英語(yǔ)句子成分分析

v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改PAGE句子成分（SentenceMembers）句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)，是理解和表達(dá)英語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵。英語(yǔ)中許多詞類都對(duì)句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)有影響。英語(yǔ)中的句子是由詞或短語(yǔ)組成的，這些詞或短語(yǔ)在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。英語(yǔ)的篇章是由句子構(gòu)成的，不同的內(nèi)容需要不同類型的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，這些句式結(jié)構(gòu)又構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)中不同的句子類型。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)句法的基礎(chǔ)是了解句子成分、句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句子種類。在英文中句子成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。（一）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名詞作主語(yǔ)）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代詞作主語(yǔ)）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)）練一練：指出下例句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞。

1).The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

2).There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

3).The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

4).To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.（二）謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）必須是動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語(yǔ)后面。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)）Westudyhard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）HecanspeakEnglish.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）練一練：選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞。

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

三）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在謂語(yǔ)之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名詞作賓語(yǔ)）Shesays（that）sheisill.（賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）Weoftenhelphim.（代詞作賓語(yǔ)）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我們喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)）練一練：挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)。

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you說(shuō)明1：賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語(yǔ)。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)；動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語(yǔ)指物，間接賓語(yǔ)通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語(yǔ)指人。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語(yǔ)。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give,showbring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.間接賓語(yǔ)如果放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語(yǔ)之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語(yǔ)前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答應(yīng)）,refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語(yǔ)加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等（1）Igivehimabook.改成：（2）Hepassesmethebook.（他將書遞給我。）改成：（3）Hewritesmealetter.改成：（4）Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：（5）Sheismakingmeacake.改成：練一練：劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。

=1\*GB3①Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me（四）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如：Theymakeherhappy.（形容詞）Iseeherdance.（不定式）We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.（名詞）Pleaselethimin.（副詞）Weheardhersingingasong.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（五）表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如：Iamateacher.（名詞）Heisalwayshappy.（形容詞）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Itgetscold.（形容詞）系動(dòng)詞Be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are,was,were）表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改變（get，become，turn）感官動(dòng)詞（feel，sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)），seem/look（看起來(lái)），taste，smell如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound為系動(dòng)詞，interesting為表語(yǔ)）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（為系動(dòng)詞，careful為表語(yǔ)）練一練：挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。

=1\*GB3①The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.（六）定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等。單個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容詞）What’syourname（代詞）Theymakepaperflowers.（名詞）練一練：挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)。

①

They

use

Mr,

Mrs

with

the

family

name.

②

What

is

your

given

name

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

說(shuō)明1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,something等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)在不定代詞后面。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語(yǔ)）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明2：短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介詞短語(yǔ)作theboys的后置定語(yǔ)。）（七）狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副詞）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介詞短語(yǔ)）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Hesitsthere.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）練一練：挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)。

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.

③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

traveling

too

fast.

綜合練習(xí)寫出劃線部分的句子成分。

1.

Lily

is

cleaning

the

desk

now.

2.

Her

garden

is

the

best

in

our

town.

3.

Liu

Ming

is

thirteen

years

old.

4.