新概念第二冊20課

Onemaninaboat獨坐孤舟catchv.抓到

v.捉住，逮住，捕獲Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Haveyoucaughtanyfishtoday?catch的一些固定用法catchacold染上感冒catchone'sbreath摒住呼吸catchsightof=see看見catchfire著火catchone'seyes吸引某人注意力catchthebus：趕車-----missthebus錯過車catchphrase標語，引人注意的句子★fishermann.釣魚人，漁民fish→fisherman(pl.fishermen)1)fish魚（pl.)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Theycaughtmanyfishthatmorning.2)fishes不同種類的魚HestudiesthefishesintheIndianOcean.drinklikeafish牛飲anoddfish奇怪的家伙fishingintroubledwater渾水摸魚fishforcompliments沽名釣譽

Itisjustlikeafish'sdrinkingwater,itknowsthewarmthorcoolness.

如魚飲水，冷暖自知。

★bootn.靴子apairofbootshaveone’sheartinone’sboots極為悲觀消沉haveone’sheartinone’smouth極為恐懼boots長筒靴rubberboots橡膠長靴runningshoes跑鞋tennisshoes網(wǎng)球鞋leathershoes皮鞋sandles涼鞋slipper拖鞋loafer平底便鞋sneakers輕便運動鞋(Am.)★realizev.意識到realadj.真的→realizev.意識到→realityn.現(xiàn)實1）認識到，意識到（不用于被動語態(tài)，不用于進行時態(tài)，人做主語。）realize(=beawareof)one'smistakeherealizedthathewaslying.2)v.實現(xiàn)（計劃等）（可用于主動，也可用于被動）

realizeone'shope/dream/planHerealizedhisdreamatlast.→Hisdreamwasrealizedatlast.Herworstfearswererealized.★wastevt./n.浪費1)wastevt.浪費Youarewastingtime.Don’twasteyourtime,moneyandenergy.2)wasten.浪費awasteof對…的浪費Itisawasteoftime/money/feeling/food.gotowaste變成廢物wasteaway(人，體力）衰弱wastebasket廢紙簍（美）wastepaperbasket廢紙簍（英）【課文講解】Fishingismyfavouritesport.動詞＋ing(動名詞)：做主語favouriteadj.最喜歡的無比較級，最高級RedandBlackismyfavouritebook.n.心愛的人(物)，最喜愛的東西Thatsongisoneofhisfavourites.Sheisheraunt’sfavourite.

Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.withoutprep.沒有prep+n./v.-ing/pron.Hewentoutwithoutsayinganything.Hewentoutandhedidn’tsayanything.

Butthisdoesnotworryme.worryv.使…擔(dān)心worrysb.使…擔(dān)心困擾某人Mylittledaughterworriedmealot.beworriedabout對…感到擔(dān)心

beanxiousabout:veryworriedIwasworriedaboutmylittledaughter.Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.

insteadof不做…而做…insteadof后面的詞一定是沒有做的，可以放在主句后面without強調(diào)沒有做某件事，insteadof強調(diào)這件事沒做成而做成了另外一件事我原準備做……但是后來做了……Igotoschoolinsteadofstayingathome.Iboughtbooksinsteadofbuyingdresses.insteadof+n./pron./v.-ingrubbishn.垃圾apileofrubbishaheapofrubbisheg.Don’ttalkrubbish.別說廢話了。garbage1)（廚房里的）菜屑碎肉，殘羹剩肴，垃圾(Am.)

2)（口）不足取的東西，愚蠢的想法garbagecan垃圾桶(Am.)dustbin(Br.)garbagecollector垃圾收集清潔員dustman(Br.)garbagetruck垃圾車dustcart(Br.)

Iamevenlesslucky.even甚至more/lessluckyless+原級(消極比較級):Aisless...thanBA比B更不...Iamlesshappythanbefore.Thisstoryislessinterestingthanthatone.notso/as...as不及，不如Iamnotsohappyasbefore.Thisstoryisnotsointerestingasthatone.Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.

after(conj.)+從句，從句主語必須是主句的主語才能換成下面一種形式after(prep.)+名詞／動詞的ing形式AfterIgotoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.Aftergoingtoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.Afterthestudentshandedintheirpapers,theteacherleft.

spendtime/money/energyonsth.spendtime/money/energy(in)doingsth.'Youmustgiveupfishing!'myfriendssay.'It'sawasteoftime.'

giveupgiveupfishing/smoking/fightinggiveout分發(fā)，發(fā)出；公布，發(fā)表；用盡，精疲力竭givein

v.屈服；讓步；交上giveaway

泄露；分發(fā)；出賣it’s與its的區(qū)別it’s是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，its是形容詞物主代詞It’sacoldday.Itisrainingtoo.Thecatdrankitsmilk.Thisenginehaslostitspower.I'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboatanddoingnothingatall!beinterestedinsth./doingsth.Eeresting令人感興趣的（一般物做主語）Fishingisnotinteresting.excited/excitingsurprised/surprisingdisappointed/disappointingsitinaboat坐在船上beinthesameboat同舟共濟burnone’sboatbehindoneself破釜沉舟rocktheboats（因意見不同）攪局搗亂misstheboat錯失良機notatall在否定句中起強調(diào)作用根本不Thereisnothingtoeatatall.Idon’tlikethatrudefellowatall.關(guān)鍵句型—動名詞1）動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式；2）v.+ing形式;3)它在句中起名詞的作用，可單獨或引起短語作主語，表語，動詞賓語，或介詞的賓語以及定語。）

V-ing形式作主語往往表示抽象、籠統(tǒng)的動作或泛指某動作或行為。如：

a.)Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit. b.)FishingisTom’sfavoritehobby. c.)Cryingoverspiltmilkisnouse. d.)Arguingwithhimisawasteoftime.Subject注：動名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別：

動名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或泛指的動作，一般不與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；不定式作主語通常表示具體的動作或行為，往往與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起，如：It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具體)

在實際運用中，一般可以互換，差異不大。但在下列幾種情況中不能互換：

a.當表語是動名詞時，主語也要用動名詞；當表語是不定式時，主語也要用不定式，如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.b.動名詞和不定式作主語，一般都可以使用形式主語it，而將動名詞或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動名詞，不宜用不定式來代替：It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…例如：It’snousegoingtheretoday;hewon’tbeathome.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.

而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…這類句型中，只能用不定式，如：It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.2)V-ing形式作賓語

a.)Shesattherewithoutspeaking. b.)Davidisinterestedindriving.

c.)DoyoumindturningontheTV? d.)Bettyenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.Object★

能用動名詞作賓語的動詞有兩類：一類是只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞，其中有：avoid,admit,consider,delay,advise,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,mind等，如：Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?另一類是既可以用動名詞，又可以用不定式作賓語的動詞，其中有：continue,forget,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,propose,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,can’tafford等。

B.

在need,want,deserve等后，可用動名詞的主動式表示被動含義，或用不定式的被動式，意義上無差別。但用動名詞較為普遍，（這時主語一般是物），如：Thedoorneedsoiling/tobeoiled.