CATIA,簡易教學(xué),快速入門 1-草圖設(shè)計

草圖設(shè)計SketcherVersion5Release8

January2002EDU-CAT-E-SKE-FF-V5R8CATIA培訓(xùn)教程CATIATraining

Foils1CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002課程介紹CoursePresentation學(xué)習(xí)本課程的目的Objectivesofthecourse學(xué)習(xí)如何進行草圖設(shè)計、如何施加約束、及如何編輯2D輪廓。這些輪廓被用來生成實體（solid）和曲面（surface）。Inthiscourseyouwilllearnhowtosketch,constrain,andedit2Dprofiles.Theseprofilesarethenusedtogeneratesolidsandsurfaces培訓(xùn)對象：初學(xué)者TargetedaudienceNewusers

預(yù)備知識：CATIA基礎(chǔ)教程Prerequisites

CourseCATIABasics1day2CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002目錄TableofContentsCATIA草圖設(shè)計介紹IntroductiontoCATIASketcher p.4生成簡單的輪廓SketchingSimpleProfiles p.13生成預(yù)定義輪廓SketchingPre-DefinedProfiles p.52編輯輪廓EditingProfiles p.58對輪廓的操作OperationsOnProfiles p.68施加約束SettingConstraints p.102草圖的管理ManagingSketches p.1263CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002CATIA草圖設(shè)計介紹

IntroductiontotheCATIASketcher這部分學(xué)習(xí)CATIAV5草圖設(shè)計用戶界面和基本功能。InthislessonyouwillseetheV5CATIASketcheruserinterfaceandbasicfunctions4CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002草圖設(shè)計器是一套幫助用戶快速生成2D幾何元素的工具。TheSketcherisasetoftoolstohelptheuserquicklygenerate2DGeometry.設(shè)計完成的草圖用來生成實體（Solid）和曲面（Surface）。ThecompletedSketchcanthenbeusedtogenerateSolidsandSurfaces在草圖設(shè)計器中，元素間定義的約束允許快速修改草圖，因此草圖設(shè)計器是建立實體（Solid）和曲面（Surface）的基礎(chǔ)。ThecapabilitytodefineConstraintsbetweenelementsintheSketcherallowsforquickmodificationoftheSketchandconsequentlytheSolidsorSurfacesthatarebasedonit.其它一些工具，例如啟發(fā)式約束可以讓用戶找到更多的設(shè)計途經(jīng)。OthertoolssuchasAnimateConstraintsenabletheusertoexploredesignalternatives為什麼使用草圖設(shè)計

WhyUsingtheSketcher?5CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002你可以在任何一個工作臺中選擇草圖器（Workbench）工具進入草圖器YoucanalsoaccesstheSketcherbyselectingtheSketchericonfromanyWorkbenchwhereitispossibletodoasketch進入草圖設(shè)計工作臺的方法：Start>MechanicalDesign>Sketcher然后選擇一個plane或者在一個對象上選擇一個face。Start>MechanicalDesign>Sketcherthenselectaplaneorafaceonanobject草圖設(shè)計工作平臺SketcherWorkbench6CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002草圖設(shè)計工具SketcherDesigntools...退出到3D空間Exitto3DSpace零件樹Parttree標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工具條Standardtools新的草圖NewSketch當(dāng)進入到草圖設(shè)計工作平臺時，在零件樹上就生成了一個新的草圖標(biāo)識（Sketch）ANewSketchwillregisterinthePartTreewhenenteringtheSketcherWorkbench約束工具ConstraintsIcons工具＆操作Tools&Operations草圖設(shè)計界面（?）：草圖設(shè)計工作臺概述

SketcherInterface(1/4):SketcherWorkbenchgeneral提示行7CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002退出草圖ExitSketcher輪廓草圖Profile矩形，鍵孔，多邊形...圓，橢圓，圓弧Circles,Ellipse,Arcs...樣條曲線Spline橢圓Ellipse線Line軸Axis點Points...倒圓Corner導(dǎo)角Chamfer修剪Trimoptions...對稱Symmetry投影Projection約束對話框Constraintsdialogbox約束Constraint自動約束AutoConstraint驅(qū)動約束AnimateConstraint輪廓Profiles

操作Operations約束Constraints草圖設(shè)計界面（2/4）草圖設(shè)計工具

SketcherInterface(2/4):SketcherTools8CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002插入菜單或工具條Insertmenuortoolbars草圖設(shè)計圖標(biāo)SketcherIcons預(yù)定義輪廓PredefinedProfiles圓Circles二次曲線Conic線Line點Point草圖設(shè)計界面（3/4）工具條

SketcherInterface(3/4):Toolbars9CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002一旦選擇了用于草圖設(shè)計的支持平面,則此平面平行于屏幕顯示（確認(rèn)激活以下設(shè)置Tools+Option+mechanicalDesign+Sketcher+Positionsketchplaneparalleltoscreen）Onceontheplaneonwhichyouwanttosketchhasbeenselected,itisdisplayedparalleltothescreen(ifTools+Option+mechanicalDesign+Sketcher+Positionsketchplaneparalleltoscreenisactive)可以使用鼠標(biāo)進行縮放,平移和旋轉(zhuǎn).Itispossibletodozoompanningandrotation(usingthemouse).復(fù)位已經(jīng)旋轉(zhuǎn)的草圖平面,選擇正視圖(NormalView)

即可。Toresetasketchplanerotation,selecttheNormalViewicon如果草圖平面已經(jīng)平行于屏幕顯示,選擇正視圖工具即可顯示背面.

IfyouselecttheNormalViewiconwhenthesketchplaneisalreadydisplayedparalleltothescreen,youwillturnthesketchplaneandseeitsotherside.草圖設(shè)計界面（4/4）草圖設(shè)計的支持平面

SketcherInterface(4/4):SketcherPlane10CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002

草圖是一個平面內(nèi)一組2D元素的集合，一個平面可以支持幾個草圖。TheSketchistheholdingpointforagroup2Delementsonaspecificplane.TherecanbemorethanoneSketchusingthesameplaneassupport.V-H軸是草圖的坐標(biāo)原點0，0。TheV-HAxisisthe0,0fortheSketch.草圖一般包括：輪廓（Profile），約束（Constraints）和尺寸（Dimensions）（尺寸也是約束的一種）。SketchesgenerallyconsistofaProfile,Constraints,andDimensions(atypeofConstraint).輪廓Profile約束Constraints尺寸Dimensions術(shù)語Terminology11CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002進入到草圖設(shè)計工作平臺。AccesstheSketcherWorkbench生成幾何元素CreateGeometricElements使用草圖生成實體或曲面。UsetheSketchtoCreateaSolidorSurface約束幾何元素ConstraintheGeometricElements選擇一個平面、一個實體的face或者一個平面surface作為草圖設(shè)計平面。Selectaplane,aSolidFace,oraPlanarSurfacetoSketchon當(dāng)前工作的草圖被加入到結(jié)構(gòu)樹中。AnIn-WorkSketchisaddedtotheSpecificationsTrees123456一般過程GeneralProcess12CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002繪制簡單草圖SketchingSimpleProfiles學(xué)習(xí)如何常見的幾何元素,以及如何使用草圖工作平臺中的各種工具。InthislessonyouwilllearnhowtocreatemostoftheSketchergeometricelements.YouwillalsolearnhowtousethevariousworkmodesavailablefortheSketcherWorkbench.

草圖設(shè)計的輔助工具TheSketcherWorkModes輪廓線

Profile點

Points線

Lines樣條曲線

Spline圓和圓弧

CirclesandArcs二次曲線

Conics軸

Axis小節(jié)RecapExercise13CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002網(wǎng)格/捕捉Grid/Snap標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/構(gòu)造幾何元素Standard/ConstructionGeometry自動約束AutomaticConstraints自動尺寸標(biāo)注AutomaticDimensions斷面視圖SectionView數(shù)值區(qū)ValueFieldsYouwilllearntheSketcherWorkModesbyusing

草圖設(shè)計輔助工具TheCATIASketcherWorkModes14CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002為什麼設(shè)置工作模式WhySketcherWorkModes?草圖工作模式是繪制草圖輔助工具。TheSketcherWorkModesaidyouwhileyousketchthegeometry.這些模式便于數(shù)值的輸入，便于幾何約束和尺寸約束的自動生成，也便于對3D幾何元素的顯示等。Theyfacilitateinputofvalues,automateGeometrical/DimensionalConstraintscreation,helpvisualize3Dgeometryetc...15CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002修改網(wǎng)格點參數(shù)，選擇菜單欄Tools+Options…然后再從對話框中選擇MechanicalDesign選項，再選擇Sketcher標(biāo)簽。Tomodifythegridparameters,selectTools+Options…fromthetopofthescreen,selectMechanicalDesignfromthedialogboxthen,selecttheSketchertab.

當(dāng)生成線（輪廓，線段，圓，圓弧，曲線，……）時，在任何時候都可以激活或不激活捕捉網(wǎng)格點（snaptopoint）

圖標(biāo)。Whencreatinganylines(profile,segment,circle,arc,curve,…),youcanactivateordeactivatethesnaptopointiconatanytime.

當(dāng)snaptopoint圖標(biāo)激活時，光標(biāo)只捕捉網(wǎng)格點(graphicalcreation).但是此時如果輸入坐標(biāo)值，系統(tǒng)不考慮網(wǎng)格點，而是按照輸入的坐標(biāo)值定位點。Whenthesnaptopointiconisactive,thecursoronlysnapsonthepointsofthegrid(graphicalcreation).Ifyouentercoordinateswhenthesnaptopointiconisactive,thesystemdoesnottakeintoaccountthegridandplacethepointinaccordancewiththecoordinatesyouhaveentered.12345使用網(wǎng)格/捕捉UsingGrid/Snap16CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002標(biāo)準(zhǔn)+構(gòu)造幾何元素Standard+ConstructionElements標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/構(gòu)造幾何元素Standard/ConstructionGeometry有兩種幾何元素：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾何元素和構(gòu)造幾何元素。Twotypesofelements:StandardorConstruction標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾何元素代表大多數(shù)通常情況下建立的幾何元素。Standardelementsrepresentthemostcommonlycreatedelements構(gòu)造幾何元素是為了便于繪制草圖的輔助元素。Constructionelementsaimathelpingyouinsketchingtherequiredprofile.Theyfacilitateyourdesign建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾何元素和構(gòu)造幾何元素的方法相同。Creatingstandardorconstructionelementsisbaseduponthesamemethodology.點擊圖標(biāo)可以在兩個模式之間切換。Clickingtheiconswitchesfromonemodetotheother17CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002對于輪廓的第一個點，可以輸入水平和垂直坐標(biāo)，按tab鍵可以在水平或垂直坐標(biāo)輸入?yún)^(qū)輸入坐標(biāo)值。Fortheprofilefirstpoint,youcandefinetheHorizontalandVerticalcoordinates.BypressingthetabkeyyouaccesstheHorizontalcoordinatefield,soyoucanenterit.Bypressingthetabkeyoncemore,youaccesstotheVerticalcoordinatefield,soyoucanenterit在草圖設(shè)計中，可以在此工具條中鍵入精確的坐標(biāo)值、長度值或角度值。Duringsketching,youcanenterexactcoordinates/lengths/anglesintheToolsbar.對于輪廓的第二個點，也可以用tab鍵輸入坐標(biāo)輸值，還可以通過鍵入第一點和第二點之間的距離和/或鍵入這條線段與水平坐標(biāo)軸之間的角度來定義第二個點。Fortheprofilesecondpoint,youcanalsousethetabkeytoenteracoordinate,butyoucanalsodefinethesecondpointoftheprofilebyenteringthelengthofthesegmentbetweenthefirstandthesecondpointand/orbyenteringtheanglebetweentheHorizontalaxisandthesegmenttobecreated.當(dāng)生成圓弧時，在工具條中可以鍵入圓弧的端點的水平和垂直坐標(biāo)值，也可以鍵入半徑值，可以通過按tab鍵在各個輸入?yún)^(qū)之間切換。Whenprofilinganarc,thetoolsbarallowsyoutoentertheH

andVcoordinatesofthelastpointofthearcbutyoucanalsoenteraradius.Youcanenterthesecoordinatesbyusingthetabkey.如果確定了下面坐標(biāo)中的一個(H,V,L,A或R)，則除了這個確定的數(shù)值外其他參數(shù)可隨光標(biāo)移動而改變。

Ifyouenteronlyoneofthecoordinates(H,V,L,AorR)youfixit,thismeansthattheotherparameterscanmovegraphicallybutnotthefixedone.

123數(shù)值區(qū)ValueFields以繪制輪廓線為例Forexample,inusingtheProfiletool...18CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002自動尺寸標(biāo)注AutomaticDimensions尺寸約束激活時，以下尺寸標(biāo)注自動建立。----倒圓尺寸----導(dǎo)角尺寸----在數(shù)值輸入?yún)^(qū)鍵入的尺寸Whenactivated:-cornerdimensions-chamferdimensions-dimensionsenteredintothevaluefieldsareautomaticallycreatedduringgeometryconstruction.選擇尺寸約束（DimensionalConstraints）工具Insketcher,selecttheDimensionalConstraintsIcon多選矩形的兩個邊。Multi-selecttwoedgesofexistingrectangle2選擇倒圓（Corner）工具SelectCornericon移動倒圓到要求的位置單擊鼠標(biāo)確定。Movethecornerpreviewtodesiredlocationandclick4激活尺寸約束（DimensionalConstraints）WithDimensionalConstraintson不激活尺寸約束（DimensionalConstraints）WithDimensionalConstraintsoff1319CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002自動約束AutomaticConstraints2幾何約束（GeometricalConstraints）激活。

WithGeometricalConstraintsOn幾何約束（GeometricalConstraints）不激活。

WithGeometricalConstraintsOff1在草圖空間建立幾何元素時，根據(jù)鼠標(biāo)位置的不同，在新生成的幾何元素和已存在的幾何元素之間會產(chǎn)生不同的約束，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)滿足要求的約束時，點擊鼠標(biāo)保存約束（即新生成的幾何元素）。Starttosketchthegeometry.VariationsofvalidConstraintswillbeproposeddependingonwheretheMouseiswithrespecttotheexistinggeometry.WhenyouseetheConstraintyourequire,clickontheMousetostoretheConstraint(andthenewgeometry).注意在幾何約束GeometricalConstraints關(guān)閉時，相切約束也可建立。NoticethatTangencyConstraintsarecreatedevenwhenGeometricalConstraintsisOff在Tools/Options/MechanicalDesign/Sketcher/Constraint/SmartPick

中指定你想搜索的約束。InTools/Options/MechanicalDesign/Sketcher/Constraint/SmartPickspecifywhichConstraintsyouwantdetected在草圖設(shè)計中，選擇幾何約束圖標(biāo)（GeometricalConstraints）。Insketcher,selecttheGeometricalConstraintsIcon320CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002截面視圖SectionView選擇工具條中切開草圖平面CuttingPlane工具，可顯示零件的截面視圖，CutByPlaneInordertoseeaSectionViewofthepartwhilesketching,clickontheCuttingPlanecommandintheCutByPlaneToolbar.這只是個觀察工具，在實體和剖切平面之間沒有交線生成。Thisispurelyavisualizationtool,nointersectioncurvesarecreatedfromtheintersectionoftheSolidwiththeCuttingPlane.如果想在實體外形間建立約束（或者標(biāo)注尺寸），可使用3D元素求交（Intersect3DElements）工具。IfyouneedtoConstrainto(orDimensionofffrom)theintersectedoutlineoftheSolid,usetheIntersect3DElementsTool21CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002這部分學(xué)習(xí)如何生成輪廓線元素。YouwilllearnhowtocreateaProfileelement草圖中的輪廓線ProfileintheSketcher3D空間看到的輪廓線Profileseenin3D輪廓線Profiles22CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002

輪廓可以是：Aprofilecanbe:“封閉輪廓”（首尾元素相連）"Closed"(thelastelementconnectsupwiththefirstelementintheseries)

“開放輪廓”（首尾元素不相連）"Open"(thefirstandlastelementsintheseriesarenotincontact).

如果輪廓是封閉的，那么在輪廓的內(nèi)部還可以包含其他輪廓Ifaprofileis"Closed",itcanhaveotherprofilescontainedinsideitsboundaries

輪廓線內(nèi)還有輪廓線時，從外向內(nèi)的布爾運算是加減交替進行的。Aprofile,withinaprofile,isshownheretoillustratehow"InnerDomains"work.Noticethereversalsofthebooleanoperationsbetweenadditionandsubtractionasweprogressfromtheoutsideinwards開放輪廓線Openprofile什么是輪廓線WhatareProfiles?

封閉或開放輪廓Closedoropen?輪廓線是一系列相互連接的平面幾何元素，例如點，線，曲線。Aprofileisaseriesofadjacentplanargeometricelementssuchaspoints,lines,andcurves輪廓線常用于拉伸出基本草圖特征（Sketch-Based）。ProfilesareusedtoextrudeSketch-BasedFeatures內(nèi)部輪廓Innerprofiles

內(nèi)部輪廓Innerprofiles23CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002選擇輪廓線profile工具InSketcher,SelectProfileicon選擇線line工具（默認(rèn)），然后點擊兩點生成線。Selectthelineicon(default)andclickontwopointstocreateline2選擇相切圓弧tangentarc工具，再選擇結(jié)束點。Selectthetangentarcicon,selectendpoint3水平約束Horizontalconstraint相切約束Tangencyconstraint選擇線line工具，垂直拖拽生成線再點擊鼠標(biāo)。Selectthelineiconanddragverticallytocreatelineandclick5選擇三點圓弧ThreePointArc工具，并選擇兩點畫弧SelecttheThreePointArciconandclickontwopointstocreatearc4水平拖拽并點擊鼠標(biāo)生成線，在生成最后一個圓弧時，在圓弧的起點處先點擊，再拖拽，再釋放，這樣CATIA自動進入到相切圓弧模式（tangentarc），而不是使用相切圓弧圖標(biāo)生成圓弧的。Draghorizontallyandclicktocreateline.RatherthanusingtheTangentarcicontocreatethefinalarc,click,dragandreleaseatthebeginningofthearcandCATIAgoesintothetangentarcmodeautomatically.61建立輪廓線CreatingProfiles24CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)建立點的不同方法。Youwilllearnthevariousmethodstocreatepoints點Points25CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002草圖中生成點的方法

HowarePointsCreatedintheSketcher?草圖中有兩種方式生成點：PointscanbecreatedintheSketcherintwoways: -由用戶生成Bytheuser -由系統(tǒng)生成Bythesystem當(dāng)用戶生成線時，系統(tǒng)會自動生成線的端點。當(dāng)用戶生成圓時，中心點被自動生成。Whentheusercreatesaline,theline’sendpointsareautomaticallycreatedbythesystem.Whentheusercreatesacircle,thecenterpointiscreated.這些自動生成的點可以被修改，方法是雙擊再鍵入新的數(shù)值。Thecoordinatesoftheseautomaticallycreatedpointscanlaterbemodifiedbydouble-clickingandenteringnewvalues.作為選擇，用戶可以首先直接生成點，然后再通過選擇這些點來生成線或其他的幾何元素。Alternatively,theusercanfirstcreatethepointsdirectly.Hecanthencreatealineoranyothergeometrybyselectingthesepoints.26CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002在要生成點的位置點擊鼠標(biāo)。Clickthelocationwhereyouwantthepoint2在草圖設(shè)計中，選擇指定點（PointbyClicking）工具Insketcher,selectthePointbyClickingCoordinatesicon為了便于定位點，選擇捕捉網(wǎng)格點（SnaptoPoint）工具，當(dāng)要定位點的位置時，鼠標(biāo)只捕捉網(wǎng)格點。Foreaseofplacingthepoints,selecttheSnaptoPointiconsothecursorwillsnaptothegridwhiletryingtolocatethepoint1指定點PointbyIdentification27CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002填入直角坐標(biāo)或極坐標(biāo)。FillinthedesiredCartesianorPolarcoordinates2在草圖設(shè)計中，選擇由坐標(biāo)生成點（PointbyusingCoordinates）工具

Insketcher,selectthePointbyclickingCoordinatesicon1如果激活尺寸約束模式（DimensionalConstraints），自動建立極坐標(biāo)尺寸約束或直角尺寸約束。IftheDimensionalConstraintsmodeison,PolardimensionswillautomaticallybecreatedinthecaseofPolarinput.(CartesiandimensionscreatedinthecaseofCartesianinput)由坐標(biāo)生成點PointsbyCoordinates28CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)生成線的不同方法。Youwilllearnthevariousmethodstocreatelines線Lines29CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002在CATIAV5中線的定義WhatisaLineinCATIAV5?在CATIAV5中，一個線段在結(jié)構(gòu)樹中用三個結(jié)點描述，兩個點和一個線。InCATIAV5,alinesegmentisdescribedintheSpecificationsTreebythreenodes-twopointnodes(Point.1andPoint.2)andonelinenode(Line.1).線由它的父對象----點來支持lineissupportedbyitsparents-thepoints.當(dāng)點的位置修改時（或者通過雙擊鍵入新的坐標(biāo)，或者通過拖拽的方法），線的位置也相應(yīng)改變。Whenthepositionofapointismodified(eitherbydouble-clickingandenteringnewcoordinates;orbydragging),thepositionofthelinewillchangeaccordingly.30CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002在草圖設(shè)計中，選擇線（line）工具Insketcher,selectLineicon點擊線的起點Clickstartingpointoftheline...…然后點擊線的端點。thenclicktheendpoint或者可以在工具條的數(shù)值輸入?yún)^(qū)鍵入值。OR…youcantypethelinespecificationsinthevaluefieldsoftheToolspallet321兩點線LinesBetweenTwoPoints31CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002選擇切線（Bi-TangentLine）工具Insketcher,selecttheBi-TangentLineicon1選擇線要與之相切的兩個元素。Selectthetwoelementsyouwantthelinetobetangentto...2公切線的生成TheBi-Tangentlineiscreated切線Bi-TangentLines32CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)如何在草圖中生成樣條曲線。YouwilllearnhowtocreateaSplineintheSketcher樣條曲線Splines33CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002使用哪一種樣條曲線----是草圖樣條曲線還是3D樣條曲線？

WhichShouldIUse-SketcherSplineor3DSpline?因為3D樣條工具即可以在線架曲面（WFS）或表面設(shè)計（GSD）中應(yīng)用，還可以在2D方式下應(yīng)用（生成的幾何元素在一個平面內(nèi)），那么到底什么時候用草圖樣條，什么時候3D樣條又更適合呢？Sincethe3DSplineTool-availablewithintheWireframe&Surfaces(WFS)orGenerativeShapeDesign(GSD)Workbenches-canalsobeusedina2Dmanner(withGeometryonSupportbeingaplane),whenshouldyouusetheSketcherSplineandwhenisthe3DSplinemoreappropriate?通常情況下，草圖樣條用以建立實體的草圖基礎(chǔ)特征。（盡管pad和pocket也可以用3D樣條曲線來生成）。Ingeneral,usetheSketcherSplinetocreateSketchesforgeneratingsolidSketch-BasedFeatures.(AlthoughPadsandPocketscanbegeneratedfrom3DSplines)當(dāng)需要在樣條曲線上施加更多的控制時，就要用到3D樣條。例如：切失張力，曲率方向，曲率半徑。Usethe3DSplinewhenyouneedmorecontrolovertheSpline-i.e.TangentTension,CurvatureDirection,CurvatureRadius.兩種樣條都可以生成Surface。SurfacescanbegeneratedfromSplinescreatedbyeithermethod.34CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002點擊一點作為樣條曲線的起點。Clickfirstpointtostartthespline2雙擊確定樣條曲線的結(jié)束點。Double-ClicktospecifythesplineEndPoint.4…然后點擊樣條曲線的第二點。thenclickthesecondpointofthespline選擇樣條曲線（spline）工具Insketcher,selecttheSplineIcon35…然后點擊樣條曲線的其它點。thenclickforthethirdpointofthespline4雙擊樣條曲線的控制點，對控制點給定一個精確的坐標(biāo)值，

或者在控制點上生成切矢，然后可以在這個矢量上應(yīng)用約束，（例如讓它平行于一條線）。Double-ClickonaSplineControlPointtospecifyexactcoordinatesortocreateaTangencyvectoratthatpoint.YoucanlaterapplyConstraintsonthisvector(i.e.makeitparalleltoaline).1雙擊樣條曲線的控制點，對控制點給定一個精確的坐標(biāo)值，或者在定義切矢之后再定義曲率半徑。Double-ClickonaSplineControlPointtospecifyexactcoordinatesortodefineaCurvatureafteratangencyvector樣條曲線的建立CreatingaSpline35CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002選擇第一條曲線Selectthefirstcurve2選擇第二條曲線Selectthesecondcurve選擇連接（connect）工具SelecttheConnecticon31結(jié)果如下：Youget:曲線的連接Connectingcurve36CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)生成圓和圓弧的不同方法Youwilllearnthevariousmethodstocreatecirclesandarcs.圓和圓弧CirclesandArcs37CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002CATIA中圓和圓弧的定義

WhatareCirclesandArcsinCATIA?CATIAV5中，一個圓包含兩個結(jié)點。InCATIAV5,aCircleconsistsoftwonodes:Point.1

表示圓心的坐標(biāo)Point.1specifyingthecoordinatesoftheCircleCenterCircle.1

表示圓半徑Circle.1specifyingtheRadiusoftheCircle除此之外，圓弧還有兩個結(jié)點。TheArcwillhavetwoadditionalnodes:Point.2表示第一個端點的坐標(biāo)。Point.2specifyingthecoordinatesofonelimitPoint.3

表示第二個端點的坐標(biāo)。Point.3specifyingthecoordinatesofthesecondlimit注意：當(dāng)一個圓被修剪成只剩一部分時，此時結(jié)構(gòu)樹上也增加了兩個點的描述。實際上它所繼承的特性和圓弧是一樣的。Note:WhenaCircleisTrimmedleavingonlyaportionofthecompletecircle.TwoadditionalpointsareaddedtotheSpecificationsTree.Infact,therepresentationbecomesthesameasthatofanArc.38CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002點擊一次定義圓心，然后拖拽鼠標(biāo)。Clickoncetodefinethecenterpointofthecircle,thendragthecursor2…再點擊一次定義圓的大小。andclickagaintodefinethecirclesize選擇圓（cirle）工具。Inthesketcher,selecttheCircleicon13基本圓BasicCircles39CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002選擇三點圓（ThreePointCircle）工具Insketcher,selectThreePointCircleicon選擇圓將經(jīng)過三個點。Clickthreetimestodefine3points.Thecirclewillpassthroughthesepoints2413三點圓CirclesThroughThreePoints40CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002選擇用坐標(biāo)圓（CircleusingCoordinates）工具Insketcher,selectCircleusingCoordinatesicon1鍵入圓心的絕對坐標(biāo)Entertheabsolutecoordinatesofthecircle2鍵入半徑Enterthesizeoftheradius3坐標(biāo)圓CircleUsingCoordinates41CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002點擊第一個點作為圓弧的起點。Clickfirstpointtostartthearc...2然后點擊圓弧的端點。Thenclicktheendpointofthearc4…再點擊圓弧的第二個點。thenclickthesecondpointofthearc選擇三點圓弧（ThreePointArc）工具Insketcher,selectThreePointArcicon31三點弧ThreePointsArcs42CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)生成二次曲線的不同方法。Youwilllearnthevariousmethodstocreateconics二次曲線Conics43CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002可以生成二次曲線的種類

WhichAretheConicsthatCanBeCreated?二次曲線Conic

輸入要求RequiredInputs橢圓Ellipse 中心，長軸端點，曲線上的一點Center,MajorAxisLimit,PointonCurve拋物線Parabola 焦點，頂點，起點，端點Focus,Apex,StartPoint,EndPoint雙曲線Hyperbola 焦點，中心點，頂點，起點，端點Focus,Center,Apex,StartPoint,EndPoint橢圓Ellipse拋物線Parabola雙曲線Hyperbola44CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002指定橢圓的中心。Clicktoindicatecenterpointofellipse2工具條中顯示主軸端點的坐標(biāo)。TheToolsToolbarthendisplaysvaluesfordefiningtheellipsemajoraxisendpoint…然后點擊一點作為長軸的端點。thenclickthesecondpointforthemajoraxisendpoint選擇橢圓（Ellipse）工具Insketcher,selectEllipseIcon3中心點坐標(biāo)也可以在工具條中輸入。CenterpointcoordinatescanalsobeinputintheToolsToolbar1生成橢圓CreatinganEllipse(1/2)45CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002點擊一點作為短軸的端點。Clicktoindicateforminoraxisendpoint4生成橢圓CreatinganEllipse(2/2)46CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002指定拋物線的焦點。ClicktoindicatetheFocusPointoftheParabola2然后確定兩個端點。Nextindicatethetwoendpoints…再點擊一點作為頂點。thenclickthesecondpointfortheApex選擇拋物線（Parabola）工具Insketcher,selecttheParabolaIcon3通常，工具欄隨用戶輸入的步驟顯示坐標(biāo)值。Asalways,theToolsToolbariscontextualandallowstheusertoinputspecificpointcoordinatesduringthecreationsteps41生成拋物線CreatingaParabola47CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002確定雙曲線的焦點。ClicktoindicatetheFocusPointoftheHyperbola2然后給定兩個端點。Nextindicatethetwoendpoints…點擊第二點作為中心點。thenclickthesecondpointfortheCenter選擇雙曲線（Hyperbola）工具Insketcher,selecttheHyperbolaIcon3通常，工具欄隨用戶輸入的步驟顯示坐標(biāo)值。Asalways,theToolsToolbariscontextualandallowstheusertoinputspecificpointcoordinatesduringthecreationsteps5…點擊第三點作為頂點。clickthethirdpointfortheApex41生成雙曲線CreatingaHyperbola48CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)生成軸線的方法。YouwilllearnthemethodtocreateanAxisinSketcher軸線Axis49CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002軸線的用途W(wǎng)hatistheAxisUsedfor?在建立旋轉(zhuǎn)體（Shaft或

Groove）實體特征時，草圖中必須包含軸線。用來圍繞軸線旋轉(zhuǎn)的輪廓線必須是封閉的或者其端點和軸線重合。

AnAxiselementmustbeincludedinaSketchfromwhichaShaftorGroovesolidfeatureiscreated.TheProfiletobesweptaroundthisaxismusteitherbeClosedorhaveitsendpointsCoincidenttotheaxis.草圖軸線也可作為旋轉(zhuǎn)曲面的旋轉(zhuǎn)軸線（但不是必須的）。一條獨立的直線或者實體的棱邊也可以用來作為旋轉(zhuǎn)軸線。這種情況下，該草圖不必是封閉的或其端點與旋轉(zhuǎn)軸線重合。AnAxisdrawnintoaSketchcanalsobeused(butnotrequired)togenerateaSurfaceofRevolution.AseparateLineorSolidEdgecanalsoservetospecifytheaxisofrevolution.Also,theProfileneednotbeClosednorCoincidenttotheaxisinthiscase.50CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002軸線不能轉(zhuǎn)換成構(gòu)造元素。Axescannotbeconvertedintoconstructionelements選擇軸線（Axis）工具Insketcher,selectAxisicon確定軸線的起點。Clickthefirstlocationforstartingpointoftheaxis...2…然后確定端點。thenclicktheendlocation軸線可隨時用于鏡向命令或者生成旋轉(zhuǎn)體（grove或shaft）。Youwillneedaxeswheneverusingasymmetrycommandorcreatingagroveorshaft.使用上面的草圖應(yīng)用shaft命令，CATIA將使用上面定義的軸線生成旋轉(zhuǎn)體。Usingtheshaftcommandonourprofilesketch,CATIAproducesashaftusingtheaxiswedefined31生成軸線CreatinganAxis51CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002預(yù)定義輪廓草圖

SketchingPre-DefinedProfiles這部分學(xué)習(xí)如何生成預(yù)定義輪廓。InthislessonyouwilllearnhowtoSketchthePre-DefinedProfiles預(yù)定義輪廓草圖SketchingPre-DefinedProfiles小節(jié)RecapExercise52CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)生成預(yù)定義輪廓草圖的不同方法Youwilllearnthedifferentwaystocreatepre-definedprofiles矩形Rectangle有方向的矩形OrientedRectangle長圓孔ElongatedHole柱形長圓孔CylindricalElongatedHole鎖孔KeyholeProfile平行四邊形Parallelogram六邊形Hexagon生成預(yù)定義輪廓草圖

SketchingPre-DefinedProfiles53CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002預(yù)定義輪廓是CATIA提供的工具，它便于生成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的復(fù)雜的形狀，只需最少量的輸入就可完全描述圖形的形狀。Pre-DefinedProfilesaretoolstofacilitatethecreationofstandardcomplexshapeswiththeminimalnumberofinputsthatcanfullydescribeallaspectsofthatshape.預(yù)定義輪廓減少了鼠標(biāo)鍵盤的交互性操作，從而加快了設(shè)計速度。ItincreasesproductivitybyreducingMouse/Keyboardinteractions預(yù)定義輪廓的介紹

WhatarePre-DefinedProfiles?54CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002在生成所有的預(yù)定義輪廓時，閱讀屏幕左下角的提示總是很有用處的。IncreatingallthePre-DefinedProfiles,itisalwaysusefultoreadthepromptsatthebottomleftcornerofthescreen或者在工具條的數(shù)值區(qū)鍵入矩形的描述。OR…youcantypetherectanglespecificationsinthevaluefieldsoftheToolspallet3選擇矩形（Rectangle）工具Insketcher,selectRectangleicon確定矩形的起始角點。Clickthestartingcorneroftherectangle...2…然后再點擊對角點。thenclickthediagonalcorner1矩形Rectangles55CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002或者在工具條的數(shù)值區(qū)域鍵入平行四邊形的描述。OR…youcantypetheParallelogramspecificationsinthevaluefieldsoftheToolspallet3選擇平行四邊形（Parallelogram）工具Insketcher,selectParallelogramicon1點擊平行四邊形起始角點。ClickthestartingcorneroftheParallelogram...2…然后點擊第二個角點。thenclickforthesecondcorner…最后點擊一點確定平行四邊形的寬度和內(nèi)角。finally,clicktodeterminethewidthandinternalanglesoftheParallelogram4平行四邊形Parallelogram56CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002或者在工具條的數(shù)值區(qū)域鍵入孔的描述。OR…youcantypetheholespecificationsinthevaluefieldsoftheToolspallet3選擇長圓孔（ElongatedHole）工具Insketcher,selecttheElongatedHoleicon1指定孔的第一個中心。Indicatethefirstcenterofthehole...2…指定第二個中心。indicatethesecondcenter...…最后，點擊確定長圓孔的半徑。finally,clicktodeterminetheradiusoftheElongatedHole4長孔ElongatedHole57CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002編輯輪廓EditingProfiles這部分學(xué)習(xí)編輯草圖元素的工具。InthislessonwilllearntoolstohelpyoueditSketcherelements修改輪廓的幾何元素ModifyingProfileGeometry小節(jié)RecapExercise58CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002學(xué)習(xí)如何修改2D草圖元素從而相應(yīng)改變3D零件。Youwilllearnhowmodify2Dsketchelementstopropagatechangesto3Dparts修改輪廓的幾何元素ModifyingProfileGeometry修改后AfterChange修改前Before59CopyrightDASSAULTSYSTEMES2002基本草圖的特征依賴于構(gòu)成其的輪廓形狀。Sketch-basedfeaturesrelyonprofilesfortheirshape尤其是如果按照零件（part）的設(shè)計意圖定義了約束，可以通過修改輪廓幾何特性非常容易的達到設(shè)計改變的目的。

Especiallyifdefinedwiththeproperconstraintsthatrepresentthedesignintentofthepart,theprofilegeometrycaneasilybechangedfordownstreamdesignchanges修改后的體Modifiedcube修改輪廓幾何元素的原因

WhyModifyProfileGeometry?草圖去掉了一個角Cornerremovedfromsketch用來生成特征的草圖做了修改將意味著包含這個特征的所有后續(xù)操作都