中考英語(yǔ)完形填空策略指導(dǎo)課件

StrategiesofClozeTests完形填空解題策略完形填空是一種既對(duì)局部進(jìn)行考查、又對(duì)整體進(jìn)行宏觀考查的試題類型，是一種考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的測(cè)試形式。其要求考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，在區(qū)分其內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系的同時(shí)，選擇符合文章情節(jié)的答案。命題特點(diǎn)是“立足語(yǔ)境、強(qiáng)調(diào)推理、注重實(shí)際”。完形填空概述中考完形填空采用的考試形式通常為：記敘文、短篇小說(shuō)、議論文、科普文章、劇本、書信、電子郵件等大多數(shù)學(xué)生熟悉的長(zhǎng)度為300--380詞的文本中留出15個(gè)空白處，構(gòu)成15個(gè)小題，每小題有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求考生從中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使內(nèi)容完整、正確，構(gòu)成一篇完整、可閱讀的。完形填空考查體裁完形填空解題技巧完形填空技能詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題法上下文語(yǔ)境邏輯推理解題法詞義辨析和固定搭配解題法語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)解題法根據(jù)生活常識(shí)解題法詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題法是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語(yǔ)篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)篇中的句子通過(guò)復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到相互銜接的目的。詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)又可分為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（又叫同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）、同義詞或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（包括與近義詞的同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，如ill與sick）、上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)（即總括與分述，如animal是sheep,tiger等的上義詞；rose是flower的下義詞）、反義復(fù)現(xiàn)等。Tip1:詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題法小試牛刀MrsNeidlwouldaskmeformy_______.ShewantedtoknowhowIthought...ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto...()A.opinionB.informationC.inventionD.introductionTheartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyusedmodernchemistrytechnologyto________thepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtrace(痕跡）ofpaintdeepinthepicturedatingfromabout1814.()A.tryB.removeC.washD.checkAD原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)Tip2:上下文語(yǔ)境邏輯推理解題法這類題主要是通過(guò)短文中上下語(yǔ)境所透露的信息進(jìn)行解題。首先要正確理解所給信息，再進(jìn)行合理分析和推斷，這種語(yǔ)境信息一定要遵循邏輯概念。這種邏輯關(guān)系主要包含并列關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系和結(jié)果關(guān)系等。這類題的選項(xiàng)多為連詞、副詞或具有連詞意義的各類短語(yǔ)。小試牛刀Whenwetalked,IdiscoveredsomedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle_______thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.()A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.laterMrsBlackwouldaskmeformyopinion.ShewantedtoknowhowIthoughtweshouldhandlethngs.AtfirstIhadnoideatoanswerbecauseIknow________aboutstagedesign!()A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythingBC對(duì)比關(guān)系因果關(guān)系Tip3:詞義辨析和固定搭配解題法這類題主要是慣用搭配，涉及到關(guān)聯(lián)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語(yǔ)等。小試牛刀ThechancepassedandIdidn't_____it.ItooktheexamthenextdayandIwon.Ididn'tmeantocheat,butIwasstillcheatinganyhow.()A.takeB.haveC.loseD.findThenursehadhimtakea______inthewaitingarea,tellinghimitwouldbeatleast40minutesbeforesomeonewouldbeabletoseehim.()A.breathB.testC.seatD.walkABThechancepassed和Ididn'ttakethechance構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，意為“沒(méi)有抓住機(jī)會(huì)”Tip4:語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)解題法這類題需要考生有較為扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，能夠從句式的結(jié)構(gòu)上辨別出，并填入相關(guān)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)然還要考慮到主謂一致等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)要點(diǎn)。Asmyfather,_____workedthreejobs,oncetoldme...()A.heB.whoseC.whoD.whomShewasFrench--perhapsfromthatplace_____heusuallyspenthisholidays.()A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which小試牛刀CA定語(yǔ)從句Tip5:根據(jù)生活常識(shí)解題法將文本意思和我們?cè)械纳罱?jīng)驗(yàn)、文化背景知識(shí)，以及科普常識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單推理，從而得出正確答案。事實(shí)上，該技巧與“邏輯推理”常常交織在一起，因?yàn)殡m有背景常識(shí)，仍需要簡(jiǎn)單推理，邏輯推理離不開(kāi)背景常識(shí)。小試牛刀...“Ma'am”theofficerreplied,“youweren'tspeeding,butyoushouldknowthatdriving______thanthespeedlimitcanalsobeadangertootherdrivers.Thesameasaspeeder.”()A.closer B.slower C.farther D.higher...Forshypeople,itcanbe__1__tomakefriends,speakinclass,andevengetagoodjob.Butscientistssayyoucan__2__yourshyness.Theysuggesttrying__3__thingsandpracticingconversation.()1.A.difficult B.safe C.harmful D.surprising()2.A.runinto B.lookfor C.getover D.dependon()3.A.new B.private C.awful D.heavyBACA生活常識(shí)完形填空運(yùn)用挑戰(zhàn)Isatdowntoreadunderanoldtreeinthepark.Ifeltmylifewas__1__formywholeworldwasdark.Ayoungboyranuptome,outof___2___,hestoodrightbeforemewithhisheaddownandsaid___3___,“l(fā)ookwhatIfound!”Inhishandwasflower,andwhatapoorsight!Theflowerwasdryand__4__.Igavehimasmallsmileandthenturnedmyeyesawaysothathecouldtakehisdryflowerandgoofftoplay.()1.A.hopeless B.colourful C.simple D.wonderful()2.A.mind B.trouble C.breath D.work()3.A.sadly B.strictly C.angrily D.excitedly()4.A.dead B.fresh C.alive D.heavyACDA上下文語(yǔ)境邏輯推理解題法生活常識(shí)解題法上下文語(yǔ)境邏輯推理解題法生活常識(shí)解題法完形填空運(yùn)用挑戰(zhàn)Diaosiwasn'tagoodterm(術(shù)語(yǔ)）.Itwasusedtodescribethosepoorandordinaryyouth___1___stayedathomealldayplayingvideogames,withnohopeforthefuture.Inotherwords,itmeanta__2__.However,asitwentpopularontheInternet,youngpeoplefromdifferentcountriesbegantolikeandattractedit.Andthediaosiaremostbetween30and39yearsold.Thesepeople__3__morethan80percentofthepopulationofthediaosi.()1.A.what B.which C.who D.how()2.A.loser B.winner C.player D.man()3.A.giveup B.lookup C.takeup D.makeupCAC