上海英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞(版)上海概況之地理氣候文化醫(yī)療交通人口住房

上海概況之地理，氣候，

文化，醫(yī)療，交通，人口，住房

Formostpeopletheveryword“Shanghai”

provokesexcitement,stimulatesimagination,

andraiseshopes.

“SothisisShanghai!”hasbeenausualexclamation

bynewcomers,

bothforeignersandtheChinese.GeographyShanghaiislocatedatthecentralsectionofthenorth-south

coastlineofChina.Thislocationhappenstobetheestuary['estj?(?)r?]（河口）ofYangtzeRiver,Asia’slongestandmostimportantriver.ThelandofShanghaiis6,340.5squarekilometers,borderedby（與...接壤）theYangtzeRiveronthenorth，theHangzhouBayonthesouth，theEastChinaSeaontheeastandtheTaihuLakeonthewest.AsapartofthealluvialYangtzeDelta（[?'l(j)u?v??l]長(zhǎng)江三角洲沖積平原）,Shanghaiisaflatlandwithanaveragealtitudeof4meters,apartfromafewhillsinthesouthwest.Overthelandaremanyrivers，canals，creeksandlakeswhichproviderichwaterresources.TheHuangpuRiverandtheSuzhouCreekarethetwomajorwaterwaysrunningthroughthecityproper（市區(qū)），providingbothscenicviews景觀(=scenicsports景點(diǎn)，風(fēng)景區(qū))andwatertransport.ClimateShanghaihasahumidsubtropical[,s?b'tr?p?k?l]monsoon[m?n'su?n]climate(亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候）andexperiencesfourdistinctseasons.Generallythewarmspringandcoolautumnaremorecomfortableseasons.Thesummerishotandhumid.Inwinterthenighttimetemperaturecoulddropbelowfreezing,butsnowfallsarerare.NamesThetwoChinesecharacters“上?！眎nthename“Shanghai”literallymean“uporon”and“sea”,whichisevidentofShanghai’slocationattheEastChinaSea.ShanghaiisalsocalledHuorShenforshort：Huwasoriginallyabamboofishingtooltheinhabitantsusedontheshoal[???l]morethanathousandyearsago.Itwassopopularthatpeopleuseditsnametorefertotheplacewhereitwasfound.ShenisadoptedinhonorofLord(of)Chunshen,alocally-reveredherointhe3rdcenturyBC.Thecityhasalsohadseveralnicknames（外號(hào)，別名）inEnglish,including“ParisoftheEast”,“TheParadiseforAdventurers”,and“ThePearloftheOrient”,justtonameafew,asreferencestothecityindifferentperiodsofhistory.GovernmentInmodernhistory,Shanghaihasbeenanimportantadministration.

Atpresent,itisoneofChina’sfourmunicipalities(theotherthree:Beijing,Tianjing,andChongqing).Shanghaiconsistsof17county-leveldivisions,including16districtsandonecounty,whicharefurtherdividedinto210town-shiplevelsub-divisions.EightofthedistrictsgoverntheformerpartofurbanShanghaionthewestbankoftheHuangpuRiver.Sevenofthedistrictsgovernsuburbs['s?b?:b],['s?t?la?t]satellitetowns,andruralareasfartherawayfrom(遠(yuǎn)離）theurbancore（市中心）.PudongNewAreagovernsthenewerurbanandsuburbanareasontheeastbankoftheHuangpuRiver,whichcoversalittlelessthanone-fifthofthetotalterritoryofShanghai.TheChongmingCountyadministersanareaof1,411squarekilometers,consistingofthreeislands:Chongming,ChangxingandHengsha,atthemouthoftheYangtzeRiver.CityFlower-thewhitemagnoliaIn1986,theShanghaiPeople’sCongresspasseda

resolutiontoadoptthewhitemagnolia(白玉蘭）[m?g'n??l??]

asthecityflower.ThewhitemagnoliaisamongthefewspringflowersinShanghai.ThemagnoliatreeblossomsasearlyasinMarchandisgenerallyconsideredastheherald['her(?)ld]ofspring.Whenitblossoms['bl?s(?)ms],thelarge,whiteflowersstanduprightonthebarebranches,lookingtowardsthesky.ThemagnoliarepresentsthepioneeringspiritofShanghai.Population-ALikemostinternationalcities,Shanghaiismadeupofimmigrants.Growingfromamarkettowntoaboomingmetropolis,thecityhasbeendrawingitsinhabitantsfromalloverthecountry,orratherfromallovertheworld,andfromallwalksoflife各行各業(yè)；各界人士.Fromthelate19thcenturytothemid-20thcentury,immigrantsconsistentlymadeupabout80percentofthecity’spopulation.Sincethe1990s,Shanghaihasbeenanincreasinginflux['?nfl?ks]ofmigrant['ma?gr(?)nt]workersfromotherprovinces.Inadditiontomigrantlaborers,Shanghaiattractswell-educatedpeoplefromalloverthecountry.InternationalfirmsandforeigninvestorsarealsosurgingintoShanghai.ThousandsofforeignersarecomingtoShanghaitotakeadvantageofthecity’sbusinessopportunities.Manyofthemhavefalleninlovewiththecityandsettleddown.Shanghaihasagainbecomehometotensofthousandsofexpatriates[?ks'p?tr??t].Population-BCurrently,thelong-termresidentsinShanghaimakeupapopulationof24millionincludingamigrantpopulationof9millionfromotherpartsofthecountryandaround200,000foreignresidents['rez?d(?)nt].About80percentofthemigrantsareworkersfromruralareas.ThesemigrantsaccountfortheentirepopulationincreasewhenShanghaihasregistered['red??st?d]anegativenaturalgrowthratesince1993.Itisworthnotethatmorethan20percentoftheregisteredpopulationisaged60andabove.OftheofficiallyregisteredforeignersinShanghai,Japanese,AmericansandKoreansarethethreelargestforeignnationalitieswhoaccountforabouthalfofthepopulation.Thesestatisticsonlyshowofficiallyregisteredresidents,andtheactualnumberislikelytobemuchhigher.Culture-AWithmostofitsresidentsbeingimmigrants,Shanghaihasamixedculture.ThemainelementsincludethelocaltraditionoftheYangtzeDelta,thebusinesscultureasaninnatefeatureofaport,thevariouslocalculturesbroughtinbytheimmigrantsfromtheotherpartsofthecountry,andtheforeigninfluencestatingfromthe1840s.Allthedifferentcharactersoftheimmigrantsmakeupthemulti-facetsoftheShanghaicharacter,whichcouldbesummarizedintwowords-----openessandinclusiveness.TheopenandinclusivecharacternotonlyallowsthecoexistenceofvariousthingsbutalsomakesShanghaiastrongbelieverinmodernity.ItispopularlyseenasthebirthplaceofeverythingconsideredmoderninChina.Culture-BRunningwater,gas,electricity,telephones,streetcars,automobiles,air-conditioning,etc.-----allappearedinShanghaisoonaftertheywereintroducedintheWest.ShanghaiwasknowforitsinitiativesintheWestern-stylehighereducation,foritsdevelopmentofthemodernmediaandthepress,andforitsleadingroleinfashion.ItsadventurouspursuitbroughtaboutitsprosperityinliteratureandfineartsanditsconcentrationofChina’sfinestmoviestudiosandtheaters.Themodernitypursuitalsoresultsinmanyotheraspects.Nowthecityispepperedwithtrendiestrestaurantsandbars,Asia’abiggestmalls,theworld’sfirstmaglevtrainandsomeoftheworld’stallestbuildings.Culture-CAsShanghaibecomesincreasinglyglobal,ithasturnedoutanumberofculturalfacilitiesonaparwiththeworldclass,suchasShanghaiMuseum,ShanghaiScienceandTechnologyMuseum,ShanghaiGrandTheater,ShanghaiOrientalAtrCenter,Mercedes-BenzArena,andShanghaiCircuit.Moreculturaleventsaregainingworldfame,includingShanghaiInternationalFashionCultureFestival,ChinaInternationalTeaExpo,ShanghaiSpringInternationalMusicFestival,ShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival,ChinaShanghaiInternationalArtsFestival,ShanghaiArtFair,ChinaShanghaiInternationalPianoCompetition,ShanghaiBiennial,ShanghaiRolexMasters,andF1China.Transport-ATransportationinShanghaiisabigconcernoftheresidents.Inthepast,peoplechosetotravelinthetownbybikes,andtherushhourswouldwitnessnarrowstreetsfilledupwithbikes.Withtheexpansionofurbanareaandtheeconomicgrowth,thebikeshavebeenreplacedwithprivatecars;therefore,thestreetscenesatrushhourstodayarecharacterizedbyfleetsofvariouscars.Asforthepublictransport,Shanghaihasanextensivesystem,largelybasedonbusesandarapidlyexpandingmetrosystem.Shanghaihastheworld’smostextensivebussystemwhichboasts1,200buslines,servicingnearly3billionpassengersinayear.Transport-BFormostcommuters,themetrolinesarethemostexpedientandtimelytransport,thoughequallycrowded.TheMetrorapid-transitsystemhas13linesatpresentandextendstoeverycoreurbandistrictaswellasneighboringsuburbandistrictssuchasSongjiangandMinhang.Thetwoairports,PudongInternationalAirportandHongqiaoInternationalAirport,aretwoterminalsofthemetrolines.By2013,thesystemhadbeenwellover500kilometers,thelongestintheworld.About2billionpassengersusethemetrosystemannually.Themaximumofpassenger-flowonasingledaywasrecordedover7million.By2020,themetrolineswillreachsome800kilometers,becomingthechiefmodeoftransportinShanghai.Transport-CTheShanghaiMaglevTrain,thefirstcommercialMaglevrailwayintheworld,wasconstructedbyTrans-rapidofGermanyincooperationwithShanghaiMunicipalityandtheShanghaiMaglevTransportationDevelopmentCo(SMT).TherouterunsfromLongyangRoadsubwaystationinPudongtoPudongInternationalAirport.Itscommercialoperationstartedin2003.The30kilometertriptakes7minutesand21secondsandreachesamaximumspeedof431km/h(267.8mph).Duringatestrun,theMaglevwasshowtoreachatopspeedof501km/h.Housing-AInacrowdedcitylikeShanghai,thehousingconditionhasbeenoneofthebiggestissuesfortheresidents.Intheconcessionperiod,akindofeclectic[?'klekt?k]折衷的residence['rez?d(?)ns]

calledShikumenwascreatedtoaccommodatethedensepopulation適應(yīng)稠密的人口.Thesetwo-orthree-storytownhousesareconnectedandarrangedinstraightalleys,knowasnongtang.TodayportionsoftheShikumenhousesarepreservedintheformerFrenchQuarters法租界whilemanyotherswererazedtomakewayforcommercialprojectsorpublicworks.Housing-BSincethe1990s,blocksafterblocksofapartmentbuildingshavebeenerectedalloverthecityandturnedmuchoftheformersuburbsintoresidentialquarters居民區(qū).Itisestimatedthatmorethan90percentoftheresidentialbuildingsintoday’sShanghaiareapartments.Manynewlybuiltapartmentsarefoundingarden-likecommunities.Over80percentoftheurbanresidentsnowhavetheirownresidenceswhicharefurnishedtothemodernstandards.Forthosethatcannotaffordaprivate-ownedapartment,thelow-renthousingpolicyprovidesasecuredlivingquarterforthem.Currently,thepercapitalivingspaceforurbanresidentsisover17squaremeters.Healthcare-AInessence大體上['es(?)ns],Shanghaisurelyboastsagoodhealthcaresystematworkandthesectorcontinuestogetbetter.Thereareabout3,500healthcareinstitutionsonservicealloverthecity,includingmorethan300hospitalsandabout3,000communitymedicalcenters,capableofadministeringbasichealthcare.WesternmedicineandtraditionalChinesemedicaltreatments(TCM)中醫(yī)治療

arebothonofferhere.Probably,somewesterndoctorsareinclinedtodismisstheTCMtreatments;howeverthefactofthematteristhatmanyWesternersareconvincedoftheireffectiveness,aftertakingthemon.PrivatehospitalsandclinicsinShanghaiarealsobecomingmorecommon-placeinrecentyears.Theseareusuallyjoint-ventureinstitutions合資機(jī)構(gòu).Healthcare-B

Shanghai’sregisteredresidentsareallcoveredbythegovernment’ssocialwelfareinsuranceplan,throughwhichcitizenspayaninsurancepremium[保險(xiǎn)]保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

viatheiremployerorbythemselvesandinturnreceivemoneyfortheirpublichospitalfees.Thoughthemedicalprofessionalsforsobigapopulationareinsufficient,localpeoplearenowenjoyingbetterhealthcare.TheaveragelifeexpectancyforShanghairesidentswasreported82.41yearsin2012.Education-BAfterthat,theywouldgoaheadtohighschoolsorvocationalschools.Thegrossenrollmentratioatthecollegelevelreached70percentin2012.Abouthalfamillionstudentsarestudyingat67universitiesorcolleges.QuiteanumberofChina’smostprestigiousuniversitiesarebasedinShanghai,includingFudanUniversity,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,TongjiUniversity,EastChinaNormalUniversity,ShanghaiUniversity,ShanghaiInternationalstudiesUniversity,ShanghaiUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,etc.Intheeducationsystem,theprivatesectorcontributesasignificantproportion,claiming180primaryschools,112middleschoolsand20colleges.Theprivate-runkindergartensarenumbered500,morethanonethirdofthetotal.Education-AShanghaihasanall-roundeducationsystemwithmorethan3,100schoolsprovidingeducationfrompreschoolthroughhigherlearning.Atthepreschoollevel,1,400kindergartenscaterforhalfamillionkids.Attheprimaryandthesecondarylevels,over1,600schoolsprovideeducationfor1.5millionstudents,including29specialschools.Shanghaiadoptsthenine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Inthenine-yearprogram,pupilatpublicschoolsareprovidedwithbooksbythegovernmentandnotuitionfeesarecharged.Themajorityofthechildrenstarttheirschoolingatageof6andfinishthecompulsoryperiodataround15yearsold.LivingstandardsTheaveragedisposableincomeforanurbanresidentinShanghaiisalittleoverRMB40,000yuanperyear.Theminimumwageis1,620amonth.Theconsumptionexpenditure消費(fèi)支出is26,000yuanyearlyontheaverage.Foodcosttakesup36to40percent,trafficandcommunications17percent,andeducationandrecreation14percent.Thosewhohaveahigherincometendtospendmoreontraffic,recreationanddiningout.Asurveyshowsthatoneoutoffivehouseholdsownsacar.Tomaintaintheminimumlivingstandard,somefamiliesinShanghaiareofferedthesubsistenceallowancebygovernment,whichinRMB640yuanamonthin2014.ProperNounsandTermsChinaFinancialFuturesExchange中國(guó)金融期貨交易所ChinaInternationalTeaExpo上海國(guó)際茶文化節(jié)（每年4月）ChinaShanghaiInternationalArtsFestival中國(guó)上海國(guó)際藝術(shù)節(jié)（每年10月）ChinaShanghaiInternationalPianoCompetition上海國(guó)際青年鋼琴比賽（每年11月）China(Shanghai)PilotFreeTradeZone中國(guó)（上海）自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)Compulsoryeducation義務(wù)教育Disposableincome可支配收入Finechemicalprocessing精細(xì)化工制造業(yè)Finesteelproductsmanufacturing精品鋼材制造業(yè)Formula1ChinaF1大獎(jiǎng)賽中國(guó)站Gardenestates花園洋房GDP(grossDomesticProduct)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值ProperNounsandTermsInsurancepremium保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)Inter-bankLendingandBondMarket全國(guó)銀行間貨幣與債券市場(chǎng)TheInternationalSettlement公共租界TheJanuary28Incident一二八事變Manhattan曼哈頓（紐約著名商業(yè)街）Mercedes-BenzArena梅賽德斯-奔馳文化中心Navigationregions航區(qū)Negativelist負(fù)面清單Pre-establishmentnationaltreatment準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇Productionofcompleteequipment成套設(shè)備制造Recordingsystem備案制度ProperNounsandTermsShanghaiArtFair上海藝術(shù)博覽會(huì)（每年11月）ShanghaiBiennial

[ba?'en??l]上海雙年展（每年11月）ShanghaiCircuit['s??k?t]上海賽車(chē)場(chǎng)ShanghaiFutureExchang