Unit5 課文譯文及知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)課件【知識(shí)建構(gòu)+精講精練】高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

ChemicalVersusOrganicFarmingEvaluatechemicalfarmingandorganicfarming1ReadthePassage

Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeoples’health.ChemicalVersusOrganicFarmingMarkwhereitneedsapause.

Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatuseddifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground’ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.2課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解ChemicalVersusOrganicFarming化學(xué)耕作與有機(jī)耕作versus:usedtocomparetwodifferentideas,choices,etc.（比較兩種不同想法、選擇等）與…相對(duì)，與…相比Para1

Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirst

introduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeoples’health.1.pesticide：pest害蟲(chóng)+i+cide=kill\cut“切開(kāi)，殺”2.inwidespreaduse在廣泛使用中3.introduce:推行；實(shí)施；采用4.fightcropdisease抵制作物病害tofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction不定式作agreatway的后置定語(yǔ)5.overtime隨著時(shí)間的流逝5.whatsomescientistshavefound是what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句Para2

Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.1.bacterian(單數(shù)bacterium）細(xì)菌2.inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次3.digestvtvi消化；vt領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟4.asfor至于。asfor常位于句首，用以轉(zhuǎn)換話題。5.too---to---太而不能6.essential:~(to/forsth)~(todosth)~(that...)SYNvital完全必要的；極其重要的1．inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流Thisinturnattractsmoreusersandadvertisers,andsoon.這反過(guò)來(lái)又吸引了更多的用戶和廣告商等。Wewillexamineeachofthesemethodsinturn.我們將依次逐個(gè)分析這些方法。知識(shí)總結(jié)(1)taketurnstodo/indoingsth.輪流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了byturns輪流地，交替地(2)inreturn作為回報(bào)inreturnfor作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)歸納總結(jié)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thechildrencalledouttheirnames_____turn.②It’smyturn___________(clean)theclassroom.③Theoryisbasedonpracticeand______turnservespractice.④Thisbookis,______turns,funnyandsad.in

toclean

in

by

牛刀小試完成句子⑤閱讀故事可以明顯增加人與人之間的互動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)而降低壓力水平。Readingstoriescanleadtoanoticeableincreaseinhumaninteraction,which__________canlowerstresslevels.⑥我們給我們的學(xué)生提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育。作為回報(bào)，我們期待學(xué)生能努力學(xué)習(xí)。Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.____________，weexpectstudentstoworkhard.⑦他請(qǐng)我們吃了一頓大餐，以報(bào)答我們的幫助。Hetreatedustoabigmeal_____________urn

Inreturn

inreturnfor

2．essentialadj.(that...)completelynecessary;extremelyimportantinaparticularsituationorforaparticularactivitySYNvital完全必要的；必不可少的；極其重要的eg:ThewordsareessentialforeverybodytolearnEnglish.ItisessentialthatyougetavisabeforeyoutraveltotheUSA．歸納總結(jié)beessentialto/for對(duì)……很重要Itisessentialthat…(should)do…做……是完全必要的。Itisessentialforsb.todo…對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做……是完全必要的。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Sunandwaterareessential______thegrowthofcrops.②Itisessentialforus_________(set)ourgoalrealistically.③Itisessentialthatyou_______________(learn)Chinesehistory.完成句子④你有必要早點(diǎn)回家。__________________youshouldcomehomeearly.⑤豐富多樣的文化生活對(duì)這對(duì)夫婦而言是至關(guān)重要的。Arichandvariedculturallife________________thiscouple.

to

toset

(should)learn

Itisessentialthat

isessentialfor

牛刀小試Para3

Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.1.alternative可供選擇的事物havenoalternativebuttodo除了做某事---別無(wú)選擇2.switchto/turnto轉(zhuǎn)向，轉(zhuǎn)變3.grocery食品雜貨店，（pl食品雜貨）4.keep---freeof/from使---免受---傷害（或影響等）5.throughnaturalmeans通過(guò)天然的方法alternative

n.athingthatyoucanchoosetodoorhaveoutoftwoormorepossibilities可供選擇的事物adjthatcanbeusedinsteadofsthelse可供替代的Ihadnomoney,soIhadnoalternativebuttostayathome.Youhavethealternativeofspeakingorkeepingquiet.Allthealternativeroutesaregiventocardriversbycomputers.歸納總結(jié)①havenoalternativebuttodosth.＝havenochoicebuttodosth.別無(wú)選擇只能做某事②havethealternativeof擁有……的選擇權(quán)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thepolicehadnoalternativebut_________(set)themanfreewithoutenoughevidence.完成句子②Thecriminal________________________(除……別無(wú)選擇)totellthetruthofhiscrime.句型轉(zhuǎn)換③Ihadnochoicebuttoreporthimtothepolice.→I__________________________reporthimtothepolice.toset

hadnoalternativebut

hadnoalternativebutto

牛刀小試Para4

Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatuseddifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground’ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.1.forinstance/forexample例如，比如2.makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。3.depthn向下（或向里）的距離；深度4.putdownroots生根；定居5.Thegoal---istodo目的是做某事1.forinstance(＝forexample)例如；比如Thereareanumberofimprovements;forinstance,bothmousebuttonscannowbeused.在許多地方有了改進(jìn)，例如，鼠標(biāo)的左右鍵都可以使用了。Shehasmasteredseveralforeignlanguages,forinstance,French.她精通幾種語(yǔ)言，例如法語(yǔ)。知識(shí)總結(jié)suchas，thatis，forexample(1)suchas意為“例如，諸如……之類(lèi)的”，用來(lái)列舉同類(lèi)的人或事物中的幾個(gè)。放在被列舉的人或事物之前。Alotofthingscanberecycled,suchaswastepaper,wasteplasticbags,andoldbatteries.很多東西都可以回收，比如廢紙、廢塑料袋和舊電池。(2)thatis或namely意為“即，也就是”，用于把同類(lèi)的人或事物全部列舉出來(lái)。放在被列舉的人或事物之前。Ihavethreefriends,namely,Tom,JackandMike.我有三個(gè)朋友，即湯姆、杰克和邁克。(3)forexample意為“例如，比如”，用于列舉同類(lèi)的人或事物中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)，作插入語(yǔ)，且常用逗號(hào)將它與句子其他部分隔開(kāi)，可位于句首、句中和句末。Mostboysintheclasslikephysics.Tom,forexample,showsaspecialinterestinit.班上的大部分男孩兒都喜歡物理。比如湯姆就對(duì)物理特別感興趣。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wemademanyimprovementstoourhouse,_______instance,wepaintedthewalls.完成句子②Letyourchildmakesomeofthesmalldecisionsconcerninghisdailyroutine._____________(例如),allowhimtochoosewhatclotheshewearsattheweekend.for

Forinstance

牛刀小試2.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.為什么要種植不同的作物，是因?yàn)樗麄儼阎匾牡V物質(zhì)放回地里，讓它為下一批作物做好準(zhǔn)備。這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。Whydifferentcropsaregrown是why引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；is是系動(dòng)詞；becausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground在句中作表語(yǔ)，是表語(yǔ)從句。句子分析本句中makingit…為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示前面的情況所造成的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于whichmakesitready…，making的邏輯主語(yǔ)為前面的整個(gè)句子；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)或which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這種結(jié)果是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作帶來(lái)的。動(dòng)詞不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，但它通常表示一種“偶然的，出人意料的”結(jié)果，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這種意外的結(jié)果，可在不定式前面加only，譯為“(結(jié)果)卻……；只(只是)……”。Ihurriedtohishouse,onlytofindhimout.我急急忙忙趕到他家，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家。ManypeoplemovedtoNewYork,makingitthelargestcityintheUSA．很多人去了紐約，使之成為美國(guó)最大的城市。Hisparentsdiedearly,leavinghimanorphan(＝andlefthimanorphan).他的父母早亡，使他成了孤兒。Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor(＝andhithisheadagainstthedoor).那孩子滑了一跤，頭撞到了門(mén)上。完成句子①Hehurriedtothebookingoffice____________________________________________________(結(jié)果被告知所有的票都賣(mài)完了).②Hefelloffthebike,_________________________________(頭撞到了一塊大石頭上).③MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_______________________(使更容易)forpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.onlytobetoldthatallthetickets

havebeensoldout

hittinghisheadagainstabigstone

makingitmucheasier

牛刀小試3.depthn.向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)Theoilwellextendedseveralhundredsoffeetindepth.油井向下延伸了數(shù)百英尺。Ihaven’tlookedatthereportindepthyet.我還沒(méi)有細(xì)看這份報(bào)告。Thesubmarineliesatadepthof6,000feetintheBarentsSea.這艘潛艇位于巴倫支海下6000英尺深處。(1)indepth全面，深入，詳細(xì)atadepthof…在……的深處(2)deepadj.深的adv.在深處，至深處，深深地bedeepinthought陷入深思deepintothenight直到深夜deeplyadv.很，非常；強(qiáng)烈地，深刻地deepenvi.&vt.加深，(使)變深vt.增長(zhǎng)(知識(shí))，加深(理解)歸納總結(jié)(2)與“deep—depth—deepen”變形相似的詞還有：adj.highwidelongstrongbroadn.heightwidthlengthstrengthbreadthv.heightenwidenlengthenstrengthenbroaden

單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)fyoucometovisitChina,youwillexperienceacultureofamazing_________(deep)andvariety.②Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto______________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.③(2021·北京四中期末)Rangingfrom84cmtomorethan150cmin__________(long),longboardslooklikeotherskateboards.④Thereuniondinnerhelps__________(deep)familytieswhiletheexchangeofgiftsandgreetingsenhancesrelationsbetweenfriends.depth

strengthen

length

deepen

牛刀小試完成句子⑤這個(gè)話題將在下學(xué)期深入討論。Thissubjectwillbecovered___________nextterm.⑥2012年6月27日，“蛟龍”號(hào)潛入到太平洋7062米的深度。OnJune27,2012,theJiaolongreached____________7,062metersinthePacificOcean.indepth

adepthof

Para5

Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.1.entirely全部地；完整地；完全地2.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingso主語(yǔ)從句，that---引導(dǎo)的是fact的同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明fact的內(nèi)容。3.servevt對(duì)-----有用，能滿足----需要serve/meet/satisfythedemand(s)for滿足對(duì)------需要servetheinterestsof符合----的利益4.nowherenear遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有；遠(yuǎn)不及

3課文譯文自二十世紀(jì)中葉以來(lái)，化學(xué)農(nóng)藥和人工肥料便廣泛應(yīng)用于耕作。引入之初，二者被許多農(nóng)民視為抵制作物病害、增加產(chǎn)量的好方法，因面頗受歡迎。然而，隨著時(shí)間的推移，一些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，長(zhǎng)期使用它們有時(shí)會(huì)危害土地和人類(lèi)健康。Para1

Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirst

introduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeoples’health.例如，農(nóng)藥在殺死有害細(xì)菌和昆蟲(chóng)的同時(shí)，也會(huì)殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲(chóng)，從而破壞土地。此外，這些化學(xué)品會(huì)長(zhǎng)期我留于土壤和地下水源中。這會(huì)影響土里種植的作物，繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜。很多人擔(dān)心這些化學(xué)品會(huì)致病，甚至引發(fā)癌癥。事實(shí)上，由于對(duì)人類(lèi)和環(huán)境有害，“滴滴涕”等農(nóng)藥在大多數(shù)國(guó)家已被禁用。至于化學(xué)肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生長(zhǎng)過(guò)快而營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。此類(lèi)作物外表靚麗，而內(nèi)里卻經(jīng)常是水分多于必需礦物質(zhì)，并且往往口感較差。Para2

Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.作為一種替代方法，有些農(nóng)民已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作，而且許多消費(fèi)者在當(dāng)?shù)厥畴s店購(gòu)物時(shí)，也轉(zhuǎn)而選擇有機(jī)食品。有機(jī)耕作就是不使用任何化學(xué)品的耕作。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民注重通過(guò)天然的方法保持土壤肥沃，沒(méi)有病害。例如，許多有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民使用天然的牲畜糞便作為肥料，使農(nóng)田土壤富含礦物質(zhì)，也避免化學(xué)品進(jìn)入空氣、土壤、水源和作物。Para3

Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.For