中英思維方式對比PPT

中英思維方式對比

語言————思維方式

體現(xiàn)反作用思維方式：中VS英

中國思維形象思維本體思維順向思維重整體偏綜合性思維重直覺“悟性”直線思維重倫理英美思維邏輯思維客體思維逆向思維重個體偏分析性思維重實證曲線思維重認知中國：Figurativethinking尚像—偏重形象起源：象形文字英美：Logicalthinking尚思—偏重抽象起源：腓尼基字母胸有成竹：Tohaveabambooinone’schestTohaveawellthought-outplan水深火熱的生活：LeadalifeindeepwaterandhotfireLeadalifeforextremehardship小伙子年輕年輕漂亮，腦子里卻是一張白紙。Aniceenoughyoungfellow,youunderstand,nothingupstairs.我軍勢如破竹，打得敵軍落花流水。Ourarmywonasmoothandoverwhelmingvictory.三個人品字式坐下，隨便談了幾句。Thethreemensatdownfacingeachotherandbegancasuallychatting.聰明人防患于未然，愚蠢者臨渴掘井。Wisdompreparestheworst,butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.形象思維：具體形象的詞——抽象事物——借物言志抽象思維：抽象名詞——具體事物——指稱意義實明直顯象虛暗泛隱曲《秋思》—馬致遠枯藤老樹昏鴉小橋流水人家古道西風瘦馬O’eroldtreewreathedwithrottenflyeveningcrows;’Neathtinybridgebesideaclearstreamflows;Onancientroadinwesternbreezealeanhorsegoes;----許淵沖譯《商山早行》--溫庭筠雞聲茅店月人跡板橋霜Thecockcrowsasthemoonseto’erthatchedinn;Footprintsareleftonwoodbridgepavedwithfrost.

許淵沖譯中國：本體型思維以人為中心來觀察、分析、推理和研究事物的思維方式英美：客體型思維把客觀自然界作為觀察、分析、推理和研究的中心本體VS客體思維Shehasbeenawidowonlysixmonths.譯1：她只當了6個月的寡婦。譯2：她的丈夫死了至今不過半年。Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，一點腳步聲也沒有。本體VS客體思維我想到了：這是只熟鳥，也許自幼養(yǎng)在籠中。Itoccurstomethatitmustbeatamebird.他贏錢贏得那么多，無怪乎眼紅的人，賭輸?shù)娜耍袝r說起這件事情便發(fā)牢騷。Hissuccessesweresorepeatedthatnowondertheenviousandthevanquishedspokesometimeswithbitternessregardingthem.順向思維VS逆向思維中國：面向著過去來區(qū)分時間先后“前”—過去的時間“后”-未來的時間英美：面向著未來過去：Back,after,past將來：Forward,before,futureThemotherisnotthere,shetookoffafewyearsback.------TheLoons登幽州臺歌前不見古人，后不見來者，念天地之悠悠，獨愴然而淚下

OnclimbingtheToweratYouzhouWherethesagesofthepast,Andthoseoffutureyears,Skyandearthforeverlast,Lonely,Ishedsadtears.順向VS逆向思維您先請九五折自學東北西南鋼鐵工業(yè)水火不容不管晴雨Afteryou!AfivepercentdiscountSelf-taughtNortheastsouthwestIronandsteelindustryAsincompatibleasfireandwaterRainorshine中國：重整體偏重綜合性（從多到一）對稱與和諧語法的隱含性句法的意合性詞義的籠統(tǒng)與模糊性英美：重個體偏重分析性思維（由一到多）語法的外顯性句法的形合性詞義的具體性重整體VS重個體

起源——造字法中國：形聲造字法英美：”原子主義“=原子核+核外電子”木”旁：松柏桃李樹林Pine，cypress，peach，plum，tree，forest“水“旁：江河湖泊海洋深淺

river，lake，sea，ocean，deep，shallow綜合性VS分析性春花含苞待放,綠葉緩緩舒展,溪水潺潺流淌,歡樂的春天涌動著無限的追求和希望,這一切難以用語言傾訴表達。Springhassomuchmorethanspeechinitsunfoldingflowersandleaves,andthecoursingofitsstreams,andinitssweetrestlessseeking!(JohnGalesworthyTheAppleTree)對稱與和諧生存在功利社會，奔波勞頓，勾心斗角，若想做到從心所欲，難哉兮！Inabusinesssociety,wherepeoplerunaboutinpursuitofpersonalgainsattheexpenseofothers,itisreallydifficulttodoasyouplease.對稱與和諧善欲人見，不是真善；惡恐人知，便是大惡。Agooddeedisnogooddeedifitisdoneforshow.Anevilisalltheworseifitiscoveredup

時(tense)體(aspect)語態(tài)(voice)語氣(mood)我完全被吸引住了，死死地盯著看，一個同伴問我是不是認識這肖像。我就在想，除了幾個我認識的人外，我肯定是唯一知道的人了。Iwastotallyarrested,andasIstoodgazingonit,mycompanionaskedmeifIknewthewhoitwas.Iwasthinkingthat,beyondafewwhomcouldname,Imustbealmosttheonlypersonwhocouldknow.語法的隱形VS顯性意合VS形合意合—靠句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系形合---靠語言本身AndItakeheartfromthefactthattheenemies,whoboastthattheycanoccupythestrategicpointinacoupleofhours,havenotyetbeenabletotakeeventheoutlyingregions,becauseofthestiffresistancethatgetsintheway.由于受到頑強抵抗，吹噓能在幾小時就能占領(lǐng)戰(zhàn)略要地的敵人甚至還沒能占領(lǐng)外圍地帶，這一事實使我增強了信心。詞義的朦朧VS具體漢語詞義較籠統(tǒng)，英語語義較具體

“車來了”Herecomesthe…”車＝bus,minibus,lorry,taxi,bike,motorcycle…“借我一支筆”筆＝pen,ballpen,pencil,apieceofchalk,colorpen直覺VS實證中國：重直覺，”悟性“，”天人合一“英美：重實證，理性知識，”天人相分1）熱得我滿身大汗。Theheatmademesweat.Iwassweatingallover.2）不堅持，就會失敗。Onewillfailunlessonepreserves.直線思維VS曲線思維Itisatruth

universallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.(J.Austen,Prideandprejudice)凡是有錢的單身漢,總想娶個太太,這是一條舉世公認的真理。直線思維VS曲線思維Soccerisaverydifficultsport

.(1)Aplayermustbeabletorunsteadilywithoutrest.(2)Sometimesaplayermusthittheballwithhisorherhead.(3)Playersmustbewillingtobangintoandbebangedintobyothers.(4)Theymustputupwithachingfeetandsoremuscles.

重倫理VS認知中國：重倫理，集體主義，”大