheEuro2004inChinaaddsuptoabout25million.在中國(guó)觀看2004年歐洲杯的觀眾人數(shù)達(dá)到2500萬(wàn)之多。Hisevidencereallyaddsuptothis:hedidn’tmurdertheman.他的證據(jù)實(shí)際上意味著:他沒(méi)有謀殺那個(gè)人。Therehavebeenseveralnewevents________totheprogramforthe2008OlympicGames.A.a(chǎn)ddB.toaddC.a(chǎn)ddingD.a(chǎn)dded解析:句意:有一些新的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目被加到了2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)里。根據(jù)句意events和add之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D。答案:D即學(xué)即用30Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,________thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.a(chǎn)ddingD.a(chǎn)dded解析:句意:來(lái)訪的部長(zhǎng)表達(dá)了他對(duì)談判的滿意,并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他在停留期間很高興。addthat意為“補(bǔ)充說(shuō)”,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,故選C做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。答案:C316.a(chǎn)dapt...to...適應(yīng)……【精講拓展】adjust指“調(diào)整”“調(diào)節(jié)”使之適應(yīng)Youcan’tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyes.你把望遠(yuǎn)鏡調(diào)節(jié)到適合你的目光之后,你才看得見(jiàn)。beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于usedtodosth.過(guò)去常做beaccustomedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于【典型例句】WehadtoadaptourplanstofitJack’stimetable.我們不得不改變我們的計(jì)劃來(lái)適應(yīng)杰克的時(shí)間安排。[劍橋高階]Healwaysadaptedeasilytonewcircumstances.他總是很容易使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。NativesintheAmazonjunglehavelearnedtoadapttonature.亞馬遜河流域叢林中的土著居民已學(xué)會(huì)了適應(yīng)自然。即學(xué)即用Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthatthey________veryeasilytonewenvironments.(2009·浙江,11)A.a(chǎn)daptB.a(chǎn)ppealC.a(chǎn)ttachD.a(chǎn)pply解析:句意:作為孩子的好處是他們很容易適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。adaptto為固定短語(yǔ),意為“適應(yīng)”。答案:A32重點(diǎn)句型1.It’snevertoolatetolearn.學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)太晚。【精講拓展】too+形容詞/副詞+動(dòng)詞不定式“結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)稱為“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)中常用的一種句型,在大多數(shù)情況下表示否定意義,在翻譯時(shí),通??勺g為“太……而不能……”“太……無(wú)法……”。下面就談?wù)劇皌oo...to”結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定的常見(jiàn)句型:句型Ⅰ:too+adj./adv.+todo這個(gè)句型是too...to的最基本的常用句型。too+形容詞或副詞,有時(shí)too后也可跟一個(gè)起形容詞作用的過(guò)去分詞。Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.這男孩年齡太小,不能上學(xué)。Thehatistoolargetowear.這帽子太大,沒(méi)法戴。Hewalkstooslowlytogetthereontime.他走得太慢,不能按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。I’mtootiredtothinkofanythingnow.我太累了,什么也不能想了。句型Ⅱ:too+adj./adv.+forsb./sth.todo/bev.-ed在“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)中加上一個(gè)forsb./sth.,以提示動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),可以起到一定的限制作用,即限制不定式所表示的動(dòng)作行為只是就它的邏輯主語(yǔ)而言的,對(duì)于其他人或物則不一定是這樣,這就使句子意思更具體、明白。Englishistoodifficultformetolearnwell.英語(yǔ)太難,我學(xué)不好。(具體指出誰(shuí)學(xué)不好,只是我學(xué)不好,可能別人學(xué)得好。)Thisquestionistoodifficultformetoanswer.這是一個(gè)我不能回答的難題。必須特別指出的是,并不是所有“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子都表示否定意義,在下列情況下,“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示肯定意義:(1)“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有but,only,all,never,not時(shí),是強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定的表示法,譯作“非?!薄笆帧薄皩?shí)在……”“真是太……”等。Iambuttoogladtodoso.我非常喜歡這樣做。WeareonlytoohappytoliveinChina.生活在中國(guó),我們太幸福了。Theyarealltoosatisfiedtogoanddothiswork.他們很樂(lè)意地去做這項(xiàng)工作。You’renevertoooldtoenjoyaChristmasstocking.你絕對(duì)不會(huì)老得不能獲得圣誕長(zhǎng)襪帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)。Englishisnottoodifficulttolearn.英語(yǔ)并不難學(xué)。(2)“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞,如ready,apt,eager,satisfied,inclined,kind,willing,easy,anxious等加動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)合成一個(gè)不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等。ComradeLeiFengwastooreadytohelpothers.雷鋒同志樂(lè)于助人。Theoldwomanistooapttoforget.這位老太太太健忘了。Wearetoowillingtobescientists.我們太想當(dāng)科學(xué)家了。Heistooinclinedtobecheated.他很容易上當(dāng)受騙。Hewastooanxioustodothisjob.他非常想干這件工作。Sheistoohardtodealwith.她極難相處。Iamtooeagertohaveaworldtravel.我很想有一次環(huán)球旅行。It’stookindofyoutotellmethat.(=Y(jié)ouareverykindtotellmethat.)你告訴我那件事真是太好了。2.NowI’m_about_tograduatefromtheschoolofContinuingEducation...我現(xiàn)在即將從繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院畢業(yè)……
【精講拓展】beabouttodo表示“即將,馬上”。Mrs.Brownwasabouttobegin,butJenniespokefirst.布朗夫人正要開(kāi)始講話,珍妮先講了。I’mnotabouttostopwhenI’msoclosetosuccess.在這樣接近成功時(shí)我不打算就此罷手。注意:習(xí)慣上不與具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。我們即將動(dòng)身。誤:Weareabouttostartatonce.正:Weareabouttostart.表示將來(lái)的固定用法:begoingto是打算要做的事情,比如說(shuō)你明天要去購(gòu)物,那么你就可以說(shuō):Iamgoingtodosomeshoppingtomorrow.will一般是臨時(shí)決定的事,這個(gè)決定是事先沒(méi)有安排的,比如說(shuō):Iwillplaybasketball.這個(gè)決定就是臨時(shí)的,而且這個(gè)will詞還帶有一定的意愿成分。shall是一個(gè)語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)的詞,表示一種意愿。beonthepointofdoingsth....when...正要,剛要做某事betodosth將要做……;注定要發(fā)生,吩咐,命令bedoing馬上要……即學(xué)即用Whenhe________thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.(2009·湖南,23)A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopendD.wastoopen解析:句意:當(dāng)他正要開(kāi)門(mén)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)鑰匙不見(jiàn)了。wastodo表示intendedtodo,所以選D。答案:D33—Annisinhospital.—Oh,really?I________know.I________goandvisither.(2009·江蘇,22)A.didn’t;amgoingtoB.don’t;wouldC.don’t;willD.didn’t;will解析:句意:——Ann在住院?!娴拿??我不知道,我馬上去看她。這里的我不知道是在對(duì)方?jīng)]告訴他之前,我不知道,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí);第二空用will指事先未經(jīng)計(jì)劃和安排的“意愿和打算”,故選D。答案:D34Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,________visitBeijingthissummer.(2009·陜西,7)A.isgoingtoB.a(chǎn)regoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto解析:本題主要考查主謂一致。togetherwith連接主語(yǔ)和前邊的保持一致,又因thissummer,故選A。答案:A353.Idecidedthatit_was_timeIbecameanInternetuser.我覺(jué)得是我成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時(shí)候了。
【精講拓展】Itistimethat...該是干什么的時(shí)候了,從句要用過(guò)去時(shí)或shoulddo...Itishightimethattheoldplanebescrapped.這架舊飛機(jī)該報(bào)廢了。Itishightimethatweputanendtothiscontroversy.現(xiàn)在的確該停止這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論了。It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.=It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.該你上學(xué)了。It’shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment.該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情了。Ithinkit’shightimethatshemadeuphermind.我想她該拿定主意了。Itistimeforsb.todosth.Itis/wasthefirst/secondtimethat+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)Thefirst/lasttimenexttimeeach/everytime即學(xué)即用單項(xiàng)填空ItisthesecondtimethatI________here,andIwanttocomeherefor________time.A.come;thethirdB.havebeen;athirdC.came;thethirdD.havebeen;thethird答案:B36完成句子________________________________________________(第一次我見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候),shewasreadingabook.________________________________(下次來(lái)的時(shí)候),bringyourdaughter.37ThefirsttimeImethimNexttimeyoucome38Shealmostburstsintotears___________________________________________________________(每次看傷心的電影)。eachtimeshewatchestheheart-rendingfilm394.Ihaveaslightfeelingthat_you_are_angry_with
me.What’sup?我感覺(jué)你有點(diǎn)在生我的氣。怎么回事?【精講拓展】thatyouareangrywithme是同位語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明feeling的內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句的用法:(1)在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我聽(tīng)到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在這里。(2)可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那里來(lái),他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。(3)英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通常有連詞that,whether,連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。)Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(4)有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.幾年以后,有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)拿破侖要親自視察他們。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。(5)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。①同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系,即說(shuō)明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容;而定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補(bǔ)充一些情況。ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue.我通過(guò)了考試這一消息是真的。(同位語(yǔ)從句,即從句所表達(dá)的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容。)Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue.他剛才告訴我的消息是真的。(定語(yǔ)從句,從句對(duì)前面名詞起修飾限制作用,即“他告訴我的”那個(gè)消息,而不是別的消息。)②關(guān)系詞在句中是否做成分。Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。(that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。)Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople.他提出的觀點(diǎn)令許多人感到吃驚。(that在從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ)。)(6)典型例題例1:Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.析:hewillbeback意義不完整,應(yīng)加“什么時(shí)候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部?jī)?nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例2:Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.析:hewenthome意義不完整,應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部?jī)?nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例3:(1)Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(上海)A.While B.That C.when D.a(chǎn)s析:答案為B。moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是Information的內(nèi)容,且Information不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:(2)Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities,thisistheinformation________hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.a(chǎn)s析:答案為B。thathasbeenputforward為information的修飾性定語(yǔ),且information在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以該句為定語(yǔ)從句。例4:Sheheardaterriblenoise,________broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析:答案為B。分析語(yǔ)境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知,該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為aterriblenoise,且它在從句中作主語(yǔ)。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:Ican’tstandtheterriblenoise________sheiscryingloudly.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析:答案為D。sheiscryingloudly是theterriblenoise的內(nèi)容,且theterriblenoise不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request________theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.(2009·重慶,31)A.thatB.whenC.WhichD.Where—Isthereanypossibility________youcouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem.(2009·浙江,12)A.whenB.thatC.WhetherD.WhatNewscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(2009·四川,7)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where即學(xué)即用404142解析:以上三道題都考查同位語(yǔ)從句,并且同位語(yǔ)從句中也不缺少任何成分,故三道題都選that,分別是A,B,C。答案:ABC4041425.Educationiswhatremainswhen_we_have_forgotten_allwehavebeentaught.教育就是那些當(dāng)我們完全忘記了所被教授的一切時(shí)所留下來(lái)的東西?!揪v拓展】(1)whenwehaveforgottenall是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;wehavebeentaught是定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞all,is后為what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,從句位于系動(dòng)詞后,所要填的詞指代物或事情,且從句缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等,例如:例:Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas________wedidthismorning.(全國(guó)Ⅰ,23)A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what解析:此題從句位于系動(dòng)詞was后,因此考查表語(yǔ)從句。從句中缺did的賓語(yǔ),所填的詞指“我們所做的事情,”所以答案為D。答案:D(2)特殊句式Ais/aretoBwhatCis/aretoD,意思是A對(duì)B之關(guān)系好比C對(duì)D之關(guān)系。此句式中what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,并且在從句中作表語(yǔ)。例:Enginesaretomachines________heartsaretoanimals.(山東,23)A.a(chǎn)sB.thatC.whatD.which解析:此題結(jié)構(gòu)符合上面的特殊句式,what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作表語(yǔ)。答案:C即學(xué)即用Americawas________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere解析:此題考查表語(yǔ)從句,并且從句中缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)為aplacethat,故選A。答案:ATheenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such答案:C44436.AndIwishtheywoulddecreasethesizeofclasses—it’snoteasydoinglessonsinlaboratorieswithbiggroups...我還希望他們能減少班級(jí)的人數(shù)——在實(shí)驗(yàn)室上課時(shí),小組人數(shù)過(guò)多不太好操作……
【精講拓展】
wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反。本句表示與將來(lái)相反,從句用“would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。還可以表示和現(xiàn)在,過(guò)去相反。(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反):從句用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(時(shí)間上是同時(shí)的)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)be用were,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。例:Iwish(that可省略,下同)Iknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道這個(gè)答案。(事實(shí)上是不知道)Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能)IwishIwereabird.但愿我是只小鳥(niǎo)。(事實(shí)上不可能)NowthatheisinChina,hewishesheunderstoodChinese.現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó),他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂)(2)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬(和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反):用wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),或would,could,might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Iwish(that可省略,下同)Ihadn’twastedsomuchtime.我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了)Hewisheshehadn’tlostthechance.他真希望沒(méi)有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(其實(shí)已失去)Wewishedhehadspokentous.(事實(shí)上他并沒(méi)同我們講)Iwishyouhadcalledearlier.(事實(shí)上已遲了)(3)對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬(表示將來(lái)的主觀愿望):從句動(dòng)詞“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”(時(shí)間上較后)(請(qǐng)注意:主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不相同)。用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的愿望。Iwishitwouldstopraining.(虛擬動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形stop)我希望雨能停止。(事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢)Iwishyouwouldbequiet.(would+be)我希望你安靜一些。(事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢)Youwishedshewouldarrivethenextday.(would+arrive)你希望她第二天會(huì)到。(事實(shí)上她還沒(méi)到)Iwishshewouldchangehermind.(would+change)我希望她會(huì)改變主意。(呵呵,女孩子可沒(méi)那么容易就改變主意喔)(4)注意:①如果將wish改為過(guò)去式wished,其后that從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變。IwishedIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.我要是那時(shí)沒(méi)有花掉那么多錢(qián)就好了。②如果that從句中用would,一般表示對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來(lái)有所改變或請(qǐng)求。Iwishhewouldanswermyletter.Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.Iwishyouwouldhelpme.即學(xué)即用HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad解析:此題考查wish的賓語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是和現(xiàn)在相反,用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故選B。答案:B457.Bentendstoliewheneverhefeelshemightgetintotrouble.本每當(dāng)感到會(huì)有麻煩的時(shí)候,他經(jīng)常會(huì)撒謊?!揪v拓展】whenever引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Youseemtohaveaready-madeanswer,wheneverIaskyouaquestion.每逢我問(wèn)你問(wèn)題,你總好像有現(xiàn)成的答案。Comewheneveryoulike.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。I’dliketoseeyouwhenever(it’s)convenient.一方便,我就去看你。【歸納拓展】whatever,whoever,whichever,wherever等詞的用法。(1)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句它們都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句),其大意為“無(wú)論什么(是誰(shuí)、哪一個(gè)、什么時(shí)候、什么地方、如何)”等,相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)中的nomatterwhat(who,which,when,where,how)。如:Whatever(Nomatterwhat)yousay,Ibelieveyou.無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么,我都相信你。Whoever(Nomatterwho)telephones,tellthemI’mout.不管是誰(shuí)打電話,都說(shuō)我出去了。Whichever(Nomatterwhich)dayyoucome,I’llbepleasedtoseeyou.無(wú)論你哪天來(lái),我都?xì)g迎。Whenever(Nomatterwhen)youcome,youarewelcome.你什么時(shí)候來(lái),我們都?xì)g迎。Wefoundthepeoplefriendlywherever(nomatterwhere)wewent.無(wú)論我們走到哪里,我們都發(fā)現(xiàn)人們很友好。However(Nomatterhow)muchheeats,henevergetsfat.無(wú)論他吃多少,他都不發(fā)胖。注:有時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:無(wú)論他在哪里,我都要找到他。正:I’llfindhim,whereverheis.正:I’llfindhim,whereverhemaybe.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事都要保持冷靜。正:Keepcalm,whateverhappens.正:Keepcalm,whatevermayhappen.另外,whoever的賓格也是whoever,而不是whomever,后者在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)已基本不用,有的詞典已不收錄此詞。如:Whoeveryoumarry,makesurehecancook.不管你跟誰(shuí)結(jié)婚,他一定要會(huì)做飯才行。(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句除引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句外,whatever,whoever,whichever等還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句)。Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.她要他做什么,他就做什么。Iwilljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就說(shuō)什么。Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.誰(shuí)違反這些規(guī)則都將受到處罰。I’llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.請(qǐng)想要這票,我就把它給誰(shuí)。Whicheverteamgainsthemostpointswins.哪個(gè)隊(duì)得分最多,哪個(gè)隊(duì)就贏。Whicheverofusgetshomefirststartscooking.我們當(dāng)中無(wú)論哪個(gè)先到家,哪個(gè)就先開(kāi)始做飯。(3)用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,含有“究竟”“到底”之義。Whatever(Whatever)doyoumean?你到底是什么意思?Whenever(Whenever)didyoufindtimetodoit?你什么時(shí)候有空做這事?Wherever(Whereever)canthechildrenbe?孩子們究竟會(huì)在哪里呢?Whoever(Whoever)toldyouthat?到底是誰(shuí)告訴你的呢?Whichever(Whichever)didyouchoose?你到底選了哪個(gè)?However(However)didyouescape?你到底是怎樣逃出來(lái)的?CouldIspeakto________isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?(2009·全國(guó)Ⅰ,24)A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever解析:句意:我能和主管國(guó)際銷售的人交談么?whoever既作了to的賓語(yǔ),又作isinchargeofInternationalSales?的主語(yǔ)?!皐hoever”作代詞=anypersonwho/thepersonwho“任何人”
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