高考英語語法填空解題技巧與方法

高考英語題型

—語法填空

高效解題技巧語法填空題—概況在高考英語試題中，取消單項選擇題，改為語法填空題，即在一篇約180多詞、難度適中的短文中有10個空格，要求按照句子的語法結構或括號內的具體要求完成詞形變化、語法填空等。新題型對學生掌握語言點提出了新的要求。

高考英語語法填空

解題技巧與方法Task:BriefIntroduction概況能力要求考查方式解題方向解題步驟考綱解讀一篇200字左右的短文或對話3-4個空白根據(jù)給出單詞的正確形式填空6-7個根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需內容（不多于三個單詞）能力考查：理解語篇、句子結構、運用語法、單詞拼寫1、閱讀/理解語篇的能力;2、分析句子結構的能力;3、熟練運用語法的能力。語法填空題—能力要求語法填空題—解題方向從語法角度去考慮，填的是語法詞，包括功能詞和詞形變換兩個方面。不限定一個詞。語法填空題—考查方式語法填空題的考查方式，主要有兩類：自由填空類和提示性填空類，這兩類考查的語言項目有所不同①

自由填空類?？疾榈恼Z言項目主要有：行文邏輯、連詞、介詞、關系代詞等。在復習這些語法要點的時候，可采取自由填空的練習進行訓練。②提示性填空類?？疾榈恼Z言項目主要有：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、情態(tài)動詞、冠詞等。語法填空題—解題步驟1、瀏覽全文把握語篇2、邊讀邊填先易后難

3、驗證復查清除難點命題揭密一讀二填三檢查◆三個解題步驟分析句子或分析語義,

確定詞性解題三步走提示：歸根到底其實就是尋找依據(jù)．每一個語法填空的空格里所需的單詞或短語其實都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依據(jù)通讀全文,理解大意總結提升檢查搭配,前后連貫一、純空格試題的解題技巧解題技巧在做題過程中，要時時聯(lián)系上下文，從語篇中去判斷空格處應填哪個單詞。

1、如果空格后是名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），就應該考慮空格處是否需要填冠詞(a,an,the)、物主代詞(my,your,his等)、指示代詞(this,that等)、不定代詞(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名詞所有格或形容詞等進行修飾。

解題技巧

2、相反，如果空格是在冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞之后，則應考慮填名詞。但不要忘記，要考慮名詞是否變復數(shù)，是否有所有格形式等。

解題技巧3.1)填動詞。一定要考慮動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，所以動詞形式的變化也是必不可少的。

如果空格前是助動詞（will,shall等）、情態(tài)動詞（can,may,must等）或是動詞加to的形式，則空格一定是。

如果空格前是have的各種形式，則想到構成。

如果空格前是be的各種形式，則想到用。動詞原形完成時進行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)解題技巧3.2）考查非謂語動詞，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和動詞不定式。如果與中心詞是主動關系，；如果與中心詞是被動關系，；動詞不定式todo表示將來。一般用V-ing形式一般用V-ed形式解題技巧4.空格處還有可能是系表結構，一般填形容詞形式。形容詞要根據(jù)上下文來確定意思，進而確定用哪個單詞；

有時也可以根據(jù)前后介詞的搭配來確定；

有時括號里會給出這個單詞的其他形式，讓你填出形容詞的形式。解題技巧5.缺少介詞。介詞可位于名詞之前。如atnight,onSunday等；也可位于形容詞之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；還可位于不及物動詞之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。解題技巧6.從句子結構考慮，如果空格前后都有句子，則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，選擇適當?shù)母痹~或連詞。表示遞進：because,forsince等；so,therefore,hence,thus等；further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等；

but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,actually,practically等。表示轉折：表示結果：

表示原因：解題技巧7、當句中主、謂、賓成分都不缺少時，則應考慮是否缺少副詞來修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子。常見的副詞有：always,usually,never,sometimes,not,hard,quite,very,still,almost,already等。解題技巧

8、從語境考慮，有時需要用情態(tài)動詞表示特定的語氣或感情。Let’shaveatry:

IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar

31(break)down

neararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursing詛咒mymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto

32

shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34

(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto

35

smalltownsome20kilometresaway

36therewasagarage.

Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.

37

villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked

38

(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman

39thetroubleIhadcaused

40

.(whole)

Clue?astory???Style:

IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35smalltownsome20kilometresaway36therewasagarage.brokewhoassettledawhere________________________________________________

Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39thetroubleIhadcaused40.OthermerrilyforherGrammaritemsNumbersofitems1.

動詞/非謂語動詞2(31.broke34.settled)2.引導詞2(32.who36.where)3.prep.(介詞)2(33.as39.for)4.adj.（

形容詞）1(37.Other)5.adv.(副詞)1(38.merrily)6.pron.(代詞)1(40.her)7.article(冠詞)1(35.a)真題分析與研究

Determiner(限定詞):Articles(冠詞):Conj.(連詞)Partofspeech(詞性),others:v.(-ing,todo,done)非謂語n./v./adj./adv./prefix/suffixNounclauses,（what,if,whether…）Adverbialclause,(when,where,why…)Attributiveclause(which,who,that,whose…)等各種從句some,whole,any,otherindefinitearticles不定冠詞(a/an)definitearticle定冠詞(the)Pron.(代詞)I,me,my,mine,myself轉折,并列,遞進……引導詞考點ExamplesTheInternethasbecomepartofyoungpeople’slife._1_reportshowsthat38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget_2_(use)informationontheInternet_3_usetheInternettohelpintheirstudies.Butmanystudentsdon’tuseit_4_agoodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,somevisitwebsites_5_shouldn’tlookat.Sobadthingsmayhappen_6_studentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet._7_isimportantforstudentstousetheInternetproperly.Nowwehaveatextbook,_8_usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.Somestudentsalsomake_9_ontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveaface-to-face_10_(meet)withyouronlinefriends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.AusefulandintheyifItwhichfriendsmeetingSuccessahead!Thankyou!例1（1）Althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease____.（09廣東）him

技巧1①：主句缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞（詞）。2.Janewaswalkingaroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult__wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.(2009)

3.Theyneedeachother____physicallyandemotionally.it

both

例.hewouldopenthebox,takeoutanimaginarykiss,andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulchild_________hadputitthere.who技巧1②：定語從句缺主語或賓語，一定是填適當?shù)年P系詞，如：who,that,which,whom。例.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingto___

shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme……(07廣東）who技巧1③：名詞性從句缺主語或賓語，根據(jù)句子意思填適當?shù)脑~，如：who/whom,what技巧2①：定語從句缺地點狀語用________________,缺時間狀語用_________________，缺原因狀語用____________。例2.Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway_______therewasagarage.

wherewhywhenwhere例.….____________oldyouare,it’snottoolatetomakeyourlifemoreinteresting.However技巧2②：狀語從句

缺地點狀語用________________,缺時間狀語用_________________，缺原因狀語用____________，缺方式狀語用___________________。

where/whereverwhen/wheneverwhyhow/however例.…Itissaidthatthefatherkeptthatlittlegoldboxbyhisbedforalltheyearsofhislife.__________________hewasdiscouragedorfacedwithdifficultproblemshewouldopenthebox,takeoutanimaginarykiss,andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulgirl…….When/Whenever

技巧3：當空格后面是名詞，若充當成分，填限定詞（冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞），很可能是填限定詞。例3.（1）Itissaidthat______short-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(920-1279)wasveryanxioustohelp_____ricecropgrowupquickly.hisa（2）Theyoungmanwenthomewithahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet_______studenttastethewater.（2010)another技巧4：介詞

的使用要注意搭配和上下文語境提示。例4.…Thelittlegirllooked______athimwithtearsrollingfromhereyesandsaid:“Daddy,it’snotempty.Iblewkissesintoit____itwasallfull.”upuntil例5.…Twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso______Candido

Portinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.and技巧5①

：若空格前后為并列的單詞、短語或句子之間，填連詞。例6.ListentothesewordsfromDarwinP.Kingsley:“Youhavepowersyouneverdreamedof.Youcandothingsyouneverthoughtyou_____do.

(2)Hehadnotimeorenergytoplaywithhischildrenortalkwithhiswife,buthe______bringhomearegularsalary.coulddid技巧6：若結構完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原型，且又與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很有可能是填____________或

_______________________________________________

。情態(tài)動詞表示強調或倒裝的助動詞（do,does,did等）例7(1)_____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精).(2)______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.ItOnly技巧7：由特殊句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞二、給出了動詞的試題的解題技巧例1.(1)ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_________(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed（一）

：若括號中給出的動詞為謂語動詞,考點為時態(tài)和語態(tài)，時態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后。wastoldgave(2)YoungBeethoven________(tell)thathehadnotalentformusic,buthe________(give)someofthebestmusictotheworld.（二）

：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用doing形式，done形式，還是todo形式。非謂語的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間的關系。1.____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocompletefollowedsaying2.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwilllbeverydark.”3.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.（三）詞類轉換題的解題技巧詞類轉化題鞏固練習1.“Thirty-fivecents,shesaid[36]_________(rude).2.Oneofthe[33]________(bad)giftchoicesIhadevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…3.[39]____________(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjustonly10minutesleft...!4.Itwashis[32]______(nine)yearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasangry.5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebook.6.Itwouldbe___________(believe)thatsuchanhonestmanshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends.ninthrudelyworstsuggestionUnfortunatelyunbelievable

.語法填空題—空格設計純空格有提示詞給出了動詞的試題詞類詞義轉換題謂語動詞，非謂語動詞,詞類轉換名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，從句引導詞，情態(tài)動詞，強調助動詞等

WhenyouareinEnglandyoumustbeverycarefulinthestreets1thetrafficdrivesontheleft.Beforeyoucrossastreetyoumustlooktotherightfirst2thentheleft.Inthemorningandintheeveningwhenpeoplegotoorcomefrom3,thestreetsareverybusy.Trafficismost4(danger)then.WhenyougobybusinEngland,youhavetobecareful,5.Alwaysrememberthetrafficmovesontheleft.Soyoumustbecareful.6(have)alookfirst,oryouwillgo7wrongway.InmanyEnglishcities,therearebigbuses

8twofloors.Yourcansitonthe9(two)floor,10youcanseethecityverywell.It’sveryinteresting.becauseandworkdangeroustooHavethewithsecondwhere

MostAmericansdon’tliketogetadvice1membersoftheirfamily.Theygetadvicefrom“2(strange)”.Whentheyneedadvice,theydon’tusuallygotopeopletheyknow.3,manyofthemwriteletterstonewspapersandmagazines4giveadviceonanydifferentsubjects5(include)familyproblems,theuseoflanguage,health,cooking,childcare,clothes,6evenonhowtobuyahouseoracar.Mostnewspapers7regular)printlettersfromreaderswithproblems.Alongwiththelettersthereareanswers8(write)bypeoplewhoaresupposedtoknowhowtosolvesuchproblems.Someofthesewritersaredoctors,9arelawyersoreducators.Buttwoofthemostfamouswritersofadvicearewomenwithoutspecial10(train)forthiskindofwork.fromstrangersInsteadthatincludingandregularlywrittenOtherstrainingThanksalot!根據(jù)此表，我們知道，語法填空的考點或考查內容是：

(1)純空格題：通?？?/p>

等四類詞。一個空格只能填

個單詞

(2)用括號中所給詞填空：通?？糭____、_____________________________、________________等。一個空格可以填

個單詞

冠詞、介詞、代詞和連詞一動詞形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級詞類轉換一,二或三Mycar__________________(repair)now.isbeingrepairedGroupWork

Discussthefollowingsentenceswithyourpartners,andtrytofindoutsomesimilaritiesofthewordsweuse.考點分析語法填空要求根據(jù)上下文填入動詞(verb)、名詞(noun)、代詞(pronoun)、冠詞(article)、介詞(prep.)、情態(tài)動詞(modalverbs)、連詞(conj)或引導詞、形容詞(adj.)和副詞(adv.)等詞或其適當形式3.…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto

smalltownsome20kilometersaway.考點一：冠詞

無提示詞

名詞之前Oncetherewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.

WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]_____shy,nervousperfectionist.

the

a考查語法點:定冠詞、不定冠詞的用法考點分析

a[解題技巧]下列情況很可能填

：(1)________+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))；(2)________+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))。下列情況下很可能填

：(1)________(+定語)+名詞+of等介詞短語(表示特指)；(2)________(+定語)+名詞+定語從句(表示特指)；(3)________(+定語)+名詞+不定式短語或分詞短語(表示特指)?？键c分析不定冠詞定冠詞1He’s___amazingsinger,amusicvideodirector,andhe……

2__university/European/unique

building/usefulbook

3Thisis____lawofAmerican—ofallsuccessfulpeople.4hourhonestboy_____8-year-oldboyX-rayphoto/umbrella/American

anathean考點二：介詞

無提示詞：注意搭配問題與名詞連用構成介賓短語擔任表語、狀語,補語等與不及物動詞構成動詞短語接賓語1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimisticsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_______sale.4.Hewasverytired_______________doingthisforawholeday…

of

at考查語法點:介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配考點分析onfrom/after考點三：代詞

無提示詞

作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格，注意形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別。指示代詞（that和this，these和those）,不定代詞，it,反身代詞等的用法考查語法點:代詞的基本用法考點分析1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_______

wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:asmile…

itherme考點分析[解題技巧]

因句子的主語或賓語主要由名詞、代詞、動名詞等充當，而名詞、動名詞通常會放在有提示詞的空格中考查，所以純空格所填詞在句子中作主語或賓語時，通常填代詞，包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞性物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞(不能作主語)等。在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞了?？键c四：并列連詞或從屬連詞

無提示詞兩個主謂結構連接1.Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains16theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.(2014廣州一模)

2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,

17factorypollutionturnedthelocalskyblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3√.Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches

why

when考查語法點:各類復合句中從屬連詞的用法考點分析wherethat[解題技巧](1)連接兩個功能對等的單詞或短語時，應填并列連詞and,or,but，so，for，either…or…等。(2)若兩個句子(有兩個主謂結構)之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有并列連詞，那空格處必定是填從屬連詞，否則，句子結構就不完整。根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系，或者根據(jù)句式結構，確定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,orso，for，either…or…等)還是某種主從復合句。然后根據(jù)各類從句的特點，結合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個連詞。考點分析考點五：謂語動詞

有提示詞與主語構成主謂結構1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.

wastold

kept考查語法點:謂語動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài),及主謂一致考點分析results考點六：非謂語動詞

有提示詞

?？疾閐oing/done/todo的用法Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift..…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows(眉毛)

(raise).

receiving

tocomplete

included考查語法點:非謂語動詞doing/done/todo等的使用考點分析raised5.……____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocomplete7.Somepeoplesaytheoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_____________(success.)tosucceed注意：作目的狀語或者在固定結構中，一般用todo形式。6.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.topass注意：名詞前有first,second,…last,only修飾時，后面要用todo做后置定語。8.Heisthelast

toleave（leave）

school.9.Sheistheonlyperson

toget

（get

）thejob.考點七：詞性轉換

有提示詞介詞、冠詞、所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞、副詞修飾形容詞副詞、動詞或整個句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(sugg