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Dublinisoneoftheworld'sgreatestliterarycities.201330060130英語(yǔ)翻譯1班陸國(guó)斌George
Bernard
Shaw
(1856-1950)
Irish
dramatist,
literary
critic,
a
socialist
spokesman,
and
a
leading
figure
in
the
20th
century
theater.
Shaw
was
a
freethinker,
defender
of
women's
rights,
and
advocate
of
equality
of
income.
In
1925
he
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Literature.
George
Bernard
Shaw
was
born
in
Dublin,
where
he
grew
up
in
something
close
to
genteel
poverty.
"I
am
a
typical
Irishman;
my
family
came
from
Yorkshire,"
Shaw
once
said.
His
father,
George
Carr
Shaw,
was
in
the
wholesale
grain
trade.
George
Bernard
Shaw
was
not
merely
the
best
comic
dramatist
of
his
time
but
also
one
of
the
most
significant
playwrights
in
the
English
language
since
the
17th
century.
Some
of
his
greatest
works
for
thestage
have
a
high
seriousness
and
prose
beauty
that
were
unmatched
by
his
stage
contemporaries.
A
visionary
and
mystic
whose
philosophy
of
moral
passion
permeates
his
plays,
Shaw
was
also
the
most
trenchant
pamphleteer
since
Swift;
the
most
readable
music
critic
in
English;
the
best
theatre
critic
of
his
generation;
a
prodigious
lecturer
and
essayist
on
politics,
economics,
and
sociological
subjects;
and
one
of
the
most
prolific
letter
writers
in
literature.
By
bringing
a
bold
critical
intelligence
to
his
many
other
areas
of
interest,
he
helped
mold
the
political,
economic,
and
sociological
thought
of
three
generations.W.B.YeatsWilliamButlerYeats(/?je?ts/;13June1865–28January1939)wasanIrishpoetandoneoftheforemostfiguresof20thcenturyliterature.ApillarofboththeIrishandBritishliteraryestablishments,inhislateryearsheservedasanIrishSenatorfortwoterms.In1923hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureasthefirstIrishmansohonoured[1]forwhattheNobelCommitteedescribedas"inspiredpoetry,whichinahighlyartisticformgivesexpressiontothespiritofawholenation."YeatsisgenerallyconsideredoneofthefewwriterswhocompletedtheirgreatestworksafterbeingawardedtheNobelPrize.W.B.YeatsHewasborninDublinandeducatedthereandinLondon;hespenthischildhoodholidaysinCountySligo.HestudiedpoetryinhisyouthandfromanearlyagewasfascinatedbybothIrishlegendsandtheoccult.Hisearliestvolumeofversewaspublishedin1889,anditsslow-pacedandlyricalpoemsdisplayYeats'debtstoEdmundSpenser,PercyByssheShelley,andthepoetsofthePre-RaphaeliteBrotherhood.From1900,Yeats'spoetrygrewmorephysicalandrealistic.Helargelyrenouncedthetranscendentalbeliefsofhisyouth,thoughheremainedpreoccupiedwithphysicalandspiritualmasks,aswellaswithcyclicaltheoriesoflife.SamuelBarclayBeckettSamuelBarclayBeckett(/?b?k?t/;13April1906–22December1989)wasanIrishavant-gardenovelist,playwright,theatredirector,andpoet,wholivedinParisformostofhisadultlifeandwroteinbothEnglishandFrench.Hisworkoffersableak,tragicomicoutlookonhumannature,oftencoupledwithblackcomedyandgallowshumour.Beckettiswidelyregardedasamongthemostinfluentialwritersofthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredoneofthelastmodernists.Asaninspirationtomanylaterwriters,heisalsosometimesconsideredoneofthefirstpostmodernists.HeisoneofthekeywritersinwhatMartinEsslincalledthe"TheatreoftheAbsurd".Hisworkbecameincreasinglyminimalistinhislatercareer.Beckettwasawardedthe1969NobelPrizeinLiterature"forhiswriting,which—innewformsforthenovelanddrama—inthedestitutionofmodernmanacquiresitselevation".HewaselectedSaoiofAosdánain1984.JamesJoyceJamesAugustine[1]AloysiusJoyce
(2February1882–13January1941)wasanIrishnovelistandpoet,consideredtobeoneofthemostinfluentialwritersinthemodernistavant-gardeoftheearly20thcentury.JoyceisbestknownforUlysses(1922),alandmarkworkinwhichtheepisodesofHomer'sOdysseyareparalleledinanarrayofcontrastingliterarystyles,perhapsmostprominentamongthesethestreamofconsciousnesstechniqueheutilized.Otherwell-knownworksaretheshort-storycollectionDubliners(1914),andthenovelsAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(1916)andFinnegansWake(1939).Hisotherwritingsincludethreebooksofpoetry,aplay,occasionaljournalism,andhispublishedletters.OliverGoldsmithOliverGoldsmith(10November1728–4April1774)wasanAnglo-Irish[1]novelist,playwrightandpoet,whoisbestknownforhisnovelTheVicarofWakefield(1766),hispastoralpoemTheDesertedVillage(1770),andhisplaysTheGood-Natur'dMan(1768)andSheStoopstoConquer(1771,firstperformedin1773).HealsowroteAnHistoryoftheEarthandAnimatedNature.Heisthoughttohavewrittentheclassicchildren'staleTheHistoryofLittleGoodyTwo-Shoes,thesourceofthephrase"goodytwo-shoes".Goldsmithwasdescribedbycontemporariesaspronetoenvy,acongenialbutimpetuousanddisorganisedpersonalitywhoonceplannedtoemigratetoAmericabutfailedbecausehemissedhisship.ThomasDeQuinceywroteofhim'AllthemotionofGoldsmith'snaturemovedinthedirectionofthetrue,thenatural,thesweet,thegentle'.JonathanSwiftJonathanSwift(30November1667–19October1745)wasanAnglo-Irish
satirist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer(firstfortheWhigs,thenfortheTories),poetandclericwhobecameDeanofStPatrick'sCathedral,Dublin.HeisrememberedforworkssuchasGulliver'sTravels,AModestProposal,AJournaltoStella,Drapier'sLetters,TheBattleoftheBooks,AnArgumentAgainstAbolishingChristianity,andATaleofaTub.SwiftisregardedbytheEncyclop?diaBritannicaastheforemostprosesatiristintheEnglishlanguage,andislesswellknownforhispoetry.Heisalsoknownforbeingamasteroftwostylesofsatire:theHoratianandJuvenalianstyles.OscarWildeOscarFingalO'FlahertieWillsWilde(16October1854–30November1900)wasanIrishwriterandpoet.Afterwritingindifferentformsthroughoutthe1880s,hebecameoneofLondon'smostpopularplaywrightsintheearly1890s.Todayheisrememberedforhisepigrams,hisnovelThePictureofDorianGray,hisplays,andthecircumstancesofhisimprisonmentandearlydeath.Wilde'sparentsweresuccessfulAnglo-IrishDublinintellectuals.TheirsonbecamefluentinFrenchandGermanearlyinlife.Atuniversity,WildereadGreats;heprovedhimselftobeanoutstandingclassicist,firstatDublin,thenatOxford.Hebecameknownforhisinvolvementintherisingphilosophyofaestheticism,ledbytwoofhistutors,WalterPaterandJohnRuskin.Afteruniversity,WildemovedtoLondonintofashionableculturalandsocialcircles.Asaspokesmanforaestheticism,hetriedhishandatvariousliteraryactivities:hepublishedabookofpo
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