中國(guó)文化概覽

8.8CulturalMosaicScienceandCivilizationinChina王愷怡

20121001227CulturalMosaicMosaic英[m??'ze??k]n.馬賽克;鑲嵌圖案;鑲嵌工藝;[植]花葉病;adj.摩西的;拼花的;vt.鑲嵌;用馬賽克裝飾;Mosaic馬賽克最早起源于美索不達(dá)米亞一帶，希臘、羅馬地區(qū)最具盛行，發(fā)展至今已有幾千年了。Mosaic（馬賽克）原先的意思是由各種顏色的小石子組成的圖案，又稱“碎錦畫”、“鑲嵌細(xì)工”。現(xiàn)在馬賽克已經(jīng)由建筑衍生到家庭生活環(huán)境里，為生活增添許多美麗的風(fēng)景。JosephNeedhamBiographyEarlyyearsNeedhamwastheonlychildofaLondonfamilyandhewaseducatedatOundleSchoolbeforereceivinghisbachelor'sdegreein1921fromtheUniversityofCambridge,master'sdegreeinJanuary1925anddoctorateinOctober1925.HehadintendedtostudymedicinebutcameundertheinfluenceofFrederickGowlandHopkinsandswitchedtoBiochemistry.JosephNeedhamScienceandCivilizationinChinaIn1948,Needham,proposedaprojecttotheCambridgeUniversityPressforabookonScienceandCivilizationinChina.Withinweeksofitbeingaccepted,theprojecthadgrowntosevenvolumesandithasexpandedeversince.ThefirstyearsweredevotedtocompilingalistofeverymechanicalinventionandabstractideathathadbeenmadeandconceivedinChina.ScienceandCivilizationinChinaTheseincludedcastiron,theploughshare,thestirrup,gunpowder,printing,themagneticcompassandclockworkescapements,mostofwhichwerethoughtatthetimetobewesterninventions.Thefirstvolumeeventuallyappearedin1954.ScienceandCivilizationinChinaVOL.I.IntroductoryOrientations導(dǎo)論VOL.Ⅱ.HistoryofScienceThought科學(xué)思想史VOL.Ⅲ.MathematicsandtheSciencesoftheHeavensandEarth數(shù)學(xué)與天地科學(xué)VOL.Ⅳ.PhysicsandPhysicalTechnology物理與物理科技NewWordsOrientation[??:ri?n?te??n]

n.方向定位取向外交等方針態(tài)度的確定環(huán)境的判定任職培訓(xùn)

ScienceandCivilizationinChinaVOL.Ⅴ.ChemistryandChemicalTechnology化學(xué)與化學(xué)科技VOL.Ⅵ.BiologyandBiologicalTechnology生物與生物科技VOL.Ⅶ.TheSocialBackground社會(huì)背景NewWordsmagistery[‘m?d??st?r?]

（煉金術(shù)或古代醫(yī)藥學(xué)中的）奇藥，林丹妙藥Cinnabar[英][?s?n?bɑ:(r)]n.朱砂，辰砂Syntheticinsulin人工合成胰島素Fermentation發(fā)酵FurtherStudiesWhatarethecontributionsoftheFourGreatInventionsofancientChinatotheworld?Fourgreatinventionsinhumanhistory,scienceandcultureleftabrilliantpage.Thesegreatinventionswhichhaveaffected,andthebenefitofthewholeworldtopromotetheprogressofhumanhistory.FurtherStudiesTrytoillustrateandexpl