中考名詞復(fù)習(xí)

中考復(fù)習(xí)方案英語(yǔ)分冊(cè)clockclotheseggricebiketreesandflowersschoolwomanteacher專題--名詞第一章名詞一、中考考查重點(diǎn)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞的單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格單位詞名詞作定語(yǔ)e.g

adropofwater考點(diǎn)揭密1.掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞；2.掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法及用法；

3.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運(yùn)用，如：family,home,house,work,job等.4.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的用法；5.主謂一致的用法。

概念1.表示一類人或事物個(gè)體的名詞叫個(gè)體名詞：book，eraser，house，chair，student，waiter２．表示由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組合成的集合體的名詞稱為集體名詞:class，family，group，team３．物質(zhì)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物的名詞:milk，water，coffee，tea４．抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)＼品質(zhì)＼感情等抽象概念的名詞:happiness，love，knowledge，information，advice名詞專有名詞:theGreatWall,Janpanese,America,BeijingUniversity,Tuesday,March,Amy普通名詞

可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞：banana,worker,notebook,desk,city,book,umbrella集體名詞：class,family,group,team,people,police不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：water,wood,metal,silk,steelmilk,meat抽象名詞：information,pleasure,noise,room,love,knowledge,advice,money可數(shù)名詞

單數(shù)名詞:a+（形容詞）+單數(shù)單數(shù)

單數(shù)名詞：an+（形容詞）+單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式詞不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式treehouseexercisestudentparkmaptrees

houses

exercises

students

parks

maps

busboxbrushwatchdishstomachbuses

boxes

brushes

watches

dishes

1.一般情況在詞尾直接加s2.以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加esstomachs

thiefwifeleafwolfshelfknifehalfroof3.以f或fe結(jié)尾的，把f或fe變成v，再加esthieveswives

roofs

leaveswolves

shelves

knives

halvesstorypartybabydictionaryfamilycountrydaystories

parties

babies

dictionaries

families

countries

4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加esdays

photozooradiopianopotatotomatoherobamboo5.以o結(jié)尾的詞，有生命力的加es,沒有生命力的加sphotos

zoos

radios

pianos

potatoes

tomatoes

heroes

bamboos

6.不規(guī)則變化foottoothmanwomanchildmousesheepJapanesefeetmenwomenchildren

micesheepJapaneseteeth名詞特點(diǎn)詞尾加法詞尾讀音方法例詞一般情況加s清輔音后/s/.元及濁輔后/z/desks

appleserasersoranges以s/x/ch/sh結(jié)尾加ｅs/iz/boxesglasseswatches以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加es/iz/familiesbabies以“-o”結(jié)尾有生命的加es無(wú)生命的加s/z/potatoes

zoostomatoesphotos以“f/fe”結(jié)尾變f/fe為v再加es/vz/kniveswivesleavesthieves讀法不規(guī)則變化詞本身發(fā)生特殊變化：?jiǎn)螐?fù)同形：（1）man改成men:

manmen,womanwomen gentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemen

gentleman----gentlemen(紳士）(2)oo改成ee:footfeet，toothteeth goosegeese(3)其它：mousemice，childchildrensheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanesefish-------fish3.表示“某國(guó)人”的名詞，其變化有三種情況單復(fù)數(shù)相同：aJapanese----fiveJapaneseaChinese----twoChinese將man變?yōu)閙en:aFrenchman---twoFrenchmenEnglishman---EnglishmenEnglishwoman---Englishwomen,Dutchman---Dutchmen以an結(jié)尾的名詞，在后面+s:aGerman-----fiveGermansRussian---RussiansAmerican---AmericansIndian----IndiansItalian---ItaliansKorean-----KoreansAustralian—AustraliansCanadian----Canadians)

4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞trousersglassesshortspantssocksphysicsgoods貨物newsclotheswoods森林thanksfireworks煙花scissors

5.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式a.將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grow-up---------grow-ups成人aboystudent---boystudents男學(xué)生aflowershop--flowershops花店anappletree----appletrees蘋果樹girlstudent-----girlstudents女學(xué)生twinsister------twinsisters雙胞姐妹stonebridge-----stonebridges石頭橋b.當(dāng)名詞的第一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分為man或woman時(shí)，將2個(gè)構(gòu)成部分均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)awomanteacher-------

twowomenteachersamannurse----twomennursesamanteacher--------somementeachersawomandoctor-----threewomendoctors

不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)

(1)只有單數(shù)形式，一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。（２）不與不定冠詞a/an搭配（３）表示數(shù)量時(shí)與量詞搭配．Eg:aboxofmilk/apieceofnews（４）與修飾詞much/alittle/abitof/agreatdealof搭配（5）問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)時(shí)用Howmuch,但問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞前的量詞時(shí)則用howmany+量詞＋of+不可數(shù)名詞…?

如：*Mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday.Howmuchmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday?*Mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday.Howmanykilosofmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday?

既可做可數(shù)名詞，又做不可數(shù)名詞的：可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞

apaper

paper紙aglassglass玻璃anironiron鐵aroomroom空間achickenchicken雞肉aworkwork工作ayouthyouth青春afishfish魚肉一張報(bào)紙一個(gè)玻璃杯一個(gè)熨斗一個(gè)房間一只小雞一個(gè)作品一個(gè)青年一條魚

如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量1.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)，通過(guò)可數(shù)的詞來(lái)表示其量,表示結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+表量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”。如：apieceofbread-----twopiecesofbread,abagofrice------------threebagsofriceabottleofink---------fivebottlesofinkapieceofnews-----fourpiecesofnewsapieceofadvice,ablockofice,apieceofwork,acupofteaabasketoffood,adropofwateraboxofmilk--------twoboxesofmilk

如：Apieceofmeatisonthetable.Twopiecesofmeatareonthetable.2.可用不定量的詞來(lái)表示量：

muchmoney,somerice,alittlewater,abitofmilk,somepaper,agreatdealofwater,allthework,littletime,lotsofmoney,alotoftime1．—HowcanIgetsome____aboutthe2016OlympicGames?—WhynotsearchtheInternet？(2015，安徽)A．informationB．experienceC．practiceD．success2．The____ofteneatgrassonthehill.(2014，隨州)A．chickenB．horseC．cowD．sheepAD3．Therearelotsof____thatstudentshavetofollowinschool.(2015，江西)A．exercisesB．problemsC．skillsD．rules4．Healthisimportantforusteenagers，soweshouldeatmorevegetablessuchas____tokeephealthy.(2015，哈爾濱)A．tomatoesandpotatoesB．tomatosandpotatosC．tomatosandpotatoesDA考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格1．名詞所有格主要用來(lái)表示人或物的所有或所屬關(guān)系。下面是它的構(gòu)成方法：?jiǎn)卧~形式構(gòu)成方法例子普通單數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加'smyfather'sfriend我父親的朋友詞尾已有-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾只加'students'rooms學(xué)生們的房間詞尾不帶-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加'sChildren'sDay兒童節(jié)表示幾個(gè)詞共有的所有關(guān)系在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加'sJaneandMary'sroom簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗的房間表示幾個(gè)詞各自的所有關(guān)系在每個(gè)詞的詞尾加'sJane'sandMary'srooms簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗各自的房間表示某人的家、店鋪、辦公室等在詞尾加's，省略其后名詞atmyuncle's在我叔叔家2.名詞所有格有時(shí)可以表示地點(diǎn)。eg：atthedoctor's(在診所)gotoGrandpaLiu's(去劉爺爺家)3．“of＋名詞所有格”這種形式被稱為名詞的雙重所有格，常用來(lái)表示整體中的一部分。eg：afriendofmyuncle's(我叔叔的一位朋友)1．Theonlineshopsells____clothingataverygoodprice.(2015，鹽城)A．childandman'sB．childrenandmen'sC．children'sandmen'sD．children'sandmen2．Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour，thestudentstook____rest.(2015，石家莊)A．a(chǎn)fewminute'sB．a(chǎn)fewminutes'C．fewminutes'D．fewminute'sCB3．Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein____time？(2015，阜康)A．20years'B．20year'sC．20-years'D．20-year4．____fatherscan'tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegoneonbusiness.(2014，威海)A．JackandMike'sB．Jack'sandMike'sC．JackandMikeD．Jack'sandMikeAB5．Blackisafriendof____．A.Mary'smother'sB．Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMaryD．Marymother'sA6．I'msohungry.Pleasegiveme____toeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD．threepieceofbread7．—Whose____arethese?—IthinktheyareJohn's.(2015，永州)A.key

B．keies

C．keysCB8．—I'mtoldyourclasshas3newcomers.—Yes.Oneisa____，theothertwoare________．(2015，南充)A．Japan，GermanyB．Japanese，GermanC．Japanese，GermansD．Japanese，Germen9．Allthe____teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A．manB．menC．womanD．womenCD10．—Who'sthatgirloverthere?—Julia，sheisastudentof____．A．myfathersB．myfatherC．myfathersD．myfather's11．It'sdifficulttohearyour____becausethe________oftrafficistoohigh.A．voice，noiseB．sound，voiceC．noise，soundD．noise，voiceDA12．—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat'swrongwithhim?—Poorboy.Hisillnessisthe____ofeatingbadfood.A．causeB．resultC．reasonD．end13．—Canyoutellmewhotheoldwomanoverthereunderthebigtreeis?—Oh，she's____grandmother.A．TomandMike'sB．Tom'sandMike'sC．Tom'sandMikeD．TomandMikeBA14．I'dlike____．I'mthirsty.Whataboutyou？(2014，石家莊)A．twobottlesoforangesB．twobottlesoforangeC．twobottleoforangesD．twobottleoforange15．Youcanfindmany____aboutthefamousfilmstarontheInternet.(2015，內(nèi)江)A．newsB．picturesC．ticketsD．informationBB1.March8this_________Day.A.Woman'sB.Women'sC.Womans'D.Women2.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few3.Therearethree_________inourclass.A.Zhou'sB.ZhousC.Zhous'D.Zhous's4.It'saboutten_________walk.A.minute'sB.minutes'C.minuteD.minutes5.Thisroomis_________.A.BillandDavid'sB.Bill'sandDavid'sC.BillsandDavid'sD.BillandDavid課時(shí)訓(xùn)練(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)6.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful_________inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities7.Wouldyoulike_________?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat8.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks9.Tom'scarismorebeautifulthan_________.A.hisbrother'sandsisterB.hisbrotherandsisterC.hisbrothersandsistersD.hisbrother'sandsister's10.“NightingalPrize”isfor_________.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurses課時(shí)訓(xùn)練BACDD11.Themarketisn’tfarfromhere.It’sonly____bicycleride.A.halfanhours’B.halfanhour’sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf12.-----helpyourselfto_______.---------Thanks.Mum…ittastesgood.A.somechickensB.achickenC.somechickenD.anychicken13.—What_____doyoulikebest?—I