沈農大水利英語-forth=lesson1-SPECIALTY-ENGLISHppt

SPECIALTYENGLISH

ONWATERRESOURCESENGINEERING

LiBoCollegeofWaterConservancy

ShenyangAgriculturalUniversitylesson1TheHydrologicCycle1.1Schematicofthehydrologiccycle水文循環(huán)示意圖1.2technicaltermsHydrologiccycleThecirculationofwaterfromthesea,throughtheatmosphere,totheland,andthence,oftenwithmanydelays,backtotheseaoroceanthroughvariousstagesandprocessasprecipitation,interception,runoff,infiltration,percolation,ground-waterstorage,evaporationandtranspiration,alsothemanyshortcircuitsofthewaterthatisreturnedtotheatmospherewithoutreachingthesea.水文循環(huán)海洋的水，由大氣攜帶到陸地，然后經過各階段與過程，如降水、截留、徑流、入滲、滲漏、地下水儲存、蒸發(fā)和散發(fā)，從陸地返回海洋(中間經常存在許多遲滯現象)的循環(huán)，也包括水從陸地返回大氣而不到達海洋去的各種小循環(huán)。1.2technicaltermsHydrologicequationThewaterinventoryequation(inflow=outflow+storage)whichexpressesthebasicprinciplethatduringagiventimeinternalthetotalinflowtoanareamustequalthetotaloutflowplusthenetchangeinstorage.

水文方程或水量平衡方程水量平衡方程（入流=出流+蓄水）表達了一基本原理，即在給定時段內，流入一區(qū)域的總流入量必然等于總出流量加上蓄水量的凈變量。Inventory:存貨；庫存Availableinventory可用的庫存Thetotalmeasurablesupplyofwaterofallformsoffallingmoisture,includingdew,rain,mist,snow,hailandsleet.所能觀測到的包括露、降雨、霜、雪、冰雹和霰等所有形式的降水的總量。Precipitation

降水1.2technicalterms日、月、年降水量daily,monthly,yearlyprecipitation水面降水量channelprecipation年平均降水量meanannualprecipitation加權平均的月降水量weightedmeanmonthlyprecipitation1.Afallofrain

-precipitationintheformofliquidwater.降雨-以液態(tài)形式的降水。2.Theamountofrain

-usuallyexpressedinmillimetres(inches)depthofwateronanarea,thatreachesthesurfaceoftheearth.

降雨量-通常用到達地面的水深來度量，單位為mm（或英寸）rainfall

降雨，降雨量1.2technicalterms最大可能降雨maximumprobablerainfall點降雨量pointrainfall(單站降雨量therainfallatasinglestation)年平均降雨量meanannualrainfall降雨強度rainfallintensity降雨強度頻率或重現期rainfallintensityfrequency,orrainfallrecurrenceintervalPortionoftotalprecipitationfromagivenareathatappearsinnaturalorartificialsurfacestreams.某一區(qū)域內，在天然的或人工的河流中所匯集的總降雨量的一部分。Runoff徑流，徑流量1.2technicalterms總徑流量totalrunoff徑流深runoffdepth地下徑流groundrunoff(徑流的一部分入滲地下形成地下水，又以泉等方式流入河槽)地表徑流surfacerunoffTheflowormovementofwaterthroughthesurfaceintothesoilbodyorground.水流或流動的水從地表進入土壤或地面以下。降雨入滲rainfallinfiltration；入滲率infiltrationrateinfiltration

入滲，下滲1.2technicalterms深層滲漏deeppercolation-withrespecttoirrigationandprecipitation,thatamountofwaterwhichpassesbelowtherootzoneofcroporvegetation.就灌溉和降雨而言，指的是進入作物或植被根系地層以下的水。percolation

滲透（水在飽和土壤中運動）Theprocessbywhichwaterischangedfromtheliquidorsolidstateintothegaseousstatethroughthetransferofheatenergy.水通過熱傳導由液態(tài)或固態(tài)變成氣態(tài)的過程Evaporation蒸發(fā)，蒸發(fā)作用1.2technicalterms平均年蒸發(fā)量meanannualevaporation雪面蒸發(fā)snowevaporation;土壤蒸發(fā)soilevaporation蒸發(fā)能力evaporationpower;evaporativecapacity;potentialrateofevaporation.相對濕度relativehumidity;蒸發(fā)器（皿）evaporationpanTheemissionofwateryvapourfromthelivingplant.有生命的植物散發(fā)水蒸汽。蒸騰系數transpirationratio;transpirationcoefficient蒸散發(fā)量evapotranspiration;耗水量consumptiveuse潛在蒸散量或蒸騰量potentialevapotranspiration

Transpiration

蒸騰，蒸騰作用1.2technicaltermsVaporization,withoutliquefying,ofthesnowindeeperlayerscausedbytheheatoftheearthfollowedbycondensationoftheresultingwatervapouratthesurface.由于地球的熱，使較厚雪層不經過液化，表面產生蒸發(fā)并隨之凝結。Sublimation

升華，升華作用干旱arid；半干旱semiarid,subarid濕潤humid；半濕潤semihumid，subhumid水文年wateryear；季節(jié)性河流ephemeral(短暫的，一年生的)stream流域,排水面積watershed；drainagebasin;catchmentbasin;riverbasin;catchmentarea流域年產水量annualyieldofdrainagebasin流域滲漏watershedleakage;斷面profile(設計)洪水過程線(design)floodhydrograph水文過程線hydrograph;凝結condensation壤中流interflow;地面滯留量surfacedetention水汽

watervapor;水庫

reservoir大氣降水

theprecipitationfromtheatmosphere地表面

groundsurface;在…范圍內變化

rangefrom…to…需水（情況）waterneed;自河道取水的供水系統(tǒng)：thewatersupplysystemsthatobtaintheirwaterfromrivers河口

rivermouth

干冰

dryice斜坡地

slopingfarmland匯水面積

watershedareaAssignment：背誦教材lesson2的第四段condense凝結Ifsteamtouchescoldsurfaces,itiscondensedintowater.蒸氣接觸到冷的表面就凝結成水。Moistureintheatmospherecondensedintodewduringthenight.大氣中的水分在夜間凝結成露珠。moist潮濕Alwayskeeptheplantsmoist.時刻保持植物潮濕。Notsuitableformoistsurroundings.不適用于潮濕環(huán)境。Watervaporaccountsfor

about4%byvolumeinmoistarea.在氣候潮濕地區(qū)，水汽按體積占（空氣體積）4％左右route路線，路徑Whichisthebestroute?哪一條是最好的路線?retard減速，延遲，阻滯Shortageoflabourpowerretardedoureconomicdevelopment.缺乏勞動力使我們的經濟發(fā)展速度減慢。retardedcement緩凝混凝土deficit欠缺，不足，赤字Finally,thisbudgetmustreducethatdeficitevenfurther.最后，該預算必須進一步減少赤字。deficitirrigation虧缺灌溉modification修改，修正，改變Twomonthsintoadesignproject,thecustomerrequestedamodificationtotheproduct.在一個設計項目開始兩個月后，客戶要求對產品作修改。contour['k?ntu?]

n.輪廓(等高線,周線,電路,概要