《Unit3+Life+in+the+future-語法分詞》課件

1.作狀語2.作定語4.作表語3.作賓補過去分詞Grammar過去分詞

過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)狀語、定語等成分。過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語過去分詞表完成、被動,與主句主語之間是被動關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在分詞表進行、主動,與主句主語之間是主動關(guān)系。如果一個被動的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,則可使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式或過去分詞。一、過去分詞作狀語過去分詞表完成、被動,作狀語時,其邏輯主語是主句的主語,且與主語之間存在著被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語可表時間、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、條件等。觀察下列的句子:Oncepublished,hisworks(=Once

hisworks

waspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.PP作時間狀語,相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句。有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)時間概念。過去分詞作時間狀語1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.

Whenheated,

icewillbechangedintowater.2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.

Seenunderamicroscope,

afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.過去分詞作原因狀語1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.

Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,

theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.

Doneinahurry,

hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.過去分詞作條件或者假設(shè)狀語1.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.

Givenmoreattention,

thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

Comparedwithyou,

westillhavealongwaytogo.作方式或伴隨情況狀語1.Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,and

hewasfollowedbyhisdog.2.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,and

shewaslostinthought.

lost表示一種迷失心理狀態(tài)1)過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。2)過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語一致。Summary過去分詞作狀語:過去分詞有兩大特點：1.表示被動的動作；2.表示已經(jīng)完成的動作，因此，當(dāng)過去分詞作狀語的時候一定要搞清楚分詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系－－被動，例如：Rewritewithproperconjunctions1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.

Ifweare

united,wewillstand,

but

if

we

are

divided,wewillfail.Example:2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasasked

whathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewas

wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

Ifwewere

givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.

Once

itwas

translatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.6.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.

Becauseshewas

deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.

Althoughhewas

leftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.用過去分詞作狀語來改寫句子。1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.→_______________________,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney2.Ifheisgiventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→_________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.→______________________________,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Given

timeConfusedbythenewsurroundings4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense.

→________________________________,hebecametense.

QuestionedbythepoliceaboutthefireFindoutthesentenceswiththesamemeaning.1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.

Worriedaboutthejourney,

Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.2.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.

Confusedbythenewsurrounding,

Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.3.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.

Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Following

theoldman,wewentupstairs.—wefollowed(跟著那個老人,

我們上去了)2.Followed

by

theoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewerefollowed)(被那個老人跟著,

我們上去了)Compare3.從上面看，體育場好像一個鳥巢。____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.從太空看，宇航員看不到長城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenB

A

DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊.______

thebook,

I

findituseful.在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用.________

ather,

hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLooked注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。CompleteeachsentenceusingthePastParticipleoftherightverb.

1)_________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.frightentrapfollowshootFrightenedfollowed3)If_______inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although____intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.trapped

shot二、過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語與其所修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，且表示該動作已經(jīng)完成。單個的過去分詞作定語，通常置于被修飾的詞的前面，而分詞短語作定語，則須置于被修飾詞的后面。1.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我們組織了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletter

posted

todaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天發(fā)出的信后天他就能收到。分詞作定語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句:Heworkedasaworkerbuilding

roads.(主動)

=Heworkedasaworkerwho/thatbuiltroads.Thisisapicturepainted

bymyfather.(被動)=Thisisapicturewhichwaspaintedbymyfather.Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthe

bench.(在進行)=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.Thelettermailed

last

nightwillreachhimtomorrow.(已完成)=Theletterwhich

wasmailedlastnight

willreachhimtomorrow.過去分詞短語有時亦可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupincountryvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他們當(dāng)中有一些人，生長在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。

過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況：單個的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，表示被動和完成意義。1.前置定語被動意義：anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人

(受傷的工人)arenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.B.完成意義aretiredteacher一位退休的教師Theyarecleaning________________

(落葉)intheyard.Theinjuredworkersthe

fallen

leaves2.后置定語

過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.=Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=)toyourpartlastnight?thathaseverbeenwrittenwhohadbeeninvited如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。如:Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.注意:三、過去分詞作賓補1.從時間上：表動作已經(jīng)完成

come,go,fall,change(表位移,變化的不及物動詞)

Ifoundthecountrysidechangedalot.2.從語態(tài)上:表被動Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.過去分詞作賓補1.表“希望，要求”的動詞：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)doneIwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感覺，心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.3.使役動詞：make,get,have,keep

Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.=Iwanttogetthebarbertocutmyhair.=

Iwanttoletthebarbercutmyhair.4.介詞短語作賓補with,without+n.+p.p.Doyouknowthemanwithhishandstiedback?Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedD四、過去分詞作表語1.用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱,主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài),此時相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。2.被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強，句子主語為動作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,

shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語，表示狀態(tài)，其中有些僅表示狀態(tài)，毫無被動意味。如:③Shewasvery

disappointed

toheartheresult.④He’squite

experienced

inteachingbeginners.

①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotvery

excited.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseems

pleased

withhisresults.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.過去分詞作表語C解析:該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwoundedA.payB.payingC.paidD.topay1)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost3)Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingbyCDC1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考點點撥C

簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分