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DuXiong成人高考英語第二講詞匯與語法詞匯記憶自測基礎(chǔ)詞匯冠詞_______關(guān)于,大約_____在…上________橫穿______增加________地址_________建議_____/_____害怕_______在…之后_______下午___________又,再_________反對,對著______年齡___________…以前_______全部,所有______也_____總是,一直_____和,而且______另一個________任何_____任何事物_______因?yàn)開______問________走開,跑掉_____…當(dāng)中_______核心詞匯能,會______接受______成就________實(shí)際的________欽佩,羨慕_____承認(rèn)________優(yōu)勢_________買的起_______同意,贊同______核心詞匯目標(biāo)______根本不_____允許_____單獨(dú)地______幾乎______已經(jīng)______美國______生氣的______焦慮的______道歉______似乎______到達(dá)______好像_____睡著的_____使驚訝_____吸引_______嘗試_________1.Hisroomis_____oursonthethirdfloor,theonenexttoourfriend’s.A.beyondB.aboveC.onD.over2.He____anexpensivegiftonhisbirthday,buthedidn’t____it.A.accept…received;B.receive…acceptC.received…accept;D.got…receive3.Girlsareoften____ofsnakesA.afraidB.fearC.surprisedD.against4.Healways_____hisfatherformoney.A.asksB.adviseC.helpsD.wants5.Ioftendrinkalotofcoffeetokeepmyself____whileworkingA.wakeB.awakeC.wakenD.awoke

動詞的分類

根據(jù)其詞義和其在謂語中的作用可分為:

_______

連系動詞:____________助動詞:______________情態(tài)動詞:__________________及物動詞:reach,answer,give,ask,have不及物動詞:open,live,go,come實(shí)義動詞be(am,is,are),感官動詞,become,turn,go,getdo/did/does,have/has,will/shall/wouldcan/could,may/might,must,dare,need,should常見的介詞+動詞短語有:acton(遵照)lookat(看)amountto(等于)objectto(反對)callon(號召)relyon(依靠)consistof(由…組成)standfor(代表)insiston(堅(jiān)持“主張”)applyfor(申請)longfor(渴望)believein(信仰)operateon(動手術(shù))comeacross(偶遇)persistin(堅(jiān)持“看法”)gothrough(通過)sendfor(派人去請)listento(聽)accountfor(解釋)lookinto(調(diào)查)attendto(照料)playwith(玩)carefor(照顧)speakof(談?wù)摚ヾependon(依靠)waitfor(等待)laughat(嘲笑)常見的副詞+動詞短語有:Blowup(炸毀)puton(穿)Carryout(執(zhí)行)setaside(留出)Giveup(放棄)takeover(接過)Lookup(查找)throwaway(拋棄)Pointout(指出)turnoff(關(guān)掉)Ruleout(排除)calloff(取消)Talkover(商量)giveaway(暴露)Thinkover(考慮)handout(分發(fā))Turnon(接通)pickup(揀起)Wipeout(消滅)ringup(打電話)Bringup(撫養(yǎng))setup(建立)Findout(查明)takeoff(脫掉)Handin(上交)turndown(拒絕)Makeout(認(rèn)出)winover(說服)常見的情態(tài)動詞can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等;另外,haveto、hadbetter也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞使用。can/couldcan的過去式是could;can的否定式是cannot,通常縮寫成can't;could的否定式是couldnot,通??s寫成couldn't.can/couldHecanswim.Ablindmancannotreadandjudgecolours.Themanwas/willbe/hasbeenableto(不用can)supporthisfamily.1)表示能力:包括體力、智力以及因客觀條件而取得的能力。Note:can/could不能用于將來時、完成時等形式,此時須用beableto代替。can/couldCan/CouldIhavealookatyournotes?CanIhelpyou?(MayIhelpyou?)Youcan/couldstayherelonger.Hesaidyoucouldstayfortendays.2)表示請求和允許:口語中常代替may/might,請求對方允許(could比can口吻客氣)。Note:還可表示說話者表示同意(此時could可能是can的過去式,用于間接引語)。can/couldThatcan’tbeMrLi.Abrokenbowlcan/couldneverbemended.Shecan’t/couldn’tbemorethanthirty.Theycan’t/couldn’thavegoneoutbecausethelight’son.Can/Couldthemanstillliveinthatoldhouse?3)表示可能性:可表示理論上的可能性(此時can比could口氣肯定)。Note1:還可表示對現(xiàn)在或過去事實(shí)上的可能性的推測(此時can比could口氣肯定),多用于否定式和疑問式(肯定式用must)。can/couldWecouldhavestartedalittleearlier.Orwewouldhavegotthere.(我們本來可以早一點(diǎn)動身的。要不我們就已經(jīng)到那兒了。)Themonkeycouldn’thaveescapedonit’sown.Somebodymusthaveopenedthecage.(那猴子本來是無法自己跑掉的。一定是有人把籠子打開了。)Note2:有時,“could+have+過去分詞”

表示過去本來有可能,但是沒有做(或發(fā)生)某事,有責(zé)備口吻。Note3:“couldn’t+have+過去分詞”

則表示過去即使去做某事也不可能做到。即時專練19.Thetaxi____onlyholdsixpassengers.Itisfull.You

takethenextone.A.may...mayB.can...mayC.may...canD.must...can23.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn't.Whose

itbe?A.mustB.canC.mayD.might6.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone

getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto57.CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should30.Thestreetsarealldry.It_____duringthenight.A.can'thaverainedB.musthaverainedC.couldn'trainD.shouldn'thaverainedmay/mightMay/MightIleavethiswithyou?MayIaskyouaquestion?Youmaydoasyoulike.Theteachersaidyoumightdoso.(你可以隨便,老師說過你可以如此。)1)表示請求和允許:請求對方允許(此時might不如may口氣肯定,也不常見)。Note1:還可表示說話者的允諾(此時might是may的過去式,用于間接引語中)。may/mightMayIaskyouaquestion?—Certainly./Yes,youmay.May/MightIleavethiswithyou?—No,youmustn’t/can’t.Note2:用may提問時,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,youmay;否定回答一般用can’t或mustn’t.。may/mightHemay/mightbeinheroffice.-Ithoughthemightbethere,butheisn’t.Jennymay/mighthavewrittenthereport.Youmighthavetoldusafewdaysago.Nowit’stoolate.2)表示可能性:表示對現(xiàn)在或過去事實(shí)上的可能性的推測,

表“也許”(此時may比might口氣肯定),通常用于肯定式和否定式,口氣不如must肯定。Note:有時,“might+have+過去分詞”

表示過去本來有可能,但沒有做某事,表“本來可以”,有責(zé)備口吻。即時專練21.Iwishtogohomenow,

I?A.mayB.can'tC.mustD.do34.

youbehappy!A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Would49.Ithoughtyoulikesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must33.Sinceitisalreadymidnight,we______.A.hadbetterleavingB.oughttohaveleaveC.shouldtakeourleaveD.mightaswellleavemustYoumustbehonest.Fathersaidonemusttellthetruth.Youmustn’ttelllies.MustIleavetomorrow?-Yes,youmust.-No,youneedn’t/don’tneedto/don’thaveto.Oneofthemwillhaveto(不用must)go,eitherJimorPhilip.1)表示“必須”:是說話者的主觀看法,可指現(xiàn)在、將來必須,在間接引語中也可用于過去時間,其否定式mustn’t表示禁止。Note1:must表示“必須”的肯定回答用must,否定回答不能用mustn’t,須用needn’t,don’tneedto或don’thaveto。Note2:不能用must表示時,須用haveto代替,但haveto指客觀需要。mustHemustbeathome.Hecan’tstillbeintheofficeatsuchalatehour.Hethoughtshemusthaveaproblemwithhercar,andsowentover.Jackmusthavereceivedmyletter,otherwisehewouldhavecalledme.Mustshebeintheroom?–Yes,shemust.或No,shecan’t.2)表示推測:表對現(xiàn)在或過去很有把握的推測,

“一定”,通常只用于肯定式(否定式和疑問式用can),在間接引語中也可用于過去時間。Note:must表示“一定”的肯定回答用must,否定回答不能用can’t。即時練習(xí)5.Johnny,you

playwiththeknife,you

hurtyourself.A.won't...can'tB.mustn't...mayC.shouldn't,mustD.can't...shouldn't1.MayIstopmycarhere?No,you___.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.don'thaveto10.Imailedthelettertwoweeksago.She_____it.A.mustreceiveB.can'treceiveC.mightreceiveD.musthavereceivedoughttoSuchthingsoughtnottobeallowed.Shesaidnobodyoughttodoso.Sheoughttohavebeenabiologyteacher.Sheoughtn’ttohavestudiedphysics.1)表示“應(yīng)該”:表示客觀(如法律、規(guī)則等要求的)責(zé)任、義務(wù)角度上講的“應(yīng)該”,在間接引語中也可用于過去時間。Note:“oughtto+have+過去分詞”

表示過去該做但未做某事。“oughtn’tto+have+過去分詞”

則表示過去不該卻做了某事。oughttoEverythingoughttobereadybynow.

(按說現(xiàn)在一切都已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了。)Heoughttobefitforworkatthebeginningofnextyear.

(她明年初該是可以上班了。)Theforeigneroughttohavebeentoourcountrybefore.

(這個外國人該是以前來過我國。)2)表示推測:表示對現(xiàn)在、將來和過去的推理性推測,

口氣不如must肯定。You_____yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutthejob.A.oughttocomeB.oughtcomeC.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecomewillHehastodothecooking,whetherhewillornot.Will/Wouldyoupleaseofferthepoorboysomehelp?Bringthefruitupstairstothebedroom,will/wouldyou?Willyoupleaseclosethedoorforme?1)表示愿意:可用于陳述句和疑問句各人稱,一般不重讀,可縮寫為’ll。Note:will常在疑問句中表示請求和建議,或用在祈使句末緩和語氣(would口吻更客氣)。willWhensomebody’sknockingatthedoor,thelittlegirlalwayssays,“I’llgo”.Willyouaccepthispresent?-Whynot?

HewillcombhishairinthekitchenthoughtIhavetoldhimnotto.Iwillnothaveyoutalkinglikethatbeforethechildren.2)表示意圖:表示說話此刻的意圖和打算,一般不重讀,可縮寫為’ll。3)表示堅(jiān)持和拒絕:肯定式表示堅(jiān)持,否定式表示拒絕,要重讀,不可縮寫為’ll。willTheywillbehomebythistime,Ithink.Shewillhavearrivedattheairportalready.Thegirlwilllistentorecordsaloneinherroomforhours.(那女孩常常獨(dú)自一個人在房間里聽上好幾個小時的唱片。)4)表示推測:表示對現(xiàn)在和過去的。5)表示習(xí)慣性行為:表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的習(xí)慣性行為。8.Man

diewithoutwater.A.willB.canC.needD.shall16.Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?Yes,I______.A.willB.wouldC.doD.can17.Alion

onlyattacksahumanbeingwhenitishungry.A.shouldB.canC.willD.shall28.I

giveyouananswertomorrow.Ipromise!A.mustB.willC.mayD.shallwouldHehadtoobeywhetherhewouldornot(無論他愿意不愿意,他都得服從。)Would/willyoupleasetellmehowtogettothestation?Don’tstandintheway,would/willyou?1)表示過去的愿意:可用于陳述句和疑問句各人稱,一般不重讀(參見will)。Note:常與will一樣在疑問句中表示請求和邀請,或用在祈使句末緩和語氣(口吻更客氣)。wouldIpersuadedhertoleave,butshewouldstaythere.Hetriedhisbestbutthewindowwouldn’topen.Hewouldstillbeinthelibraryworkingonhisnewbook,Isuppose.Ithoughtyouwouldhavefinishedthisbynow.2)表示過去的堅(jiān)持和拒絕:肯定式表示堅(jiān)持,否定式表示拒絕,要重讀(參見will)。3)表示推測:與will一樣,表示現(xiàn)在和過去的推測。wouldTheteacherwouldaskmeaquestionwheneverhemetme.Everyyearparentswouldtelltheirchildrenabouttheboywhowouldsavehispeople.Wouldyouliketohavearestatthemoment?Iwouldliketohaveacupofcoffee.5)表示過去的習(xí)慣性行為:表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的習(xí)慣性行為(參見will)。Note:日常會話中,“我想要…”通常用“Iwouldliketo”或“Ishould(I’d)liketo”表示。71.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there

noNewChina.wouldbe

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.shouldbe69.Let'ssaythatyoucouldgothereagain,how

feel?willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyoushallWhatshallwedothisweekend?ShallIarrangeatimetable?

(我們這周末干什么?我要不要安排個時間表?)Whatwill

youhaveadrink?Whatshallitbe?

(你要不要喝點(diǎn)什么?喝什么好?)Shall

wegotothezoothisweekend?(我們這個周末去動物園好嗎?)1)表示征詢聽話人的意愿:用于問句中征詢對方意見或指示,或提出建議等。此時主語為第一和第三人稱。shallWorkhardandyouandsheshallhaveaholidaynextweek.(允諾)Ifyouwon’tdoasyouaretoldto,youshan’t(shallnot)getthepay!(警告)Shallheleavetomorrow?-Yes,heshall,andyoushalltoo.(命令)Theyshallcomeagaininoneday.(堅(jiān)持)

(他們就得一天之內(nèi)再來一次。)2)表示說話人的意愿:用于陳述句表示說話人的允諾、警告、命令、堅(jiān)持等,此時主語為第二人稱和第三人稱,這是一種舊用法。26.Mr.Baker,anumberofstudentswanttoseeyou._____theywaithereoroutside?A.ShouldB.WillC.ShallD.Are29.Asasoldier,youdoastheheadtellsyou.A.willB.shallC.mayD.oughtshouldEveryoneshoulddohisduty.SoIthoughtIshouldsticktomyjob.(應(yīng)該)WhatshouldIdonow?-Youshouldgoandseeher.(請教、建議)Youareright:Ishouldhavethoughtofthis.Ishouldn’thavedonelikethat.1)表示應(yīng)該:說話者主觀上認(rèn)為的責(zé)任、義務(wù),指現(xiàn)在和將來,在間接引語中也可指過去;常用來提出建議或請求指教。Note:“should+have+過去分詞”

表示過去該做但未做某事。“shouldn’t+have+過去分詞”

則表示過去不該卻做了某事。shouldIt’sfinenow,soitshouldbewarmtoday.

現(xiàn)在天晴,因此今天應(yīng)該暖和。It’ssevennow.Theyshouldhavefinishedcooking.

已經(jīng)七點(diǎn)了。他們應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)做好飯了。2)表示推測:表對現(xiàn)在、將來和過去的推理性推測。32.Theyhavenotfinishtheworkuptonow.Wel

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